从大学生化学实验技能大赛引发的思考

针对吉林大学化学学院首届化学实验技能大赛过程中出现的基础实验操作功底不够扎实、综合实验能力欠缺、基础理论和基础实验教学衔接不够紧密等问题,提出了加强基础实验教学、增加综合设计实验,以及加强实验教学和理论教学的衔接等有针对性的措施,以此促进实验教学改革,提高化学实验教学的整体质量和水平。     

有机分子荧光光谱中的AIE和ACQ现象

基础化学实验室主要开设基础类、大面积通识课程,开课对象以非化学专业、低年级本科生为主。基础化学实验室在实践教学活动过程中往往涉及危险化学试剂以及高温、高压等危险操作,加之新形势下大类招生不断扩大,基础类课程教学任务与日俱增,基础化学实验室的安全运行管理面临的挑战更加严峻。以西安交通大学基础化学实验室为例,介绍了我校基础化学实验室现状及在安全运行与管理方面存在的问题和解决对策,为同类型化学实验室的安全运行与管理提供借鉴与参考。     

中学化学实验教学的整体原理和有序原理

一、中学化学实验教学自成系统以实验为基础的化学学科特征,决定了化学实验教学系统是化学教育系统中的主要子系统,应有其能决定性地影响化学教育质量的教育目标和教学结构。中学化学实验的教育目标,在认知领域中可概括为探索和形成、使用和评价化学理论与技术知识：在操作领域中可概括为掌握实验基本操作技能和化学技术基础：在情感领域中可概括为形成科学观点,提高心理素质。中学化学实验的教育目标决定了它的教学结构。     

“卓越化学教师教育实验教学研究”课程探微

在对化学实验操作进行编码的基础上对高中化学课程标准中有关实验进行统计分析,以分析结果为依据对卓越化学教师教育实验教学研究课程中的实验内容进行优选,为化学教师教育学科课程的科学决策奠定基础。     

D-101大孔树脂对根皮苷的吸附动力学教学实验设计

介绍了医药类院校物理化学实验“D-101大孔树脂对根皮苷的吸附动力学”。从该实验的背景、意义与目的、原理、操作、数据处理、讨论与教学建议等方面进行了详细介绍。在操作部分附上了各步原始操作记录的样例,在数据处理部分附上了处理数据与绘图拟合的样例,并附上了已录制的实验教学及数据处理指导视频网址。所设计的实验兼具了鲜明的物理化学特征与制药行业特点,在实现了基础化学实验操作教学目的的同时,也起到了与医药领域各专业实验教学紧密支撑的衔接作用。     

基于实验的探究教学开发

实验既是化学学科发展的基础,又是化学教学的有效手段,以实验为基础开展探究教学是化学教学的方向之一。以实验目的、实验原理、实验装置、实验步骤、实验现象和实验结论等实验方案的要素为切入点为实验探究教学创造更多的实践途径,从而实现基于实验的探究教学在理念、思维和操作层面的发展。     

微型化学实验在基础化学实验教学中的研究

微型化实验由于较好的教学效果和显著的经济与社会效益,成为当前化学实验教学改革的方向之一。基于此,从实验仪器装置、实验条件、实验方法、实验内容、创新性、与探究教学的整合这五个方面对微型化学实验在基础化学实验教学中的研究进行了总结,从而为微型化学实验应用于基础化学实验教学提供参考。     

基于信息技术的高师化学教学论实验教学改革与实践*

在高师化学教学论实验教学过程中,为及时、充分指导学生的实验操作,加强学生间的反思交流,课题组在现有化学仿真实验平台辅助教学论实验的基础上,利用手机微信平台和化学仿真实验平台,针对实验操作和实验教学等2方面设计并制作了教学微视频,构建了信息化教学新模式。实践效果表明:该模式满足了学生的个性化学习和分层教学需求,提高了高师化学教学论实验的教学效果,具有实践价值。     

多维度信息化无机化学实验的资源构建与教学实践探索

面对大一化类专业学生化学基础、理论与实验联系能力和实验操作水平等存在较大差异的现状,天津大学无机化学教学团队从课堂演示实验、实验课在线开放、实验安全管理与教育及虚拟仿真实验的制作与应用等多个维度构建无机化学信息化实验资源,并应用于无机化学教学实践中,解决学生在学习过程中的困难,提高教学效果和效率。     

化学课程衔接现代医学的实验探索

为探索化学与医学之间的衔接,促进医用化学为医学教育服务,开展了药物配伍禁忌与注射药物配制的化学衔接实验研究。通过开展维生素C与碘伏、微量元素注射液的配伍实验,观察化学反应现象,促进学生探索维生素C与这些药物之间的配伍禁忌;通过比较注射器与化学仪器操作原理,理解注射药物配制原理即化学溶液配制与稀释原理,促进学生化学操作与医学操作相衔接。     

深圳市宝安区儿童头发中微量元素含量与儿童眼病关系的研究

通过对2001～2003年深圳市宝安区独生子女(0～14岁)近20000例体检情况统计，结合测定头发中微量元素锌、铁、铜、钙、锰、硒六种元素含量，对照健康人微量元素测定，发现缺锌、缺铜、缺硒儿童较健康儿童更易患近视，这一结论与相关报道一致。     

Fine tuning of receptor polarity for the development of selective naked eye anion receptor

We designed and synthesized new anion receptors 1, 2, and 3, which have different N-H polarity. According to their N-H polarities, these receptors showed different selectivities for the anions they were interacting with. The difference of selectivity could be easily recognized from their color change during recognition events. Therefore, fine tuning of receptor polarity could be a good strategy for the designing of a selective anion receptor and made it possible to develop a selective naked eye anion receptor.     

Responsive photonic crystal for the sensing of environmental pollutants

This review covers the concepts of photonic crystal (PhC) and its usage for the sensing of environmental pollutants. PhCs are composed of periodic and ordered nanostructures which can manipulate the diffraction or reflection of light propagation through the structures. If the light spectra locate in the visible range, the color of materials can be observed by naked eye. The optical properties of PhCs are determined by the lattice constant of the crystal or by the refractive index contrast between the colloids and the surrounding medium. Based on these features, responsive PhCs can be designed to detect the environmental pollutants. In this review, we primarily described the photonic crystals for the sensing of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), organophosphates (OPs), heavy metal ions and endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), and these sensors exhibited excellent sensitivity and are promising for the on-site monitoring of pollutants.     

Evaporation-driven instability of the precorneal tear film

Tear-film instability is widely believed to be a signature of eye health. When an interblink is prolonged, randomly distributed ruptures occur in the tear film. “Black spots” and/or “black streaks” appear in 15 to 40 s for normal individuals. For people who suffer from dry eye, tear-film breakup time (BUT) is typically less than a few seconds. To date, however, there is no satisfactory quantitative explanation for the origin of tear rupture.     

基于眼动追踪技术的高中生化学问题解决的差异性研究——以“氧化还原反应”为例

以氧化还原反应相关试题作为测试材料,采用眼动追踪技术对12名高一学生进行3(学业水平)*3(试题难度)两因素混合实验,实验结束后进行追述性口语报告。结果表明,在氧化还原反应问题解决过程中学优生信息加工速度快、深度浅、难度小,采用正向加工和逆向排除结合的策略。学中生信息加工速度慢、深度深、难度大,采用正向加工策略。学困生轻易放弃,信息加工无效。随着问题难度的增大,学生信息加工速度变慢、深度变深、难度变大。     

Recent advances in the development of colorimetric analysis and testing based on aggregation-induced nanozymes

Colorimetric sensing strategies as a powerful point-of-care testing(POCT) tool have attracted significant interest in various chem/biosensing applications.Taking the excellent bare-eye-detectable signaling feature,nanozymes-based colorimetric sensors enable more potential applications and have been a new forefront in the colorimetric POCT analysis toward different target analytes.However,the low catalytic activity of nanozymes in most cases limits their practical application.Recent efforts demonstrate that the aggregation-induced nanozymes provide a general means to modulate nanozymes activity and enhance colorimetric sensing performances of some nanozymes-based colorimetric sensors.But there are few reports are explored to discuss and review such aggregation-induced nanozymes and their colorimetric sensing applications.To highlight the advances and progress in aggregation-induced nanozymes based colorimetric assays,we herein summary the fundamentals,classify and applications of this newlydeveloping field,focusing on the aggregation-induced activity enhancement of nanozymes(AIAEnanozymes) with a significant "signal-on" feature and aggregation-induced activity inhibition of nanozymes(AIAI-nanozymes) with a dramatical "signal-of" characteristics.Finally,we also propose the current challenges and the future prospects on both AIAE-nanozymes and AIAI-nanozymes.     

气相色谱法测定眼药水中琥珀酸钠的含量

用气相色谱法测定眼药水中琥珀酸钠的含量。样品减压蒸干后,经酸化使琥珀酸钠变成琥珀酸,加入丙二酸进行衍生化反应,形成琥珀酸丁二酯和丙二酸丁二酯,以DEGS玻璃填充柱为色谱柱,用FID检测,进行气相色谱分析,结果令人满意。     

Cyclodextrins in Eye Drop Formulations

Ideally, eye drop formulations are aqueous solutions. Many drugs that are useful in topical application to the eye are not sufficiently water soluble to be dissolved in simple aqueous solutions. This problem is approached through hydrophilic prodrugs, suspensions, lipid based solutions and excipients such as cyclodextrins. Cyclodextrins can be used to form aqueous eye drop solutions with lipophilic drugs, such as steroids. The cyclodextrins increase the water solubility of the drug, enhance drug absorption into the eye, improve aqueous stability and reduce local irritation. Cyclodextrins are useful excipients in eye drop formulations of various ophthalmic drugs, including steroids of any kind, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, pilocarpine and cyclosporins. Their use in ophthalmology has already begun and it is likely to expand the selection of drugs available as eye drops. In this paper we review the use of cyclodextrins in eye drop formulations. The use of cyclodextrins to formulate dexamethasone eye drops is an example of their usefulness. Cyclodextrins have been used to formulate eye drops containing corticosteroids, such as dexamethasone, with concentration and ocular absorption, which in human and animal studies is many fold that seen with presently available formulations. Such formulations offer the possibility of once a day application of corticosteroid eye drops after eye surgery, and more intensive topical steroid treatment in severe inflammation.     

Structure-Activity Relationships in the Control of Chemical Risks

Abstract

Cluster significance analysis is a tool that allows the identification of ‘embedded clusters’ in QSAR datasets. It is successfully applied to an eye irritation data set to show that these data are indeed asymmetric. The method identifies five parameters that form an embedded cluster of eye irritants amongst non irritants, although full separation is not achieved. This method has considerable potential to identify potential non-linearity in toxicology data sets and for parameter reduction. It is shown also that this can be obtained relatively quickly with an analysis performed on 100,000 subsets containing the same information as an analysis on 1,000,000 subsets.