配位滴定法测定锌含量的合适酸度条件

调节待测体系的pH值是配位滴定中一种重要的选择性滴定手段。采用CTE1.0程序计算了不同酸度条件下的终点误差,同时用配位滴定法测定了模拟样品和市售药品中的锌含量。计算结果和实测结果均表明,在不含钙离子的待测体系中,测定锌离子含量的合适酸度条件为pH=6;在钙、锌混合离子溶液中,测定锌含量的合适酸度条件为pH=5。平行测定实验的相对标准误差为1.63%,加标回收率为99.1%-101.8%。     

pH电位滴定法测定溶液中钙、镁离子与聚天冬氨酸的生成稳定常数

pH电位滴定法测定溶液中钙、镁离子与聚天冬氨酸的生成稳定常数;pH电位滴定;聚天冬氨酸;配位化学;钙离子;镁离子     

离子选择电极在教学中的应用——钙镁的连续电位滴定

EDTA配位滴定法测定钙镁含量是配位滴定实验教学中的重要内容。为了开拓学生知识面,培养学生的研究和动手能力,我们设计了用钙电极作指示电极,在氨性缓冲溶液中,以EGTA和DCTA为络合剂,在一份试液中连续电位滴定法测定钙镁的实验。通过本实验我们体会有下列优点:相应改善了目前定量分析教学中有关电位滴定实验较少的状况;本实验仪器简单、操作方便,但又包括了容量分析实验的基本操作内容,综合练习多;将本法用于硅酸盐的矿物测定,结果重现性好,准确度较高,有一定的实用性。     

钡钙合金中钡和钙的快速测定

由于钡离子对乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)滴定法测定钙存在较大干扰,排除困难,目前未见滴定法测定钡合金中钙离子较好的报道.通常硅钡合金、硅钡铝合金中钡的测定都采用硫酸钡重量法[1,2],但该方法需多次分离沉淀,手续繁杂操作不便.     

氯化铅溶度积的测定与计算

用离子交换法和配位滴定法分别进行了氯化铅溶度积的测定，其结果除与氯化铅饱和溶液的浓度有关外，还与溶液中的自配位反应和离子强度有关。根据物料平衡和数值计算提出了一种氯化铅溶度积的准确计算方法，并对溶度积测定与计算的其它方法进行了讨论。     

EDTA络合滴定法快速测定矿石中钙、镁

试样用盐酸、硝酸、氢氟酸、高氯酸分解,在pH值为6～9时,经六次甲基四胺-铜试剂分离铁、铝、镍、钴、铅、锌、铜、镉、锰等干扰元素后,在pH=10的氨水和氯化铵缓冲溶液中,以酸性铬蓝K-萘酚绿B为指示剂,用EDTA络合滴定法测定钙镁合量;另在氢氧化钾溶液中,用钙试剂为指示剂,以EDTA络合滴定法测定钙量,从而计算镁的含量。当样品钙高镁低或者镁高钙低时,低含量的镁量或钙量(<5%)可用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法准确测定,使结果更准确。实验中对三个标准样品中的钙和镁进行多次测定,结果与认定值相符,相对标准偏差在0.69%～1.3%(n=7),加标回收率在99%～102%。方法实用性强,已经成功应用于各类矿石中钙镁的检测。     

EDTA络合滴定法快速测定矿石中钙、镁

试样用盐酸、硝酸、氢氟酸、高氯酸分解,在pH值为6～9时,经六次甲基四胺-铜试剂分离铁、铝、镍、钴、铅、锌、铜、镉、锰等干扰元素后,在pH=10的氨水和氯化铵缓冲溶液中,以酸性铬蓝K-萘酚绿B为指示剂,用EDTA络合滴定法测定钙镁合量;另在氢氧化钾溶液中,用钙试剂为指示剂,以EDTA络合滴定法测定钙量,从而计算镁的含量。当样品钙高镁低或者镁高钙低时,低含量的镁量或钙量(<5%)可用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法准确测定,使结果更准确。实验中对三个标准样品中的钙和镁进行多次测定,结果与认定值相符,相对标准偏差在0.69%～1.3%(n=7),加标回收率在99%～102%。方法实用性强,已经成功应用于各类矿石中钙镁的检测。     

氧瓶燃烧离子色谱法测定氯化聚乙烯中氯含量

元素分析仪法是测定有机元素含量的现代分析技术,一次进样可以同时测定化合物中的C、H、N等元素的含量,在元素含量分析中发挥了重要作用,但该方法对卤族元素无法测定.氧瓶燃烧分解样品后用电位滴定法或称(容)量法测定有机卤素的含量,是有机卤素分析的经典方法.国家标准测定聚氯乙烯样品中的氯含量采用氧瓶燃烧分解电位滴定法[1].电位滴定法一次只能测定样品中一种卤离子,若多种离子同时存在会产生干扰,影响测定结果,且需要配制多种试剂,费时费力.有机样品或聚合物经氧瓶燃烧法分解后采用离子色谱法一次进样可以同时测定多种元素的含量而互不干扰[2],分析速度和灵敏度都优于传统方法.许多有机化合物或聚合物都含有卤素,离子色谱对卤素离子测定的灵敏度很高,氧瓶燃烧离子色谱法弥补了元素分析仪法的不足,是有机化合物或聚合物卤素含量分析较理想的方法.本实验以间氯苯甲酸元素分析标准样品为对照品,测定了氯化聚乙烯中的氯含量,取得满意结果.     

某些分析化学实验教材中均相沉淀概念的误区

目前,均相沉淀法在大学分析化学实验中已很少采用。高锰酸钾间接滴定法测定钙含量是大学分析化学实验中的经典实验之一,历史上存在均相沉淀法和传统沉淀法2种不同的沉淀操作。虽然我国现有大学分析化学实验中已不采用均相沉淀法进行该实验,但在某些分析化学实验教材中,却存在概念混乱的现象,即把传统沉淀法称作均相沉淀法。对这种现象进行了探讨和总结。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法同时测定硅钙合金中硅和钙

硅钙合金是钢铁工业的一种常用复合脱氧剂、脱硫剂、合金元素的添加剂以及铸铁生产中的孕育剂.测定其合金元素的传统方法是将试样用硝酸、氢氟酸溶解,硅采用硅氟酸钾滴定法,钙采用EDTA滴定法,不仅分析步骤繁琐,分析周期长,而且使用氢氟酸会给人体和环境带来伤害和污染.本工作用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定硅钙合金中硅和钙的含量,方法简便易行、快速准确,能代替原有的化学分析方法.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Copper catalyzed/mediated synthetic methodology for ebselen and related isoselenazolones

Scope of the copper catalyzed/mediated selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been studied for the synthesis of isoselenazolones. It is noticed that the 2-chloro, 2-bromo-, and 2-iodo-aryl amides substrates can be exploited in the selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction by employing 25-100 mol % of CuI/1,10-phenanthroline (L) and potassium carbonate as a base in DMF. Furthermore, electron rich 2-chloro-arylamides also underwent selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction to give biologically important selenium-nitrogen heterocycles. Also, copper-catalyzed selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been meticulously applied for the synthesis of diaryl diselenides having methoxy, amine, and amide functionality from respective aryl iodides in the presence of stoichiometric amount of succinimide as an external Se-N coupling partner.     

Knoevenagel condensation catalyzed by novel Nmm-based ionic liquids in water

A series of novel N-methyl morpholine (Nmm) based ionic liquids with 1,2-propanediol group were synthesized and used as catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation at room temperature in water. Under the effect of the catalyst, various aldehydes or aliphatic ketones could react with a wide range of activated methylene compounds well, including malononitrile, alkyl cyanoacetate, cyanoacetamide, β-diketone, barbituric acid, 2-arylacetonitrile and thiazolidinedione. Furthermore, most of the products could be separated just by filtrating and washing with water. Additionally, the catalyst is recyclable and applicable for the large-scale synthesis.     

Construction of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives via sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction

A series of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives were obtained in moderate to excellent yields via a catalyst-free sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 under mild conditions. We also present the first asymmetric sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 with moderate to good enantioselectivities catalyzed by readily available chiral phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs).     

Suzuki-Miyaura reactions of the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor NS2028: a non-product specific route to C-8 substituted analogues

Both soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitors ODQ 1 and NS2028 2 are synthesized via improved protocols. In the former case treating 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one oxime 8, which can be prepared in two steps from 1,2-benzenediamine, with 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) gives the dihydro-ODQ 10 that in the presence of KMnO₄ oxidises to give ODQ 1 in an overall yield of 46% starting from 1,2-benzenediamine. In the latter case, the synthesis affords NS2028 2 from 2-amino-4-bromophenol 3 in three steps with an overall yield of 85% and avoids the need for chromatography. Furthermore, Suzuki-Miyaura reaction conditions are described that enable the preparation of 8-aryl and 8-heteroaryl derivatives of NS2028 directly from NS2028 2. Finally, demethylation of the 8-(methoxyphenyl) substituted analogues afforded the 8-(hydroxyphenyl) derivatives 40-42. All new products are fully characterised.