气相色谱-质谱联用法测定食品包装材料中4种苯酚类抗氧剂迁移量

建立了气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)测定食品包装材料中2,6-二甲基苯酚、对叔丁基苯酚、2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚和叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲醚迁移量的方法。采用水、4%(体积分数)乙酸、50%(体积分数)乙醇和异辛烷作为食品模拟物,样品经食品模拟物浸泡:水基模拟物浸泡液经乙酸乙酯液液萃取后测定,异辛烷浸泡液则直接测定。采用DB-1701色谱柱(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25μm)进行分离,选择离子模式进行检测,外标法定量。结果表明,在优化实验条件下,4种苯酚类抗氧剂在0.1~10 mg/L质量浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数(r)均大于0.999,方法检出限(LOD)均为0.01 mg/L,定量下限(LOQ)均为0.03 mg/L。在0.1、1.0、10.0 mg/L 3个加标水平下,方法的回收率为91.5%~110%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)为1.9%~9.3%。该法准确、可靠、灵敏度高,适用于食品包装材料中4种苯酚类抗氧剂迁移量的测定。     

气相色谱–质谱法测定塑胶制品中3种抗氧剂的含量

建立气相色谱–质谱法测定塑胶制品中抗氧剂4,4'-硫代双(6-叔丁基-3-甲基苯酚)(TBM–6)、2,2'-亚甲基双(4-乙基-6-叔丁基苯酚)(AO425)、2,2'-亚甲基双-(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)(AO2246)的分析方法。样品用甲醇进行超声提取,考察了提取时间、温度对抗氧剂提取率的影响。提取液经有机滤膜过滤后,采用气相色谱–质谱联用仪进行测定,外标法定量。在优化实验条件下,TBM–6,AO425,AO2246的质量浓度在0.05~2.00 mg/L范围内与其色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.999 0,方法检出限分别为0.005 8,0.006 5,0.002 4 mg/L。在0.5,5.0,20.0 mg/kg的添加水平下加标回收率为87.2%~107.6%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.7%~6.2%(n=7)。该方法前处理简便、快速,精密度与准确度高,能够满足塑胶制品中抗氧剂检测的要求。     

高效液相色谱法测定饮料中的呋喃-2,5-二甲酸

建立了饮料中呋喃-2,5-二甲酸含量的高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析方法,采用Venusil HILIC(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱;柱温40℃;流动相为0.02 mol/L乙酸铵(冰乙酸调至p H 3.5)-乙腈(50∶50);流速1.0 m L/min;检测波长265 nm。呋喃-2,5-二甲酸在0.5~100 mg/L浓度范围内线性良好,检出限(LOD)和定量下限(LOQ)分别为0.15 mg/kg和0.5 mg/kg,回收率为93.2%~109.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为0.9%~4.2%。该方法快速、操作简便、灵敏度高,适用于饮料中呋喃-2,5-二甲酸含量的测定。     

双2,2’-亚甲基双(4,6-二叔丁基苯基)亚磷酸酯的合成及其抗氧化活性

以2,2’-亚甲基双(4,6-二叔丁基苯酚)和三氯化磷为原料,三乙胺为催化剂,通过二次酯化反应合成了一种内环双酚亚磷酸酯类抗氧剂——双2,2’-亚甲基双(4,6-二叔丁基苯基)亚磷酸酯(1),收率73.5%,纯度98%,其结构经1H NMR和IR确证。采用1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼自由基比色法测定了1捕获自由基能力。结果表明,1具有较强的自由基捕获能力,是一种良好的分子内复合链终止型抗氧剂。     

抗氧剂168的质量控制分析及杂质鉴定

抗氧剂168的质量控制分析及杂质鉴定;抗氧剂168;二叔丁基苯酚;液相色谱-质谱联用;高效液相色谱;紫外-可见光谱     

一种半受阻酚类抗氧剂中间体的合成及抗氧化性能研究

采用2-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚和丙烯酸甲酯为原料,通过迈克尔加成反应合成半受阻酚类抗氧剂中间体β-(3-甲基-5-叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸甲酯.条件优化实验确定该抗氧剂中间体的最佳合成工艺条件为:2-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚与丙烯酸甲酯物质的量之比为1∶1.1,催化剂KOH与2-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚的物质的量比为1∶10,丙烯酸甲酯滴加温度为90℃,丙烯酸甲酯滴加时间为30 min,反应温度为130℃,反应时间为5 h.在此条件下,半受阻酚类抗氧剂中间体β-(3-甲基-5-叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸甲酯的收率大于70%,熔程41.6℃~44.0℃.IR和1H NMR证实所合成目标产物的化学结构与其理论结构相一致.DPPH法测定半受阻酚类抗氧剂中间体清除自由基的性能,并与全受阻酚类抗氧剂中间体β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸甲酯进行对比.结果表明,由于邻位取代基的不对称效应,使得空间位阻较小的不对称抗氧剂中间体β-(3-甲基-5-叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸甲酯清除DPPH·的活性高于邻位取代基空间位阻较大的对称抗氧剂中间体清除DPPH·的活性.     

分散液液微萃取/气相色谱-串联质谱法测定地表水中苯并三唑类紫外线过滤剂

建立了地表水中6种苯并三唑类紫外线过滤剂:2-(2-羟基-5-甲基苯基)苯并三唑(UV-P)、2-(5-叔丁基-2-羟苯基)苯并三唑(UV-PS)、2-(5-氯-2-苯并三唑)-6-叔丁基对甲酚(UV-326)、2-(3,5-二叔丁基-2-羟苯基)-5-氯苯并三唑(UV-327)、2-(3,5-二叔戊基-2-羟基苯基)苯并三唑(UV-328)及2-(2-羟基-5-叔辛基苯基)苯并三唑(UV-329)的分散液液微萃取/气相色谱-串联质谱分析方法。以50μL氯仿为萃取溶剂,600μL乙醇为分散溶剂,样品p H值为3.0。目标化合物经Rtx-5MS色谱柱结合程序升温分离后,用多重反应监测模式进行质谱分析,外标法定量。结果表明,6种化合物的基质加标回收率为83.5%~104.5%,相对标准偏差为5.1%~10.1%,方法的检出限为0.002~0.03μg/L,定量下限为0.008~0.1μg/L。     

碱融–离子色谱法测定抗氧剂300中的氯离子

采用碱融法处理样品,用离子色谱法测定抗氧剂300中的氯离子含量。氯离子质量浓度在0.1~60 mg/L范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,r=0.9982。测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.36%~1.14%(n=6),检出限为0.804μg/g,加标回收率为98.84%~100.90%。该法简便、快速,适合于抗氧剂300中氯离子含量的检测。     

抗氧剂对复合磺酸钙基润滑脂氧化安定性的高压差示扫描量热法研究

利用高压差示扫描量热法(PDSC)研究了典型抗氧剂T501(2,6-二叔丁基对甲基苯酚)、L135(高分子量液体酚)、L57(辛基/戊基二苯胺)和T531(N-苯基-α萘胺)对复合磺酸钙基润滑脂氧化安定性的影响,考察了抗氧剂浓度对抗氧化效果的影响。结果表明,PDSC是一种快速简便评价润滑脂氧化安定性的方法,适用于抗氧剂的筛选。与传统的旋转氧弹氧化法相比较而言,PDSC的评价结果更科学,更具有规律性。另外,根据阿仑尼乌斯公式计算了润滑脂氧化反应的表观活化能。     

阴离子交换色谱-荧光检测法测定人体血清中酪氨酸及其代谢产物

建立了阴离子交换色谱-荧光检测法(AEC-FLD)同时测定人体血清中的酪氨酸(Tyr)、对羟苯基乳酸(PHPLA)和对羟苯基丙酸(PHPA)的分析新方法。样品经乙腈处理沉淀蛋白,离心后取上清液直接进样检测。采用IonPac AG21保护柱(50×2mm)、IonPac AS21分析柱(250×2mm),流动相为4mmol/L NaOH溶液,流速为0.45mL/min,荧光检测器的激发波长和发射波长分别为277nm和340nm。优化条件下三种物质能得到良好的分离和检测。Tyr、PHPLA和PHPA的线性范围分别为0.30~25mg/L、0.025~2mg/L和0.025~2mg/L,相关系数在0.9998~0.9999之间,检出限(S/N=3)分别为0.024mg/L、0.020mg/L和0.019mg/L。三个水平的加标回收率在72.6%~99.1%之间,其相对标准偏差均小于6.62%。该方法简单、快速、准确,可用于实际样品的测定。     

Saponification then GC for Determination of Irganox 1010 and Irganox 1076 in a Polymer Matrix

A gas chromatographic method has been established for determination of Irganox 1010 and 1076 after saponification. The analytes were saponified with methanolic potassium hydroxide, acidified with hydrochloric acid, and the solvent was removed by rotary evaporation. The dry residue was dissolved in xylene and analyzed by GC with flame-ionization detector (FID). Compounds were separated on a polar (Carbowax 20 M) capillary column and nitrogen was used as carrier gas and make-up gas. This method has a relatively large linear dynamic range, 50–3,000 and 100–1,600 mg L⁻¹ for Irganox 1010 and 1076, respectively, and limits of detection (LOD) were 20 and 40 mg L⁻¹, respectively. The effect of conditions such as saponification temperature, and concentration and volume of potassium hydroxide were studied.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定聚合物食品包装材料中8种添加剂

建立了同时测定聚合物食品包装材料中8种常用添加剂Irgafos 168、Irganox 1010、Irganox 1076、丁基羟基茴香醚（BHA）、没食子酸丙酯（PG）、没食子酸十二酯（DG）、叔丁基对苯二酚（TBHQ）和苯三唑甲酚（UV-326）的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱方法。试样以二氯甲烷为溶剂进行超声提取;采用Waters BEH-C18柱（50 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μm）分离,以0.05%甲酸水溶液和甲醇为流动相进行梯度洗脱;采用电喷雾离子源正、负离子切换模式和多反应监测模式进行检测。8种添加剂在相应的质量浓度范围内定量离子的峰面积与质量浓度均呈良好线性关系（相关系数R²均大于0.993）,回收率为63.9%~127.0%,相对标准偏差（RSD,n=6）≤15.8%,检出限（S/N=3）为0.13~5.50 μg/L,定量限（S/N=10）为0.45~17.50 μg/L。该方法简便快捷、灵敏度高,适合食品包装材料中常用添加剂的分析测定。     

Solvent exchange using hollow fiber prior to separation and determination of some antioxidants by high performance liquid chromatography

This study presents a simple and rapid solvent exchange procedure using a hollow fiber. Antioxidants (Irganox 1010, Irganox 1076 and Irgafos 168) and solvents such as tetrahydrofuran (THF), carbon tetrachloride and toluene were selected as model compounds and sample solvents, respectively. After injection of the sample solution into the hollow fiber and solvent evaporation, the precipitated analytes in lumen and pores of the fiber were washed with methanol (the mobile phase for separation and determination by HPLC-diode array detection) and good chromatographic peaks were obtained. The effect of different parameters such as fiber length, volumes of sample and washing solvents were investigated and the optimum conditions were selected. The repeatability of the method was tested and it was found that the relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) was less than 10% for all analytes. Also enrichment factors of 3.03, 2.21 and 1.19 times were obtained for Irganox 1010, Irganox 1076 and Irgafos 168, respectively, when 200 μL sample and 50 μL methanol (washing solvent) were used.     

全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱法测定塑料中50种高关注物质

该文建立了塑料制品中50种高关注物质(24种多环芳烃、17种邻苯二甲酸酯类塑化剂、3种烷基酚、4种苯并三唑类紫外稳定剂、1种卡拉花醛香料和1种磷酸三(2-氯乙基)酯残余化学物)的全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱(GC×GC-TOF MS)检测方法。样品裁剪后经甲醇超声萃取,萃取液氮吹浓缩至2 mL,用GC×GC-TOF MS检测,飞行时间质谱定性,外标法定量。结果显示,50种高关注物质在0.05~15 mg/L质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r2)不低于0.990 4,方法的检出限(LOD)和定量下限(LOQ)分别为0.04~5.96 mg/kg和0.05~13.39 mg/kg,在低、中、高3个加标浓度下的回收率为80.0%~121%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为1.1%~13%。将该方法用于实际样品检测,检出邻苯二甲酸酯和多环芳烃。方法准确、高效,可同时实现50种高关注物质的筛查和确证。     

耐辐射致色聚烯烃的研究

研究了在γ射线辐照条件下受阻胺光稳定剂 (简称HALS)、各种抗氧剂对聚丙烯 (PP)和聚乙烯 (PE)的黄度 (YI)的影响。结果表明五甲基HALS比相应的四甲基HALS更能有效地阻止聚烯烃的辐射致色。抗氧剂Irganox 10 76比Irgafos16 8或IrganoxPS 80 2更有效。当抗氧剂和HALS并用时显示出协同效应 ,10 76和PDS并用时聚丙烯的黄度比单独添加 10 76或PDS的聚丙烯的黄度都低。     

Quantitation of antioxidants in water samples using ionic liquid dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection

A simple and efficient method, ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV), has been applied for the extraction and determination of some antioxidants (Irganox 1010, Irganox 1076 and Irgafos 168) in water samples. The microextraction efficiency factors were investigated and optimized: 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [C(6)MIM][PF(6)] (0.06 g) as extracting solvent, methanol (0.5 mL) as disperser solvent without salt addition. Under the selected conditions, enrichment factors up to 48-fold, limits of detection (LODs) of 5.0-10.0 ng/mL and dynamic linear ranges of 25-1500 ng/mL were obtained. A reasonable repeatability (RSD≤11.8%, n=5) with satisfactory linearity (r(2)≥0.9954) of the results illustrated a good performance of the presented method. The accuracy of the method was tested by the relative recovery experiments on spiked samples, with results ranging from 85 to 118%. Finally, the method was successfully applied for determination of the analytes in several real water samples.     

Separation of hydrophobic polymer additives by microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography

Microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography (MEEKC) has been applied to the separation of some phenolic antioxidants [Irganox 1024, Irganox 1035, Irganox 1076, Irganox 1010, Irganox 1330, Irgafos 138, Irganox 168 and 2,6-di-tert.-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT)]. Due to the extremely hydrophobic nature of these analytes, they could not be separated using standard MEEKC conditions and two alternative approaches were investigated. Using an acidic buffer (phosphate, pH 2.5) to effectively suppress the electroosmotic flow, the addition of 2-propanol to the aqueous phase of the microemulsion buffer to improve partitioning of the analytes, and a negative separation voltage, separation of five of the analytes in under 10 min was possible. The second approach, using a basic buffer (borate, pH 9.2) and a positive separation voltage resulted in complete resolution of all eight analytes. A mixed surfactant system comprising the anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and neutral Brij 35 was used to reduce the overall charge and with it the mobility of the droplets, and hence the separation time. Using an optimised MEEKC buffer consisting of 2.25% (w/w) SDS, 0.75% (w/w) Brij 35, 0.8% (w/w) n-octane, 6.6% (w/w) 1-butanol, 25% (w/w) 2-propanol and 64.6% (w/w) 10 mM borate buffer (pH 9.2) the eight target analytes were baseline separated in under 25 min. For these analytes, MEEKC was found to be superior to micellar electrokinetic chromatography in every respect. Specifically, the solubility of the analytes was better, the selectivity was more favourable, the analysis time was shorter and the separation efficiency was up to 72% higher when using the MEEKC method. Detection limits from 5.4 to 26 microg/ml were obtained and the calibration plot was linear over more than one order of magnitude. The optimised method could be applied to the determination of Irganox 1330 and Irganox 1010 in polypropylene.     

液相色谱-串联质谱法检测食品中的多种易滥用着色剂

建立了硬糖、果酱、液态奶、果汁中酸性红52、红色2G、喹啉黄、专利蓝、酸性红26、柠檬黄、靛蓝、胭脂红、诱惑红、日落黄、亮蓝、苋菜红等12种易滥用着色剂残留量的液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法。样品用水溶液稀释提取,经聚酰胺固相萃取柱净化后,在Agilent XDB-C18色谱柱分离,以20 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液和乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱。质谱采用电喷雾负离子(ESI~)模式电离,多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,基质匹配标准溶液外标法定量。易滥用着色剂在0.5～50 mg/L范围内呈线性相关,相关系数(r)均大于0.99,其定量限(信噪比大于10)为0.5 mg/kg,检出限(信噪比大于3)为0.1 mg/kg。各种基质样品在0.5、5和50 mg/kg添加水平时,易滥用着色剂的回收率范围为62.6%～115.3%,相对标准偏差(RSDs)为2.6%～26.3%,可以满足食品中易滥用着色剂含量的检测需要。     

Identification of degradation products of antioxidants in polyolefins by liquid chromatography combined with atmospheric pressure photoionisation mass spectrometry

Round robin tests have revealed the trend that the concentration of stabilizers in polyolefins is usually underestimated. However, it is still unclear whether this underestimation is due to systematic errors of the analysis procedures or to degradation of the stabilizers during the production of the round robin sample itself. Within the present work, the degradation pathways of six common antioxidants (ADK Stab AO-60, Everfos 168, Kinox 30, Irganox 3114, Irganox 1076, and Cyanox 1790) were investigated. Methods based on high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection or hyphenated with mass spectrometry (employing either an ion trap or a quadrupole/time-of-flight instrument) were developed, whereby the suitability of atmospheric pressure photoionisation was studied and compared with the performance of more established ionisation techniques like electrospray ionisation and atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation. While ADK Stab, Kinox 30, Everfos 168, and Irganox 1076 turned out to be thermally stable at 115 °C, Irganox 3114 and Cyanox 1790 were partly degraded by oxidation. In the presence of talcum, which is a widely used inorganic filler for polyolefins, additional degradation reactions such as the cleavage of ester bonds and the loss of tert-butyl groups were observed at elevated temperature.     

Comprehensive on-line HPLC-GC for screening potential migrants from polypropylene into food: The effect of pulsed light decontamination as an example

High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for the fractionation of extracts from polypropylene (PP) films and coupled on-line to gas chromatography (GC) with automated transfer of the complete HPLC fractions (comprehensive on-line HPLC-GC, i.e. HPLCxGC). Flame ionization detection (FID) was used for the estimation of concentrations, mass spectrometry (MS) for identification work. This method was applied to investigate whether pulsed light (PL) treatment for the microbiological decontamination of polypropylene packaging materials produces reaction products requiring an evaluation to meet regulatory requirements. To demonstrate the safety of PL treatments with regard to the formation of reaction products, i.e. that no component is formed that could endanger human health, basically comprehensive analysis of components potentially migrating into food is required, but comprehensiveness cannot be proven and remains an approximation. The threshold concentration in the film was estimated either from the conventional European non-detection limit of 0.01 mg/kg food or the concept of the threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) for an unknown substance, i.e. an exposure to 0.15 μg per person and day. PL treatment of the films containing Irgafos 168 produced several new components exceeding these limits, i.e. a toxicological safety assessment would probably be required. No such peaks were detected for Tinuvin 326, Irganox 1076 and Chimassorb 81. No degradation of the polymer was detected.