中学化学教科书中实验安全教育内容编排的思考

随着课程改革对化学探究实验的重视,实验安全教育的重要性日益显现。通过对我国现行3个版本义务教育初中化学课程标准实验教科书及美国初中主流化学教科书《化学反应》中的化学实验安全教育内容的比较研究,发现我国教科书中实验安全教育内容相对薄弱。建议以教科书为载体显化实验安全教育内容、教科书中增加实验安全标志、处理好安全教育与主动探究的关系,把安全作为实验评价指标,充分发挥评价的导向功能。     

改革开放以来我国高中化学教科书中科学家内容的变迁与启示*

教科书中科学家内容是增进学生化学学科理解、加强科学本质教育、发展科学素养的重要载体。从数量、呈现位置、呈现内容等维度分析改革开放以来5套典型高中化学教科书中的科学家内容,总结我国高中化学教科书中科学家内容变迁的特点,挖掘其中的教育价值,以期对教科书中科学家内容的编写和化学教学有所启迪。     

3版本高中化学(必修)教科书中实验安全教育内容统计分析与思考

实验安全教育是中学化学教学的重要内容.对3版本高中化学(必修)教科书中的实验安全隐患、实验室安全守则、实验安全知识和操作技能、实验安全标志、急救措施的数量和呈现方式等进行统计与分析,并对如何完善高中化学实验安全教育提出几点思考与建议.     

新版高中化学教科书“本土文化”内容的特征研究

新时代的教科书是铸魂育人的根本载体，是涵养核心价值观的重要源泉。基于教科书中“本土文化”内容构建了包含文化要素、符号表征、内容篇幅、叙述形式、价值取向、知识内涵、教育功能等7个维度的教科书文化资源分析框架。选取新编人教版高中化学教科书作为研究对象，依据量表进行编码。梳理教科书中呈现的文化素材并探讨其建构特征，为优化教科书的文化内容设计及教学运用提供参考性建议。     

中加九年级化学(科学)教科书教学属性比较研究——以“原子结构”为例

选取加拿大安大略省纳尔逊教育版九年级科学教科书(学术)与人教版九年级化学教科书共同内容“原子结构”作为研究对象,以文本分析的方法,从目标引导、过程引导、评价引导等3个维度对2本教科书教学属性进行比较。发现在教学属性的设计上,安大略版教科书更趋于素养取向,而人教版则趋向于知识取向。并基于此对化学教科书教学属性进行了思考。     

义务教育化学教科书中化学史教育内容的选择与呈现

如何在化学课程中融入化学史,一直是化学课程与教学研究关注的重要内容。化学课程融入化学史表现在各个层面,化学教科书中的融入是一个中间环节,它既是教育理念、课程标准的具体体现,又是对教师在课堂教学中融入化学史的提示和指导。本文从教科书中化学史的内容、呈现方式、在教学中的地位以及学习方式等几个角度,对我国义务教育4个版本化学教科书进行了分析,并根据分析结果,提出了适当展现科学家形象;描述真实的科学发展过程;寻求内史与外史的有机整合;内容组织时考虑多种学习活动方式的结合几个教材编写建议。     

我国中学化学教科书之肇始*——1903年版《最新中学教科书·化学》探析

1903年由商务印书馆出版的《最新中学教科书·化学》兼具理论性、实用性与操作性,是我国目前已知最早的中学化学教科书,由谢洪赉译自美国Steel's Popular Chemistry。从此书出版背景、内容体系、价值取向、形式体例、编译语言等方面分析,阐明其对清末化学教育开展以及近代化学教科书演变的重要历史意义。     

谷氨酸钠发展史及其教育价值

对中学化学课程标准与化学教科书中与谷氨酸钠相关内容进行分析;依据HPS科学教育理念,介绍谷氨酸钠的发现、研究与生产的发展史,包括化学家吴蕴初对我国谷氨酸钠工业所做的贡献;揭示谷氨酸钠发展史的教育价值。     

中美高中化学教科书职业生涯教育栏目的比较与启示*

人民教育出版社2019年出版的普通高中化学必修教科书的“化学与职业”栏目是我国中学化学教科书中首次出现的职业生涯教育栏目,而职业生涯教育比较成熟的美国,其高中主流教科书Chemistry: Concepts and Applications中也有此类栏目。从职业的选择、职业的描述、栏目的特点等3个方面对美国教科书“在此领域”栏目与我国教科书“化学与职业”栏目进行比较,从中得出几点启示。     

改革开放以来我国初中化学教科书中溶液内容的演变研究

应用内容分析法对改革开放以来我国人教版出版的6套初中化学教科书的“溶液”内容进行分析,研究“溶液”在内容选择、内容组织、内容呈现等方面的演变,以期获得我国初中化学教科书的发展特点,为“溶液”内容在化学教科书中的编写与使用提供参考.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.