应用ABEEM/MM模型研究水分子团簇(H2O)n (n=11～16)的性质

应用ABEEM/MM 模型计算了较大的水分子团簇(H2O)n (n=11~16)的各种性质,如：优化的几何构型, 氢键个数, 结合能, 稳定性, ABEEM 电荷分布, 偶极矩, 以及结构参数、平均氢键个数和强度, 增加的团簇结合能等.结果表明,从立方体结构到笼状结构的过渡出现在n=12的水分子团簇中,随着类似于笼状结构特点的不断增强,五元环的富集程度有所增加.     

杂合型全局优化法优化水分子团簇结构

基于遗传算法、快速模拟退火及共轭梯度方法提出了一种快速的杂合型全局优化方法(fast hybrid global optimization algorithm, FHGOA),并将这一方法应用于TIP3P和TIPS2模型水分子团簇(H2O)n结构的优化.在进行TIP3P模型水分子团簇结构的优化过程中,发现了能量比文献值更低的团簇结构,且执行效率有较大提高.把该方法应用到优化TIPS2模型的水分子团簇,发现最优结构和采用TTM2-F模型优化的水分子团簇结构在n < 17时完全相同,为全表面结构;而在n=17、19、22时为单中心水分子笼状结构;在n=25、27时为双中心水分子笼状结构.说明随着团簇中水分子个数的增加,采用TIPS2和TTM2-F势能函数优化的团簇最优结构有相同的变化趋势.     

水分子在高岭石中插层行为的量子化学研究

采用密度泛函理论B3LYP方法,在B3LYP/6-31G(d)理论水平上,构建高岭石的层间团簇模型Si6Al6O42H42(层间距为0.844 0和1.000 0nm),并对高岭石层间及其与n(n=1～3)个水分子相互作用的团簇的各种性质进行研究,如优化的几何构型、电子密度、氢键、能量、NBO电荷分布、振动频率等.结果表明,随着水分子个数n(n=1～3)的增加,体系的能量逐渐降低.水分子通过多种类型的氢键插层于高岭石层间,其中水分子间的氢键强度最强,其次是水分子与铝氧层之间形成的氢键,再次是水分子与硅氧层之间的氢键;层间距随着插层分子的增多而增大,但高岭石层间的活性位点依然存在,且位置较插层前没有明显变化.     

应用ABEEM/MM力场模型研究水分子团簇(H2O)n(n=7～35)的性质

应用ABEEM/MM模型研究和计算了水分子团簇(H2O)n(n=7～35)的各种性质,如:优化的几何构型,氢键个数,结合能,稳定性,ABEEM电荷分布,偶极矩,以及结构参数、平均氢键个数和强度、团簇的递增结合能等,并描述了六聚水区域中所反映的从二维结构(从二聚水到五聚水)到三维结构(n>6的水分子团簇)的过渡,又进一步地预测了从立方体结构到笼状结构的过渡出现在n=12的水分子团簇中,随着类似于笼状结构特点的不断增强,五元环的富集程度有所增加.以上研究不仅系统研究和分析了水团簇的各种性质,而且对比Ab initio研究和实验结果,进一步验证了ABEEM/MM模型的合理性以及参数的正确性和可转移性.     

乙醇-水分子团簇C2H5OH(H2O)n (n=1-9)稳定结构的量子化学研究

采用密度泛函理论B3LYP方法, 在B3LYP/6-311++G(2d,2p)//B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)基组水平上对乙醇-水分子团簇(C₂H₅OH(H₂O)_n (n=1-9))的各种性质进行研究, 如: 优化的几何构型、结构参数、氢键、结合能、平均氢键强度、自然键轨道(NBO)电荷分布、团簇的生长规律等. 结果表明, 从二维(2-D)环状结构到三维(3-D)笼状结构的过渡出现在n=5的乙醇-水分子团簇中. 此外, 利用团簇结合能的二阶差分、形成能、能隙等性质, 发现在n=6时乙醇-水分子团簇的最低能量结构稳定性较好, 可能为幻数结构. 最后, 为了进一步探讨氢键本质, 将C₂H₅OH(H₂O)_n (n=2-9)最低能量结构的各种性质与纯水分子团簇(H₂O)_n (n=3-10)比较, 结果表明前者与后者中的水分子之间氢键相似.     

应用ABEEM/MM模型研究水分子团簇(H2O)n(n=7~10)的性质

应用ABEEM/MM模型计算了中等大小水分子团簇(H₂O)_n(n=7~10)的各种性质, 如: 优化的几何构型、氢键个数、结合能、稳定性、ABEEM电荷分布、偶极矩、结构参数的描述等, 并描述了六聚水区域中所反映的从二维结构(从二聚水到五聚水)到三维结构(n>6的水分子团簇)的过渡.     

β-乳球蛋白在磁化水中的水合作用:磁化处理对水分子缔合构造及蛋白质水合特性的影响(英文)

为探讨蛋白质在磁化水中的水合作用,首先利用粘度测定及氧17核磁共振(17O-NMR)对经静磁场(MF)处理不同有效时间(teff)后的纯水进行了分析,进一步又利用差示扫描热量计(DSC)及NMR对溶解于磁化水的β-乳球蛋白(β-Lg)的水合特性进行了分析.随teff的增加,水分子的内能不断减小,处于氢键结合状态的水分子的比例不断增加.结果表明MF处理促进了水分子缔合结构的形成,这一点可能与氢键的形成有关.随teff的增加,β-Lg表面水分子的运动性没有明显变化,但β-Lg溶液中非自由结合水的含量不断增加.说明β-Lg的水合作用与水分子的缔合分布有关,该分布依存于水分子的氢键状态并可通过磁场处理加以改变.     

受限于单壁碳纳米管中水分子结构、能量以及振动频率的密度泛函研究

利用密度泛函理论中的杂化泛函M06-2X研究了受限于不同管径单壁碳纳米管（SWCNT）内水分子团簇 （H₂O）_n=3～6的结构、能量以及振动频率. 结果显示由于SWCNT的限域效应,水分子团簇的几何构型与在真空相比发生了巨大变化,如受限（H₂O）₆能形成单链锯齿型水分子构型. 随着管直径的增大,纳米管与水之间的相互作用逐渐减弱,但水分子之间的氢键相互作用能变化不大. 对比受限和真空下水分子O-H振动频率发现,绝大部分O-H的振动频率由于碳纳米管与水的相互作用而发生了红移. AIM理论分析显示O-H振动频率的红移应归因于其电子密度的减小. 这也表明碳纳米管绝非简单的几何限制效应,而是与水分子之间存在弱电子相互作用,主要包括H…π氢键作用和O…π轨道作用,从而导致水分子的小部分电荷转移到了SWCNT上.     

水分子簇的研究进展

水分子簇结构与功能的探索已引起科学界的广泛关注并逐渐成为簇科学研究领域中的一个热点。本文综述了近年来水分子簇间作用力研究的进展、内容和方法并加以比较, 重点介绍了远红外振转隧道光谱法, 简述了超冷水的分子结构特征, 并对该领域的研究前景作了展望。     

平面五元水分子簇的量子化学研究

选用Gaussian03的B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)、DMol3的BLYP/DNP和deMon的BLYP/TZVP等方法计算了甲烷水合物(结构-1)中平面五元水分子簇的结合能和氢键能,作了基组重叠误差(BSSE)和色散能(dispersion)的修正,估算了次级相互作用的贡献.在DMol3程序中使用了大型数值基组DNP,将基组重叠误差降至最低.在Gaussi-an03的B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)计算中,采用平衡法(Counterpoise)校正基组重叠误差.两种计算方法给出了一致的结果,证实了在使用6-31G(d,p)基组时,一对水分子在平衡距离的基组重叠误差高达8 kJ/mol.为估算色散能的贡献,使用了新近发展的包含色散能的密度泛函的DFT程序deMon计算了五元水分子簇.用多种方法计算出了经基组重叠误差和色散能修正的五元水分子簇的分子间结合能和氢键能的较为精确的势能超曲面,为甲烷和其他气体水合物的分子动力学模拟提供了依据.     

17O-核磁共振法研究不同处理方法对液态水缔合结构的影响

水作为人类重要的生产要素,参与了卷烟生产的多个环节。水在自然条件下以分子簇的形式存在,多种处理方式可以改变水分子团簇的大小。本文以¹⁷O-核磁共振法为水分子团簇的表征手段,以自来水为水源,考察了氢气、远红外辐射陶瓷球、反渗透、磁场四种处理方法对水分子簇的影响。结果表明:四种处理方式均能使一定量水分子由氢键结合态变为自由态,从而使水分子簇变小。不同处理方法对液态水缔合结构的影响大小排序为氢气处理>远红外陶瓷球处理>反渗透处理>磁场处理。同时,对氢气处理效果的时效性进行了考察,随着放置时间增加,部分自由态水分子再次转变为氢键结合态,水分子簇尺寸变大,但三天后仍保留了一定处理效果。本研究表明氢气处理为四种处理方式中最优的水处理方式,具有提升烟草行业生产用水品质的潜在应用价值。     

Theoretical investigation of gas phase ethanol–(water)n (n = 1–5) clusters and comparison with gas phase pure water clusters (water)n (n = 2–6)

Various properties (such as optimal structures, structural parameters, hydrogen bonds, natural bond orbital charge distributions, binding energies, electron densities at hydrogen bond critical points, cooperative effects, and so on) of gas phase ethanol–(water)_n (n = 1–5) clusters with the change in the number of water molecules have been systematically explored at the MP2/aug‐cc‐pVTZ//MP2/6‐311++G(d,p) computational level. The study of optimal structures shows that the most stable ethanol‐water heterodimer is the one where exists one primary hydrogen bond (O? H…O) and one secondary hydrogen bond (C? H …O) simultaneously. The cyclic geometric pattern formed by the primary hydrogen bonds, where all the molecules are proton acceptor and proton donor simultaneously, is the most stable configuration for ethanol–(water)_n (n = 2–4) clusters, and a transition from two‐dimensional cyclic to three‐dimensional structures occurs at n = 5. At the same time, the cluster stability seems to correlate with the number of primary hydrogen bonds, because the secondary hydrogen bond was extremely weaker than the primary hydrogen bond. Furthermore, the comparison of cooperative effects between ethanol–water clusters and gas phase pure water clusters has been analyzed from two aspects. First of all, for the cyclic structure, the cooperative effect in the former is slightly stronger than that of the latter with the increasing of water molecules. Second, for the ethanol–(water)₅ and (water)₆ structure, the cooperative effect in the former is also correspondingly stronger than that of the latter except for the ethanol–(water)₅ book structure. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Description of collective effects in computer models of water

The dynamics of a system containing 3456 water molecules in a cubic cell with periodic boundary conditions at 297 K was simulated. The time dependence of distances between oxygen atoms was examined for many pairs of molecules. These distances often oscillate around a certain average value over long periods of time (10 ps and longer). These average values can be about 2.8 Å (hydrogen bond) or much larger, up to 12–13 Å and more. This suggests that big groups of molecules are involved in a concerted motion. Lists of hydrogen bonds in 50 configurations divided by an interval of about 1 ps are compared. The average lifetime of a hydrogen bond is about 7 ps. The network of hydrogen bonds is colored according to their lifetimes for one of the configurations. The bonds that live longer than 7 ps form an infinite cluster. The bonds that live longer than 8 ps join to form a great number of finite clusters including several hundreds of nodes (molecules). These clusters contain few closed cycles. Even the bonds that live longer than 20 ps are united into clusters each containing two or three nodes (molecules). The self-diffusion coefficient for molecules involved in long-lived bonds is likely to be slightly smaller than that for molecules which do not participate in these bonds.     

An explanation of the unusual strength of the hydrogen bond in small water clusters

We seek to explain why the hydrogen bond possesses unusual strength in small water clusters that account for many of the complex behaviors of water. We have investigated and visualized the donation of covalent character from covalent (sigma) to hydrogen bonds by calculating the eigenvector coupling properties of quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM), stress tensor σ ( r ), and Ehrenfest Force F ( r ) on the F ( r ) molecular graph. The next-generation three-dimensional (3-D) bond-path framework sets are presented, and only the F ( r ) bond-path framework sets reproduce the earlier finding on the coupling between covalent (sigma) and hydrogen bonds that possess a degree of covalent character. Exploration of the bond-path between the covalent (sigma) and hydrogen bond's critical points provides an explanation for the previously obtained coupling results. The directional character of the covalent (sigma) and hydrogen bonds' 3-D bond-path framework sets for the F ( r ) explains differences found in the earlier results from QTAIM and the stress tensor σ ( r ).     

The investigation on the relative stability of different clusters of thiourea dioxide in water using gas phase quantum chemical calculations

The relative stability of different clusters of thiourea dioxide (TDO) in water is examined using gas phase quantum chemical calculations at the MP2 and B3LYP level with 6‐311++G(d,p) basis set. The possible equilibrium structures and other energetic and geometrical data of the thiourea dioxide clusters, TDO‐(H₂O)_n (n is the number of water molecules), are obtained. The calculation results show that a strong interaction exists between thiourea dioxide and water molecules, as indicated by the binding energies of the TDO clusters progressively increased by adding water molecules. PCM model is used to investigate solvent effect of TDO. We obtained a negative hydration energy of ?20.6 kcal mol^?1 and free‐energy change of ?21.0 kcal mol^?1 in hydration process. On the basis of increasing binding energies with adding water molecules and a negative hydration energy by PCM calculation, we conclude thiourea dioxide can dissolve in water molecules. Furthermore, the increases of the C? S bond distance by the addition of water molecules show that the strength of the C? S bonds is attenuated. We find that when the number of water molecules was up to 5, the C? S bonds of the clusters, TDO‐(H₂O)₅ and TDO‐(H₂O)₆ were ruptured. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009     

Ab initio investigation of water clusters (H2O)n (n = 2–34)

Various properties of typical structures of water clusters in the n = 2–34 size regime with the change of cluster size have been systematically explored. Full optimizations are carried out for the structures presented in this article at the Hartree–Fock (HF) level using the 6‐31G(d) basis set by taking into account the positions of all atoms within the cluster. The influence of the HF level on the results has been reflected by the comparison between the binding energies of (H₂O)_n (n = 2–6, 8, 11, 13, 20) calculated at the HF level and those obtained from high‐level ab initio calculations at the second‐order Møller–Plesset (MP2) perturbation theory and the coupled cluster method including singles and doubles with perturbative triples (CCSD(T)) levels. HF is inaccurate when compared with MP2 and CCSD(T), but it is more practical and allows us to study larger systems. The computed properties characterizing water clusters (H₂O)_n (n = 2–34) include optimal structures, structural parameters, binding energies, hydrogen bonds, charge distributions, dipole moments, and so on. When the cluster size increases, trends of the above various properties have been presented to provide important reference for understanding and describing the nature of the hydrogen bond. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010     

A Hirshfeld partitioning of polarizabilities of water clusters

A new Hirshfeld partitioning of cluster polarizability into intrinsic polarizabilities and charge delocalization contributions is presented. For water clusters, density-functional theory calculations demonstrate that the total polarizability of a water molecule in a cluster depends upon the number and type of hydrogen bonds the molecule makes with its neighbors. The intrinsic contribution to the molecular polarizability is transferable between water molecules displaying the same H-bond scheme in clusters of different sizes, and geometries, while the charge delocalization contribution also depends on the cluster size. These results could be used to improve the existing force fields.     

Simulation of water cluster assembly on a graphite surface

The assembly of small water clusters (H2O)n, n = 1-6, on a graphite surface is studied using a density functional tight-binding method complemented with an empirical van der Waals force correction, with confirmation using second-order M?ller-Plesset perturbation theory. It is shown that the optimized geometry of the water hexamer may change its original structure to an isoenergy one when interacting with a graphite surface in some specific orientation, while the smaller water cluster will maintain its cyclic or linear configurations (for the water dimer). The binding energy of water clusters interacting with graphite is dependent on the number of water molecules that form hydrogen bonds, but is independent of the water cluster size. These physically adsorbed water clusters show little change in their IR peak position and leave an almost perfect graphite surface.     

水与乙醇分子在金管内吸附作用的分子动力学研究

使用分子动力学研究了乙醇与水分子在纳米金管内按照不同比例混合时的吸附现象,并利用径向密度分布函数及水和乙醇分子所形成的平均氢键数来探讨纳米限制效应.结果表明,径向密度分布函数和氢键数目受纳米金管影响较大.另外,水与金管之间的作用力比乙醇与金管之间的大,导致水分子形成的平均氢键数不同于乙醇分子的.     

Dielectric properties of water clusters containing CO and NO molecules. Computational experiment

The absorption of CO and NO molecules by (H₂O)₂₀ clusters was studied by the method of molecular dynamics. In general, the clusters containing CO molecules are more stable mechanically, while the clusters with NO molecules are more stable against heating. The mobility of NO molecules in such clusters is higher than that of CO molecules. The total dipole moment, the static dielectric permeability, the number of active electrons in the clusters, and the specific number of hydrogen bonds between water molecules possess peak values when the number of doping molecules i = 6. IR absorption spectra mostly acquire a smooth shape at i > 6. Capture of CO and NO molecules by water cluster operates as anti-greenhouse effect.