引领学生六读“元素周期表”

元素周期表对学生学习化学有重大指导作用,是重要的工具.化学新课程标准中要求学生"能描述元素周期表的结构,知道金属、非金属在元素周期表中的位置及其性质的递变规律".人民教育出版社、江苏教育出版社、山东科学技术出版社出版的<化学2(必修)>中关于"元素周期表"的内容,虽然呈现方式不同、顺序有别,但都符合化学新课程标准的要求.教师对这些内容进行整合后再进行教学效果更好.     

国内外物理化学教材“界面与胶体化学”部分内容的比较研究

以物理化学教材中界面化学与胶体化学的内容编写为研究对象,详细比较了不同版本中英文教材中对该部分知识的概念表述、内容取舍、编排方式等,其中中文教材按照学科类别(如理科版、工科版、农林版等)和同一主编不同版本两种方式进行了比较,英文版物理化学教材比较了五个版本,其中对Atkins主编的教材进行了三个版次的分析。追溯、剖析了该部分内容编写方式的差异和演进变化,为相关学科的教材编写和课堂教学提供参考。     

《物理化学教程》评介

物理化学是传统的四大化学中理论性较强的一门学科。因而物理化学教材水平的高低对化学科学的发展,产生至关重要的影响。鉴于种种原因,已有的一些物化教材,基本上未冲破五十年代的总框框,在教材的某些重要环节的处理上不尽令人满意。由南开大学姚允斌、朱志昂编写的《物理化学教程》却是一套较现代的教材。该书在编写体系上不受当前试行的综合性大     

高等学校化学类专业物理化学相关教学内容与教学要求建议(2020版)

介绍了"高等学校化学类专业物理化学相关教学内容与教学要求建议(2020版)"的修订情况,对使用该建议的方法进行了说明。基于学生中心、产出导向理念,明确了物理化学教学的总体目标以及各部分知识、能力和素质的具体教学要求。对当前和今后一段时间我国的物理化学教学研究、教学改革、教材编写和教学效果评价等具有一定的指导意义。     

紧跟时代步伐建设高水平的物理化学教材

回顾了南开大学化学学院物理化学课程组紧跟时代步伐建设高水平物理化学教材的历程。不断将科研、教学研究、教学改革成果及思政建设融入教材。编著出版的物理化学教材获2009年国家級教学成果一等奖,2021年天津市高校课程思政优秀教材。继续发扬南开化学优良传统,将物理化学教材建设代代相传。     

关于“门捷列夫周期律和元素周期表”一章教材的复习提纲

大纲指出:“门捷列夫周期律和元素周期表的学习使学生更深刻地理解各种元素和它们的化合物,使学生能够通过元素周期表总结以前所学过的知识,并能应用元素周期表解答一些实际问题(象由元素的位置推测单质或化合物的性质。”由此可见,门捷列夫周期律和元素周期表这一章教材是为高中三年级教材中最重要的理论基础。这一章教材的内容如果不能很好地帮助学生去学习,那是不容易掌握和巩固的。因此我为了帮助学生系统的,有重点的复习这一章的全部教材内容,特编写下面的复习提纲印发给他们,并指导他     

物理化学课程内容的编排顺序：基于“学科思维-认知规律”双重视角的观察

物理化学课程内容的编排顺序是物理化学教学中的核心问题之一,教指委发布的《化学类专业化学理论教学建议内容》对其并未明文规定,经典教材对此处理各有不同。经过对比和分析不同经典教材的编排顺序差别,可以看出物理化学的学科思维和认知规律是决定编排顺序的两大原则。依据学科思维从空间、时间、体系等3个维度为物理化学课程的核心内容画出逻辑关系图,并结合认知规律提出了多种编排内容的方式。     

《现代化学基础》——一部新型的改革教材

一部新型的改革教材———《现代化学基础》(胡忠鲠主编 ) ,于 2 0 0 0年 1月由高等教育出版社出版。该教材是一部面向 2 1世纪工科近化工类专业的大学基础化学教材 ,适用于地质、矿产、冶金、材料、环保、石油、热处理、过程装备等专业。　　几十年来 ,国内基础化学课程一直分为普通化学或无机化学、物理化学、有机化学和分析化学 ,即四大基础化学 ,教材也相应出版四大基础化学教材。近年来有无机化学与分析化学结合、物理化学与结构化学结合的教材相继问世。工科近化工类专业长期一直开设普通化学和物理化学 ,有些还开设了有机化学和分析…     

吉林大学化学学科物理化学课程的改革探索

以“基础学科拔尖学生培养试验计划”和人才培养基地的建设为背景,介绍了吉林大学在“拔尖计划”项目带动下,化学学院物理化学课程团队围绕教学理念、教学方法、考核方式方法、团队建设、教材建设及信息化建设等方面进行改革与建设中取得的经验与成果。以期为化学学科基础人才培养过程中基础课程体系的教学改革提供借鉴。     

自主学习型物理化学教材的评述和启示

通过对国内外的代表性物理化学教材的分析,归纳出自主学习型物理化学教材的显著特点,以期为国内教材编写、教材选用、教学素材选取和双语教学的实施提供参考。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。