在化学英语教学中英汉语篇修辞模式的差异及其应用

论述了英汉修辞中的语篇结构和衔接手段的差异及其在化学英语教学中的应用。语篇是任何不完全受句子语法约束的、在一定语境下表达完整语义的自然语言，它通常由一个以上的语段或句子构成，具有句法上的组织性和交际上的独立性；修辞是语篇的一个重要方面。在布局谋篇时，为达到语义上的连贯流畅采取的手段等方面，英汉两种语言有很大的不同。     

化学化工专业研究生科技英语写作

结合化学化工领域已经发表的高水平研究论文,对科技英语的摘要、前言、实验方法、结果与讨论和结论的写法,包括时态语态和常用的句型等做全面介绍,能为研究生科技论文写作提供参考。     

化学分析类科技论文题名和摘要的规范表达

题名和摘要是吸引读者是否下载和阅读原文的重要依据,因此在对科技论文题名和摘要进行写作时,如何使其表达规范具有重要意义。结合实际案例,提出了在化学分析类科技论文题名和摘要写作过程中普遍存在的问题,并指出了注意事项。提出了可以参照测定方法、测定物料和测定元素(或组分)这3要素对题名进行润色,并从准确具体、突出创新内容和便于检索这3个方面阐述了规范题名的方法。讨论了摘要的写作方法,并从开头的问题陈述(或测定意义)、中间的研究内容、结尾的结果和结论组成等3个逻辑层次进行举例分析,指明应注意使这3个逻辑层次表达完整,同时注意突出论文的重要研究内容或者创新点。     

生物大分子的混合模式色谱法——传统的色谱观点正在被改变

<正>有幸受邀为一个月前出版的J Chromatogr A撰写了一篇题为"生物大分子的混合色谱及应用"的综述文章,在此后又有几篇很有创意的相关论文发表,在此选择具有代表性的有关蛋白质和多肽分离的论文3篇及本人所撰写的综述文章共4篇论文的内容简要作一介绍。混合模式色谱(mixed-mode chromatography,MMC)指的是应用     

第16届国际质谱分析会议(Ⅰ)

16届国际质谱分析会议于 2 0 0 3年 8月 31日至 9月 4日在联合王国Edinburgh市召开 ,由JohnJ.Monaghan教授筹备。会议内容涉及基础理论、蛋白组学研究、食品分析、法医学、工程材料等领域的应用。择要介绍如下。关于基础理论方面的报告和论文有 30篇 :( 1 )M .J .V .Jarvis等 ,     

美国化学会1980年度全国奖的获奖人(二)

美国化学会分析化学奖(由费歇[Fisher]科学公司发起) J·卡尔文·吉丁斯(J.Calvin Giddings),犹他大学化学教授,以基在化学分离方面突出创新的成就获得了这项众人羡慕的奖。他的贡献主要在三方面:发展一个色层法的理论框框,发明场流分离法,并构思统一化学分离的原理。吉丁斯写作或与人合著了200篇左右的著作。他发表了直接有关色层法的文章达100多篇。他编辑了18本书,写了一本教科书《化学、人、与环境变化》,并写了一本权威性的书,名为     

中学化学结课语的设计

结合当前中学化学结课的实际情况,从4个方面（结课语的功能、结课语设计的要点、结课语设计的风格和结课语设计常用方法）进行论述,并列举了10种设计中学化学结课语常用的方法。     

从《分析试验室》载文分析我国分析化学的发展

为分析我国分析化学学科的研究现状,采用文献计量方法,对《分析试验室》1982～2018年刊载的论文,从年度分布、影响因子、核心作者、研究机构、地域分布、支持基金和高被引论文等多个指标进行统计分析。结果表明:从近十年的影响因子可以看出《分析试验室》正处于稳定发展阶段。核心作者的甄选条件为在该期刊发表4篇及以上论文。国家自然科学基金对该领域科研论文的支持力度最大。引用频次前100名的论文中,有87篇分布在1999～2009年。从分析方法、检测对象、测试参数三个方面分析了该学科的研究重点和热点。所进行的研究对于了解我国分析化学的发展动态具有一定的指导意义。     

新版高中化学必修教材中思政教育内容的比较*

以新人教版、新鲁科版和新苏教版的高中化学必修教材为样本,基于思政教育角度,结合高中思想政治课程标准和中国学生发展核心素养,对教材中涉及的思政元素内容进行界定和编码统计,并从内容维度、呈现位置、运用方式、联结方式等方面进行对比分析,发现新版教材中思政元素存在分布的着重点各有差异,运用的联结方式呈多样化和化学知识涵盖多重思政元素的特征。在发挥课程思政教学功能上,提出了依托教材编排特色、应用各项联结方式和融合现代信息技术的策略。     

本刊“研究快报”征稿启事

本刊从2009年起增设"研究快报"栏目,该栏目是高水平科研论文快速交流的"绿色通道",稿件自投递之日起2～3月内刊出。投稿要求是论文的创新性强,学术价值高,投稿时需要对文章的学术价值和创新性进行简要地说明,突出论文的创新思想和初步的研究结果。内容包括中英文题目、作者、单位、中英文摘要、关键词、正文、参考文献等;可将篇     

Generation and detection of levuglandins and isolevuglandins in vitro and in vivo

Levuglandins (LGs) and isolevuglandins (isoLGs), formed by rearrangement of endoperoxide intermediates generated through the cyclooxygenase and free radical induced oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), are extraordinarily reactive, forming covalent adducts incorporating protein lysyl ε-amino groups. Because they accumulate, these adducts provide a dosimeter of oxidative injury. This review provides an updated and comprehensive overview of the generation of LG/isoLG in vitro and in vivo and the detection methods for the adducts of LG/isoLG and biological molecules in vivo.     

钙与人体及临床

钙是宏量元素，是人体中含量较高的元素之一，体内99％的钙构成骨骼和牙齿以及维持骨骼结构，1％的钙调节人体重要生理功能。钙的含量过高或过低都与许多疾病有关，只有保持一种平衡状态，才能使机体处于正常环境。     

Coassembly of Nanorods and Nanospheres in Suspensions and in Stratified Films

The entropically driven coassembly of nanorods (cellulose nanocrystals, CNCs) and nanospheres (dye‐labeled spherical latex nanoparticles, NPs) was studied in aqueous suspensions and in solid films. In mixed CNC‐latex suspensions, phase separation into an isotropic latex‐NP‐rich and a chiral nematic CNC‐rich phase took place; the latter contained a significant amount of latex NPs. Drying the mixed suspension resulted in CNC‐latex films with planar disordered layers of latex NPs, which alternated with chiral nematic CNC‐rich regions. In addition, fluorescent latex NPs were embedded in the chiral nematic domains. The stratified morphology of the films, together with a random distribution of latex NPs in the anisotropic phase, led to the films having close‐to‐uniform fluorescence, birefringence, and circular dichroism properties.     

Advances in amperometric and conductometric detection in capillary and chip-based electrophoresis

Amperometric and conductometric detection are currently the two major electrochemical detection modes in capillary and chip electrophoresis. The ease of miniaturization and integration of electrochemical detection elements offers a high potential for the development of portable analytical devices based on electromigrative separations. The challenges and basic concepts of both detection principles in the context of capillary/chip electrophoresis are shortly introduced and milestones of the methodical developments are summarized from a historical perspective. Recent advances and applications are discussed with more detail. Particular attention is paid to new trends in this area of research such as measurements in short capillaries and the enormous progress and increased popularity of contactless conductivity detection. Correspondence: Frank-Michael Matysik, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, Linnéstr. 3, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany     

Femtosecond electron-transfer reactions in mono- and polynucleotides and in DNA

Quenching of redox active, intercalating dyes by guanine bases in DNA can occur on a femtosecond time scale both in DNA and in nucleotide complexes. Notwithstanding the ultrafast rate coefficients, we find that a classical, nonadiabatic Marcus model for electron transfer explains the experimental observations, which allows us to estimate the electronic coupling (330 cm(-1)) and reorganization (8070 cm(-1)) energies involved for thionine-[poly(dG-dC)](2) complexes. Making the simplifying assumption that other charged, pi-stacked DNA intercalators also have approximately these same values, the electron-transfer rate coefficients as a function of the driving force, DeltaG, are derived for similar molecules. The rate of electron transfer is found to be independent of the speed of molecular reorientation. Electron transfer to the thionine singlet excited state from DNA obtained from calf thymus, salmon testes, and the bacterium, micrococcus luteus (lysodeikticus) containing different fractions of G-C pairs, has also been studied. Using a Monte Carlo model for electron transfer in DNA and allowing for reaction of the dye with the nearest 10 bases in the chain, the distance dependence scaling parameter, beta, is found to be 0.8 +/- 0.1 A(-1). The model also predicts the redox potential for guanine dimers, and we find this to be close to the value for isolated guanine bases. Additionally, we find that the pyrimidine bases are barriers to efficient electron transfer within the superexchange limit, and we also infer from this model that the electrons do not cross between strands on the picosecond time scale; that is, the electronic coupling occurs predominantly through the pi-stack and is not increased substantially by the presence of hydrogen bonding within the duplex. We conclude that long-range electron transfer in DNA is not exceptionally fast as would be expected if DNA behaved as a "molecular wire" but nor is it as slow as is seen in proteins, which do not benefit from pi-stacking.     

Carbon chains and rings in the laboratory and in space

Seventy-seven reactive organic molecules of astrophysical interest have been identified in a supersonic molecular beam, 73 in the radio band by Fourier-transform microwave spectroscopy, four in the optical by laser cavity ringdown spectroscopy. Most are linear carbon chains, but six consist of carbon chains attached to the compact, highly polar C3 ring, and two are rhomboidal cyclic configurations of SiC3. The laboratory astrophysics of the radio molecules is complete for the time being, in the sense that essentially all the rotational transitions of current interest to radio astronomy (including hyperfine structure when present) can now be calculated to a small fraction of 1 km s(-1) in equivalent radial velocity; six of the radio molecules have already been detected in space on the basis of the present data. The FTM spectrometer employed in this work is far from fundamental limits of sensitivity, so many more molecules can probably be found by refinements of present techniques. The density of reactive molecules in our supersonic beam is generally high by the standards of laser spectroscopy, and many of the radio molecules probably have detectable optical transitions which we are attempting to find, largely motivated by the long-standing problem of the diffuse interstellar bands. Our most interesting result to date is the detection of a fairly strong molecular band at 443 nm in a benzene discharge, in exact coincidence with the strongest and best known interstellar band. Isotopic shifts measured with partially and totally deuterated benzene suggest that the carrier of the laboratory band is a hydrocarbon molecule with the elemental formula CnH5, with n most likely in the range 3-6.     

Structure Formation and Molecular Mobility in Water and in Aqueous Solutions

The study of the structure of water and of aqueous solutions has recently received new impetus from the efforts at commercial desalineation of sea water and from developments in molecular biology. The current view that, apart from single molecules, water contains only one type of structural element, namely “flickering” network structures with tetrahedrally hydrogen-bonded water molecules (two-states model) is proving inadequate in the interpretation of new experimental data and in the calculation of thermodynamic functions. After a critical discussion of the basis of this model and of the concept of hydrogen bonds, a second kind of structural element, i.e. a third state, is suggested: small aggregates of molecules containing mainly non-tetrahedral hydrogen bonds as well as some tetrahedral ones, and packed more densely than allowed by the lattice-like structure. These aggregates – dimers to hexamers – can be regarded as the primary products of disruption of the network structures, and displace the latter as structural components in water with increasing temperature or concentration of solutes. This “combined” model allows a consistent interpretation of the properties of water and of the various effects of dissolved substances.