基于TPA-DPP骨架的新型D-A-D'有机小分子给体的设计与性能

以三苯胺(TPA)-吡咯并吡咯二酮(DPP)为骨架,分别以咔唑(CZ)和芴(FLU)为端基合成了2种新型D-A-D′型小分子给体材料TPADPPCZ和TPADPPFLU,通过紫外-可见吸收光谱和循环伏安法研究了它们的光学和电化学性质.TPADPPCZ和TPADPPFLU均获得了较窄的带隙(1.66和1.81eV),与TPADPPCZ相比,TPADPPFLU的HOMO能级更低(分别为-5.13和-5.26eV).此外,以富勒烯PC₇₁BM为受体,TPADPPCZ和TPADPPFLU为给体制备了本体异质结有机光伏器件.基于TPADPPFLU材料制备的器件获得了更高的开路电压0.88 V,同时得到了3.54%的光电转换效率.结果表明在D-A-D′不对称结构中引入弱给电子端基(D′)可以有效降低材料的HOMO能级,提升开路电压,最终实现调控光伏性能的目的.     

有机光伏材料与器件研究的新进展

近几年有机光伏电池应用研究发展迅猛。本文综述了有机光伏薄膜电池在材料(包括有机小分子材料与聚合物材料)、器件构造方面的最新进展，分析了有机聚合物光伏电池目前效率低的主要原因，并探讨了该领域进一步研究的方向和前景。     

侧链修饰对基于芴-吡咯并吡咯二酮小分子给体光伏性能的影响

本文分别将正辛基和正辛氧基苯基作为Flu(nDPP)₂和Flu(phDPP)₂的侧链,设计合成了2种基于芴-吡咯并吡咯二酮的有机小分子给体材料Flu(nDPP)₂和Flu(phDPP)₂．以此来探讨侧链修饰对分子光伏性能的影响．通过紫外-可见光吸收谱图、循环伏安曲线和光伏器件的J-V曲线和外量子效率谱图等测试方法对两者的光学性质、电化学性质以及光伏性能等方面进行表征．结果表明,Flu(nDPP)₂和Flu(phDPP)₂在氯仿溶液状态下呈现了相似的光吸收谱图,但是在薄膜状态下,Flu(nDPP)₂的边缘吸收波长比Flu(phDPP)₂的红移程度更大,表明Flu(nDPP)₂在薄膜状态下形成了更为紧密的堆积方式．此外,Flu(nDPP)₂和Flu(phDPP)₂分别获得了1.86和1.88eV较为理想的电化学带隙．将2种给体材料分别与PC_7...     

9-芴酮类不对称有机小分子给体光伏材料的设计和性能

本文设计合成了2种新型的基于9-芴酮（FN）的D-A-A′构型的有机小分子光伏给体材料TPAFNPI和TPAFNDI.2种结构均采用三苯胺（TPA）作为给电子单元,三键作为π桥,并引入不同的末端吸电子单元邻苯二甲酰亚胺（PI）和靛红（DI）进行端基修饰.这种D-A-A′结构不仅可以有效改善分子内电荷转移效应,同时也弥补了在9-芴酮上引入氰基的缺点,三苯胺（D）的扭转结构还可以避免由于过度聚集而形成较大的相分离分寸.通过调控末端吸电子单元有利于改善电子云分布,从而促进分子内的电荷传输,还有利于获得更低的最高占据轨道与最低空轨道能级.通过紫外-可见吸收光谱和循环伏安法对材料的光电性质进行探究,并将其作为给体材料与富勒烯受体(PC₆₁BM/PC₇₁BM)共混制备成本体异质结器件.结果显示,TPAFNPI和TPAFNDI均具有较窄的带隙,分别为1.75和1.72 eV. 2种材料与PC₇₁BM混合后分别获得了1.05和1.01 V的开路电压,而靛红由于具有更强的吸电子性,从而使TPAFNDI具有更窄的带隙和更强的光吸收特性,其短...     

新型菲并嗪类有机光伏材料的合成

以菲醌和邻位二胺为核心原料,经烷基化、硼化、Suzuki偶联、还原和关环反应合成了新型菲并嗪类有机光伏材料DTPZ,其结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, MALDI-TOF-MS和元素分析表征。     

基于给体-受体-给体型稠环模块的小分子光伏材料的研究进展

给体-受体-给体(Donor-Acceptor-Donor, D-A-D)型稠环及其衍生物因具有共轭平面结构大、载流子迁移率高、吸光性能优异和光热稳定性等优点,被应用于太阳能电池中,并获得了优异的光伏性能.概述了基于D-A-D型稠环的小分子光伏材料的最新研究进展,总结了该类材料分子结构与其光伏性能之间的关系.     

基于苯并二噻吩和吡咯并吡咯二酮共聚物的有机太阳能电池给体材料光伏性质理论研究

设计和合成结构新颖的聚合物太阳能电池给体材料是有机电子学的热点研究领域. 首先利用二噻吩取代的苯并二噻吩(DBDT)作为富电子结构单元, 吡咯并吡咯二酮(DPP)作为缺电子单元构筑了一种新的聚合物太阳能电池电子给体材料(PDBDTDPP), 然后以[6,6]-苯基-C₆₁-丁酸甲酯(PC₆₁BM)作为电子受体, 借助密度泛函理论(DFT)方法结合不相干的Marcus-Hush电荷传输模型, 系统研究了PC₆₁BM-DBDTDPP_n=1,2,3,∞体系的分子结构、电子性质、光吸收性质、电荷转移的内重组能和外重组能、激子结合能、电荷传输积分、给体-受体界面上激子分离和电荷复合速率等性质, 并利用线性回归方法分析了聚合物重复单元与其光伏性质的关系. 结果表明, 该聚合物具有较好的平面结构, 低的最高占据分子轨道(HOMO)能级, 在紫外-可见区具有宽且强的光学吸收、较大的激子束缚能(1.365 eV), 小的激子分离内重组能(0.152 eV)和电荷复合内重组能(0.314 eV). 在给体-受体界面上, 激子分离速率高达1.073×10¹⁴ s^-1, 而电荷复合速率仅为1.797×10⁸ s^-1. 相比较而言, 激子分离速率比电荷复合速率高约6个数量级, 表明在给体-受体界面上, 光生激子具有很高的分离效率. 总之, 研究证明PDBDTDPP是一个非常有前途的聚合物太阳能电池给体材料, 值得实验上进一步合成及器件化研究. 理论研究不仅有助于更深入理解有机化合物结构与其光学、电子性质之间的关系, 还可以为合理设计聚合物太阳能电池给体材料提供有价值的参考.     

新型含苯并二噻吩与苯并二吡咯酮基元的 D-A共聚物的合成及性质

采用苯并二吡咯酮作电子受体单元，在钯催化下，与不同取代基修饰的电子给体单元苯并二噻吩进行Stille偶联聚合反应，合成了两种新型的电子给受体（D-A）聚合物(P1和P2)，其结构和性能经UV-Vis, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR,元素分析，GPC, CV和TGA表征。结果表明：薄膜态P1和P2在300~800 nm表现出较强吸。P1和P2的低能端吸收峰值分别位于621 nm和616 nm。氧化峰分别位于0.41 V和0.46 V，能隙分别为1.41 eV和1.36 eV。     

两种新型双极有机小分子发光材料的合成与发光

设计和合成了两种新的具有“双极(bipolar)”性质和发光性能的有机小分子化合物N-[4-(5-(2-苯基喹啉-4)-1,3,4-噁二唑-2)苯基]-N'-苯基-N,N'-二苯基-1,1'-联苯基-4,4'-二胺(TPDOPQ)和N,N'-双{4-[5-(2-苯基喹啉-4-基)-1,3,4-噁二唑-2]苯基}-N,N'-二苯基-1,1'-联苯基-4,4'-二胺[TPD(OPQ)₂]. 用¹H NMR, MS和元素分析进行了表征, 研究了化合物的热稳定性和光致发光性质, 并用循环伏安法测定了其电化学性能. 结果表明, 这两种合成的有机化合物同时具备空穴传导和电子输入双重功能, 光致发光性能优良, 热稳定性好, 能形成均衡薄膜, 因此可作为制作有机电致发光器件的候选材料.     

基于二酮基吡咯并吡咯的π-共轭分子的有机太阳能电池给体材料的设计与理论研究

本文设计了系列基于二酮基吡咯并吡咯(DPP)的有机小分子太阳能电池(OSCs)给体材料.设计的分子结构中,2个DPP分子片段作为2个端基通过不同的芳香杂环π-桥相连接.利用密度泛函理论和含时密度泛函理论方法研究了所设计化合物的电子和光学性质.研究结果表明,在分子中引入不同的π-桥可以有效调节设计分子的前线分子轨道能量、能隙和吸收光谱,但是对几何结构影响很小.所设计化合物1-8均在近红外光谱区具有强吸收和窄能隙,这有利于提高有机太阳能电池的短路电流和光吸收效率.前线分子轨道分析发现,化合物1-8具有较低的最高占据轨道能级,可提高有机太阳能电池的开路电压.化合物1-3,5和7的前线分子轨道能级与典型富勒烯受体材料相匹配,可选用PCBM,bisPCBM和PC₇₁BM作为受体材料;而化合物4,6和8则应考虑选用其他的太阳能电池受体材料.结果表明,所设计的分子可作为性能优良的OSCs给体材料,为开发和利用太阳能电池给体材料提供理论依据.     

Linkage position influences of anthracene and tricyanovinyl groups on the opto-electrical and photovoltaic properties of anthracene-based organic small molecules

Anthracene-based small molecules incorporating an electron accepting tricyanovinyl (TCV) group was prepared to investigate the linkage position influences of the anthracene and TCV groups on the opto-electrical and photovoltaic properties of the molecules. The maximum absorptions of the anthracene-based molecules incorporating the TCV group at the phenyl group of the triphenylamine unit (TCV-TpaA_9,10T, TCV-TpaTA_9,10T, and TCV-TpaA_2,6T) or at the thiophene unit (TpaA_9,10T-TCV, TpaTA_9,10T-TCV, and TpaA_2,6T-TCV) were found to be dependent on the linkage position of the anthracene unit. The HOMO energy levels of the molecules containing TCV group at the phenyl group of the triphenylamine unit were deeper than those of the molecules containing TCV group at the thiophene unit. The solution processed small molecule organic solar cells (SMOSCs) prepared with the structure of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/TCV-TpaA_9,10T or TCV-TpaA_2,6T or TpaA_2,6T-TCV:PC₇₁BM (2:1 wt %)/LiF/Al exhibited a maximum energy conversion efficiency of 1.04%, 1.67%, and 1.95%, respectively, under AM 1.5 irradiation (100 mW cm⁻²).     

Synthesis and photovoltaic properties of functional dendritic oligothiophenes

Novel p‐type and low bandgap functional dendritic oligothiophenes bearing hole‐transporting carbazole as peripheral substituents and an electron‐withdrawing dicyanovinyl core group, namely, DCT(n)‐DCN, where n = 1 or 2 for solution‐processable photovoltaic (PV) applications have been synthesized. With electron‐donating carbazole surface‐functionalized moieties conjugated with dicyanovinyl core group, the optical bandgap of these functional dendritic oligothiophene thin‐films greatly reduces to 1.74 eV with a strong spectral broadening and a high ionization potential at ～5.5 eV as determined by UV photoelectron spectroscopy. The bulk heterojunction PV cells fabricated from these dendrimers blended with PC₇₁BM as an acceptor showed a power conversion efficiency up to 1.64% with an open circuit voltage of (V_oc) = 0.93 V in the annealed device. We have demonstrated that the desirable molecular and PV properties of dendritic oligothiophenes can be obtained/tuned by the incorporation of functional group(s) onto peripheral of the dendron and into the core. In addition, these functional dendritic oligothiophenes show superior functional properties even at low dendritic generation as compared to the unsubstituted higher generation dendritic oligothiophenes as a p‐type, low‐bandgap semiconductor for solution‐processable bulk heterojunction PV cells. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011     

Effect of additives on the photovoltaic properties of organic solar cells based on triphenylamine-containing amorphous molecules

Photovoltaic performance of the organic solar cells(OSCs)based on 2-((5′-(4-((4-((E)-2-(5′-(2,2-dicyanovinyl)-3′,4-dihexyl-2,2′-bithiophen-5-yl)vinyl)phenyl)(phenyl)amino)styryl)-4,4′-dihexyl-2,2′-bithiophen-5-yl)methylene)malononitrile(L(TPAbTV-DCN))as donor and PC70BM as acceptor was optimized using 0.25 vol%high boiling point solvent additive of1-chloronaphthalene(CN),1,6-hexanedithiol(HDT),or 1,8-diodooctane(DIO).The optimized OSC based on L(TPA-bTVDCN)–PC70BM(1:2,w/w)with 0.25 vol%CN exhibits an enhanced power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 2.61%,with Voc of0.87 V,Jsc of 6.95 mA/cm2,and FF of 43.2%,under the illumination of 100 mW/cm2 AM 1.5 G simulated solar light,whereas the PCE of the OSC based on the same active layer without additive is only 1.79%.The effect of the additive on absorption spectra and the atomic force microscopy images of L(TPA-bTV-DCN)–PC70BM blend films were further investigated.The improved efficiency of the device could be ascribed to the enhanced absorption and optimized domain size in the L(TPA-bTV-DCN)–PC70BM blend film.     

D-A structural protean small molecule donor materials for solution-processed organic solar cells

This review summarizes the high performance small molecule donors of organic solar cells in various classes of typical donor-acceptor (D-A) structures and discusses their relationships briefly.     

Synthesis and properties of two novel copolymers based on squaraine and fluorene units for solar cell materials

Two novel copolymers based on squaraine and fluorine units have been synthesized through palladium catalyzed Suzuki coupling reaction and Sonogashira coupling reaction,respectively.The structures and properties of the two copolymers were characterized by FT-IR.NMR,UV-vis absorbance（Abs）,gel permeation chromatography（GPC）,thermal gravimetric analysis （TGA）,differential scanning calorimetry（DSC） and cyclic voltammetry（CV）.The solution absorption spectrums of P₁ and P₂ show two distinct absorption bands,one locates at 300-500 nm and the other at 600-800 nm.The absorption spectrums of P₁ and P₂ in films are broadened obviously and the spectral responses are extended up to 900 nm.Thermal gravimetric analysis demonstrates that the polymers are stable.Cyclic voltammetry experiment shows that the band gaps of the copolymers are 1.65 eV and 1.67 eV. respectively,suggesting their potential for applications as solar cells materials.     

Synthesis and characterization of new selenophene‐based conjugated polymers for organic photovoltaic cells

Three new polymers poly(3,4′′′‐didodecyl) hexaselenophene) (P6S), poly(5,5′‐bis(4,4′‐didodecyl‐2,2′‐biselenophene‐5‐yl)‐2,2′‐biselenophene) (HHP6S), and poly(5,5′‐bis(3′,4‐didodecyl‐2,2′‐biselenophene‐5‐yl)‐2,2′‐biselenophene) (TTP6S) that have the same selenophene‐based polymer backbone but different side chain patterns were designed and synthesized. The weight‐averaged molecular weights (M_w) of P6S, HHP6S, and TTP6S were found to be 19,100, 24,100, and 19,700 with polydispersity indices of 2.77, 1.48, and 1.41, respectively. The UV–visible absorption maxima of P6S, HHP6S, and TTP6S are at 524, 489, and 513 nm, respectively, in solution and at 569, 517, and 606 nm, respectively, in the film state. The polymers P6S, HHP6S, and TTP6S exhibit low band gaps of 1.74, 1.95, and 1.58 eV, respectively. The field‐effect mobilities of P6S, HHP6S, and TTP6S were measured to be 1.3 × 10^?4, 3.9 × 10^?6, and 3.2 × 10^?4 cm² V^?1 s^?1, respectively. A photovoltaic device with a TTP6S/[6,6]‐phenyl C₇₁‐butyric acid methyl ester (1:3, w/w) blend film active layer was found to exhibit an open circuit voltage (V_OC) of 0.71 V, a short circuit current (J_SC) of 5.72 mA cm^?2, a fill factor of 0.41, and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 1.67% under AM 1.5 G (100 mW cm^?2) illumination. TTP6S has the most planar backbone of the tested polymers, which results in strong π–π interchain interactions and strong aggregation, leading to broad absorption, high mobility, a low band gap, and the highest PCE. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011     

Synthesis and properties of a novel squaraine dye modified by ferrocene

A novel squaraine dye（SQ） modified by ferrocene has been synthesized through（E）-dodecyl-2-ferrocenyl vinyl-1H-pyrrole and squaric acid.The molecular structure of SQ was characterized by ¹H NMR,¹³C NMR,MS and elemental analysis.SQ is high soluble in common solvents.The maximum absorptions of SQ in different solvents are in the range of 708-734 nm,exhibiting positive solvatochromism with increasing solvent polarity.The optical and electrical properties of SQ indicate that it is a promising electron donor material for bulk-heterojunction organic solar cell.     

Synthesis and photovoltaic properties of novel (X-DADAD)n conjugated polymers with fluorene and phenylene blocks

Novel fluorene- and phenylene-based conjugated polymers with the TBTBT molecular framework consisting of the thiophene (T) and benzothiadiazole (B) building blocks have been synthesized and investigated. It has been demonstrated that the variation of X building blocks with branched side chains in (X-TBTBT)_n-type structures, as well as the introduction of fluorine into the main chain, strongly affects the optical, electronic and physicochemical properties of the obtained polymers. The phenylene-based polymer with a fluorine- loaded TBTBT block achieves a power conversion efficiency of 7% in organic solar cells, which can be further improved by optimizing the active layer morphology.     

一种蓝光发射星型有机分子的合成及光电性质

采用分子设计的思想,通过多步反应合成了一种新型的以N原子为中心的蓝光发射星型有机小分子。用1H NMR,MS和元素分析进行了表征,研究了化合物的热稳定性和真空镀膜膜层的光致发光性质,用循环伏安法测定了其电化学性能。结果表明,这种合成的有机化合物光致发光性能优良(量子效率达到87%),热稳定性好,可作为制作有机电致发光器件的候选材料。     

Side‐chain effects on phenothiazine‐based donor–acceptor copolymer properties in organic photovoltaic devices

A series of new phenothiazine‐based donor–acceptor copolymers, P1 and P2, were synthesized via a Suzuki coupling reaction. The weight‐averaged molecular weights (M_w) of P1 and P2 were found to be 16,700 and 16,100, with polydispersity indices of 1.74 and 1.39, respectively. The UV–visible absorption spectra of the polymer thin films contained three strong absorption bands in the ranges 318–320 nm, 430–436 nm, and 527–568 nm. The absorption peaks at 320 and 430 nm originated mainly from the phenothiazine‐based monomer units, and the longer wavelength absorption band at 527–568 nm was attributed to the increased effective conjugation length of the polymer backbones. Solution‐processed field‐effect transistors fabricated with these polymers exhibited p‐type organic thin film transistor characteristics. The field‐effect mobilities of P1 and P2 were measured to be 1.0 × 10^?4 and 7.5 × 10^?5 cm² V^?1 s^?1, respectively, with on/off ratios in the order of 10⁴ for all polymers. A photovoltaic device in which a P2/PC₇₁BM (1/3) blend film was used as the active layer exhibited an open‐circuit voltage (V_OC) of 0.70 V, a short‐circuit current (J_SC) of 6.79 mA cm⁽², a fill factor of 0.39, and a power conversion efficiency of 1.86% under AM 1.5 G (100 mW cm^?2) illumination. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012