外压下VN相变和力学性质的第一性原理研究

运用基于赝势平面波基组的密度泛函程序VASP并结合Quantum ESPRESSO,Phonopy软件包对压力下VN的结构、力学性质、声子色散关系进行了第一性原理的研究.分别对NaCl型（B1）,CsCl型（B2）,WC型（Bh）三种构型的VN进行了计算,三种结构的体积能量曲线、焓压关系和声子谱表明在常压下六角WC结构与立方结构相比更稳定.随着压力增加VN由Bh结构到B1结构的相变点发生在30GPa左右,而B1结构到B2结构的相变点可能发生在150GPa左右.常压下三种结构的VN是力学稳定的,其弹性常数和弹性模量都有随压强的增大而增加的趋势,三者都是脆性材料.B1结构和B2结构坐标基矢方向上的杨氏模量数值与体对角线方向上的差距较大,体现出明显的各向异性.随压力的增加B1结构各向异性程度增大而B2结构各向异性程度减小     

Physical properties of tetragonal transition-metal borides Nb2MB2 (M = Mo,W, Re or Os) with a new superstructure

The mechanical and thermodynamic properties, chemical bonding characteristics and electronic structure of Nb₂MB₂ (M = Mo, W, Re or Os) with a new tetragonal U₃Si₂-type superstructure (space group P4/mnc, no. 128) were studied by means of density functional theory calculations. All Nb₂MB₂ structures studied were demonstrated to be thermodynamically and mechanically stable. The bulk, shear and Young's moduli, Poisson's ratio, Debye temperature and anisotropy factors were derived for ideal polycrystalline Nb₂MB₂ aggregates. Among these compounds, Nb₂WB₂ was found to have the highest shear modulus and hardness. The electronic densities of state and electronic localization function analysis revealed the metallicity and strong covalent B–B, Nb–B and M−B bonding in Nb₂MB₂. Moreover, these results reveal that the covalence between Nb 4d, M nd (n = 4 for Mo and 5 for W, Re and Os) and B 2p states is the cause of the relatively higher elastic modulus and hardness of the Nb-based compounds. Finally, thermodynamic properties, including the bulk modulus, heat capacity and thermal expansion coefficient of Nb₂WB₂ were obtained systematically under high temperature and pressure.     

The stable CaBe2Ge2 structures in antimonide compounds ATM2Sb2 (A = Ca, Sr, Ba; TM = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu): A first-principles study

We have investigated the structural properties of 3d transition metal antimonide compounds ATM₂Sb₂ by first-principles calculations. We find that the calcium-based CaNi₂Sb₂, the strontium-based SrNi₂Sb₂, SrCu₂Sb₂, and the barium-based BaCu₂Sb₂ are stable in the CaBe₂Ge₂-type structure. All the other compounds are stable in the ThCr₂Si₂-type structure. SrCo₂Sb₂ in the ThCr₂Si₂-type structure has specifically ferromagnetic preference. The stable compounds in the CaBe₂Ge₂-type structure have strong interlayer interactions. Although the stable stacking structures are different, all the Fe-based compounds have the stripe-like antiferromagnetic ground states. The Co-based compounds have the ferromagnetic ground states. The Ni-based and Cu-based compounds have the nonmagnetic ground states.     

高压下不同结构的Zr3N4合金结构和弹性性质的第一性原理计算

用基于平面波赝势密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法研究了高压下空间群为I4-3D,Pna21和Pnam的三种结构的Zr3N4的弹性性质,获得了这三种物质在高压下的体弹模量B,剪切模量G,杨氏模量E,泊松比,B/G等力学性质。结果表明,在高压下这三种结构的Zr3N4都是保持力学稳定的,且这三种结构的Zr3N4在各个方向的可压缩性是各向异性的。三种结构的Zr3N4对应的体弹模量,剪切模量和杨氏模量都是随着压强的增大而增大。其中空间群为I4-3D的Zr3N4有最好的抵抗体积压缩,变形和线性压缩的能力。泊松比和B/G的数据表明三种结构在此压强范围内均有较好的延展性,高压下空间群为Pna21和Pnam的Zr3N4延展性更好。研究结论对理论研究和实验有一定参考价值。     

Phase stability and temperature effect in ScX (X=S,Se and Te) compounds

Based on first-principles calculations, the structural stability and temperature effect in ScX (X=S, Se and Te) compounds are studied with three typical structures of B1 (NaCl-type), hcp (NiAs-type) and β-hcp (inverse Li₂O₂-type). Their dynamic stability has been verified using phonon mode analysis and molecular dynamics simulations. From the total energy calculations, we find that the most stable ground state structures are B1 for ScS, and hcp for ScSe and ScTe, respectively. Moreover, structural stabilities at finite temperature are studied with the combination of phonon dependent dynamics analysis and first-principles calculations, which reveals a phase transition from hcp to B1 in ScSe around 230 K and a phase transition from hcp to β-hcp in ScTe around 460 K, in accordance with experimental findings. The energy barrier and pathway along the phase transformation from hcp to β-hcp ScTe are also calculated and analyzed by the solid-state nudged elastic band method.     

First principles study of structural stability,electronic structure and mechanical properties of ReN and TcN

The crystal structure, structural stability, electronic and mechanical properties of ReN and TcN are investigated using first principles calculations. We have considered five different crystal structures: NaCl, zinc blende (ZB), NiAs, tungsten carbide (WC) and wurtzite (WZ). Among these ZB phase is found to be the lowest energy phase for ReN and TcN at normal pressure. Pressure induced structural phase transitions from ZB to WZ phase at 214 GPa in ReN and ZB to NiAs phase at 171 GPa in TcN are predicted. The electronic structure reveals that both ReN and TcN are metallic in nature. The computed elastic constants indicate that both the nitrides are mechanically stable. As ReN in NiAs phase has high bulk and shear moduli and low Poisson's ratio, it is found to be a potential ultra incompressible super hard material.     

Al_3X(X=Zr、Ti、Ce、Er)化合物的第一性原理研究

基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算方法,对Al_3X(X=Zr、Ti、Ce、Er)化合物生成焓、结合能、态密度、力学性能进行了计算.生成焓、结合能的计算结果表明:Al_3X(X=Zr、Ti、Ce、Er)化合物中,Al_3Zr最易形成,Al_3Ce则最难形成,计算所得的结合能均为负值,化合物具有热力学稳定性,其中Al_3Zr的热力学稳定性最好,Al_3Er则最差.态密度结果分析:Al_3X(X=Zr、Ti、Ce、Er)化合物在费米能级处态密度不为0,表现出金属特性,通过赝能隙大小判断出它们的共价性具有如下关系:Al_3ZrAl_3TiAl_3CeAl_3Er,这与Al-3s、3p电子分别与Zr-4d,Ti-3d,Ce-5d、4f,Er-4f轨道电子具有较为明显的轨道杂化作用有关.力学性能计算结果表明:Al_3Ti、Al_3Zr抵抗体积变形、剪切变形的能力、刚度较Al_3Er、Al_3Ce大.由于Al_3Zr、Al_3Ti、Al_3Ce、Al_3Er具有一定共价性,共价键为方向性键,不利于塑性变形,因此它们均表现为脆性材料. Al_3Zr、Al_3Ti、Al_3Ce、Al_3Er本征维氏硬度大小排序为:Al_3TiAl_3ZrAl_3ErAl_3Ce.     

First principles study of the structural,electronic, mechanical and superconducting properties of WX (X=C,N)

The structural, electronic, mechanical and superconducting properties of tungsten carbide (WC) and tungsten nitride (WN) are investigated using first principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT). The computed ground state properties, such as equilibrium lattice constant and cell volume, are in good agreement with the available experimental data. A pressure induced structural phase transition is observed in both tungsten carbide and nitride, from a tungsten carbide phase (WC) to a zinc blende phase (ZB), and from a zinc blende phase (ZB) to a wurtzite phase (WZ). The electronic structure reveals that these materials are metallic at ambient conditions. The calculated elastic constants obey the Born-Huang criteria, suggesting that they are mechanically stable at normal and high pressure. Also, the superconducting transition temperature is estimated for the WC and WN in stable structures at atmospheric pressure.     

Structural and anisotropic elastic properties of hexagonal MP (M = Ti,Zr, Hf) monophosphides determined by first-principles calculations

First-principles calculations were performed to investigate the structural properties, phase stabilities, elastic properties and thermal conductivities of MP (M = Ti, Zr, Hf) monophosphides. These monophosphides are thermodynamically and mechanically stable. Values for the bulk modulus B, shear modulus G, Young’s modulus E and Poisson’s ratio ν were calculated by Voigt–Reuss–Hill approximation. The mechanical anisotropy was discussed via several anisotropy indices and three-dimensional (3D) surface constructions. The order of elastic anisotropy is ZrP > HfP > TiP. The minimum thermal conductivities of these monophosphides were investigated using Clarke’s model and Cahill’s model. The results revealed that these monophosphides are suitable for use as thermal insulating materials and that their minimum thermal conductivities are anisotropic.     

Structural parameters, electronic structures, elastic stiffness and thermal properties of M2PC (M=V, Nb, Ta)

Using pseudo-potential plane-wave method based on the density functional theory in conjunction with the generalized gradient approximation, structural parameters, electronic structures, elastic stiffness and thermal properties of M₂PC, with M=V, Nb, Ta, were studied. The optimized zero pressure geometrical parameters are in good agreement with the available results. Pressure effect, up to 20 GPa, on the lattice parameters was investigated. Electronic properties are studied throughout the calculation of densities of states and band structures. The elastic constants and their pressure dependence were predicted using the static finite strain technique. We performed numerical estimations of the bulk modulus, shear modulus, Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio and average sound velocity for ideal polycrystalline M₂PC aggregates in framework of the Voigt-Reuss-Hill approximation. We estimated the Debye temperature and the theoretical minimum thermal conductivity of M₂PC.     

High pressure effect on structural and mechanical properties of some LnO (Ln=Sm, Eu, Yb) compounds

The structural and mechanical properties of LnO (Ln=Sm, Eu, Yb) compounds have been investigated using a modified interionic potential theory, which includes the effect of Coulomb screening. We predicted a structural phase transition from NaCl (B₁)- to CsCl (B₂)-type structure and elastic properties in LnO compounds at very high pressure. The anomalous properties of these compounds have been correlated in terms of the hybridisation of f-electrons of the rare earth ion with conduction band and strong mixing of f-states of lanthanides with the p-orbital of neighbouring chalcogen ion. For EuO, the calculated transition pressure, bulk modulus and lattice parameter are close to the experimental data. The nature of bonds between the ions is predicted by simulating the ion-ion (Ln-Ln and Ln-O) distances at high pressure. The second order elastic constants along with shear modulus and Young's modulus, elastic anisotropy and Poisson's ratio are also presented for these oxides.     

Structural, thermodynamic and mechanical properties of Zr-based binary nanowires (ZrCu and Zr2Ni) by molecular dynamics

We present molecular dynamics simulation results of two representative cases of nanowires (NWs) of binary alloys, a glass former (ZrCu) and an alloy that becomes amorphous under chemical substitution of its elements (Zr₂Ni). The simulations were based on semiempirical potential models in analogy to the tight-binding scheme in the second moment approximation. We explored the structural characteristics of NWs of various sizes, and we determined several quantities like melting points, strain–stress curves and Young's modulus. We found that for all NWs, the Zr terminations are energetically favored, while Zr₂Ni NWs adopt rounded cross-sectional shapes and ZrCu, octagonal. From the obtained results, it is established that most of the NW properties differ substantially from those exhibited by their bulk counterparts; e.g., lower melting points and greater yield strengths, while under tensile strain they exhibit clear brittle character. In addition, it is found that their mechanical response to deformation is not very sensitive to the imposed strain rates.     

First-principles calculations of structural stability,elastic, dynamical and thermodynamic properties of SiGe,SiSn, GeSn

A first-principles calculations, based on the norm-conserving pseudopotentials and the density functional theory (DFT) and the density functional perturbation theory (DFPT) as implemented in the ABINIT code, have been performed to investigate the structural stability, elastic, lattice dynamic and thermodynamic properties of the ordered SiGe, SiSn and GeSn cubic alloy in zinc-blende (B3) structure. The calculated lattice parameters and bulk modulus agree with the previous results. The second-order elastic constants have been calculated and other related quantities such as the Young’s modulus, shear modulus, anisotropy factor are also estimated. We also obtain the data of lattice dynamics and the temperature dependent properties currently lacking for SiGe, SiSn and GeSn. Findings are also presented for the temperature-dependent behaviors of some thermodynamic properties such as the internal energy, Helmholtz free energy, entropy and heat capacity.     

Ti掺杂对高熵合金FeCrVMoTix(x=0-1)结构和力学性能的影响

采用第一性原理方法研究了Ti对高熵合金FeCrVMoTi_x结构、弹性和塑性的影响.分别用混合焓、原子尺寸差、价电子浓度、相对熵效应和结合能评价FeCrVMoTi_x结构的稳定性,研究发现BCC型的FeCrVMoTi_x在x=0.0-0.9范围内都是结构稳定的.另外,弹性和塑性的计算发现,块体模量随Ti的增加而线性减小.剪切模量和杨氏模量首先随x的增加而变大,然后达到最大值,最后随x的进一步增加而快速减小. Ti的掺杂有助于提高FeCrVMoTi_x的屈服强度和抗拉强度,其中FeCrVMoTi_0.57的拉伸性能最好.热力学的计算表明压强能够抑制FeCrVMoTi_0.57的体膨胀系数,并增强其德拜温度.     

Electronic,mechanical, phase transition,and thermo-physical properties of TMC (TM = V,Nb, and Ta): high pressure ab initio study

The structural, electronic, mechanical, phase transition, and thermo-physical properties of refractory carbides, viz. VC, NbC, and TaC have been computed in stable B1 and high pressure B2 phases by means of two different ab initio calculations using pseudo- and full-potential schemes. These materials have mixed covalent-, metallic-, and ionic-type bonding. The calculations of elastic constants show the mechanical stability of these materials in B1 phase only. The brittle nature and anisotropy is observed in these materials in B1 phase. Non-central forces are present in both the phases. Elastic wave velocities and Debye temperature have also been calculated. The present results on structural, phase transition, elastic, and other properties are in reasonably good agreement with the available experimental and theoretical data. The calculations in high pressure phase need experimental verification.     

Structural,electronic and mechanical properties of alkaline earth metal oxides MO (M=Be,Mg, Ca,Sr, Ba)

The structural, electronic and mechanical properties of alkaline earth metal oxides MO (M=Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) in the cubic (B1, B2 and B3) phases and in the wurtzite (B4) phase are investigated using density functional theory calculations as implemented in VASP code. The lattice constants, cohesive energy, bulk modulus, band structures and the density of states are computed. The calculated lattice parameters are in good agreement with the experimental and the other available theoretical results. Electronic structure reveals that all the five alkaline earth metal oxides exhibit semiconducting behavior at zero pressure. The estimated band gaps for the stable wurtzite phase of BeO is 7.2 eV and for the stable cubic NaCl phases of MgO, CaO, SrO and BaO are 4.436 eV, 4.166 eV, 4.013 eV, and 2.274 eV respectively. A pressure induced structural phase transition occurs from wurtzite (B4) to NaCl (B1) phase in BeO at 112.1 GPa and from NaCl (B1) to CsCl (B2) phase in MgO at 514.9 GPa, in CaO at 61.3 GPa, in SrO at 42 GPa and in BaO at 14.5 GPa. The elastic constants are computed at zero and elevated pressures for the B4 and B1 phases for BeO and for the B1 and B2 phases in the case of the other oxides in order to investigate their mechanical stability, anisotropy and hardness. The sound velocities and the Debye temperatures are calculated for all the oxides using the computed elastic constants.     

过渡金属TM(V,Cr,Mn)掺杂ZnS的电子结构和磁性

采用基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的第一性原理赝势平面波方法,对过渡金属V、Cr、Mn掺杂ZnS的超晶胞体系进行了几何结构优化,计算了晶格常数、电子结构与磁学性质.研究结果表明:掺入V,Cr后,ZnS表现出明显的半金属性,而掺入Mn后,半金属性不明显;掺入过渡金属TM(V,Cr,Mn)后系统产生的磁矩主要有杂质的3d态电子贡献,且磁矩的大小与过渡金属的电子排布有关.     

(Zr,V)N复合膜的结构、力学性能及摩擦性能研究

通过非平衡磁控溅射的方法制备了不同V含量的(Zr,V)N复合薄膜, 采用EDS, XRD, XPS, 纳米压痕仪和摩擦磨损仪等对薄膜的化学成分、微结构、力学性能及摩擦性能进行了研究. 结果表明, V的加入虽未改变ZrN的fcc晶体结构, 但使薄膜的择优取向由ZrN的(200)面转变为(Zr,V)N的(111)面. 随着V含量增加, (Zr,V)N复合膜的硬度略有升高后缓慢降低, 并在含25.8 at.%V后迅速降低. 与此同时, 薄膜的常温摩擦系数亦有小幅降低. 高温摩擦研究表明, (Zr,V)N薄膜在300 ℃时出现V₂O₃, V₂O₅ 在500 ℃后形成, 其含量也随温度的提高而增加. 薄膜的摩擦系数因V₂O₅ 的形成而得到显著降低. 关键词： (Zr,V)N 薄膜 微结构 力学性能 摩擦性能     

First-principles studies of structural,mechanical, electronic,optical properties and pressure-induced phase transition of CuInO2 polymorph

Using the first-principles density-functional theory within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA), we have investigated the structural, elastic, mechanical, electronic, and optical properties and phase transition of CuInO₂. Structural parameters including lattice constants and internal parameter, pressure effects and phase transition pressure were calculated. We have obtained the elastic coefficients, bulk modulus, shear modulus, Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio. We find that two phases of CuInO₂ are indirect band gap semiconductors (F–Γ and H–Γ for 3R and 2H, respectively). Optical properties, including the dielectric function, refractive index, extinction coefficient, reflectivity, absorption coefficient, loss function and optical conductivity have been obtained for radiations of up to 30 eV.     

(Nd1－xErx)2Co15.5V1.5的结构转变与磁性

利用电弧熔炼制备了(Nd1-xErx)2Co15.5V1.5（x=0—1.0）化合物样品.通过x射线衍射分析和磁性测量研究了Er替代Nd2Co15.5V1.5中的Nd时对化合物结构和磁性的影响.研究结果表明，低Er含量（x<0.4），化合物为Th2Zn17型结构；高Er含量时(x>0.)，化合物转变为Th2Ni17结构；Er含量为x＝0.4和0.5时，两种结构共存.两种结构的晶胞参数a,c和晶胞体积V随着Er含量的增加都呈现递减的趋势.随着Er含量的增加，(Nd1-xErx)2Co15.5V1.5化合物的 关键词： (Nd1-xErx)2Co15.5V1.5 结构转变 磁性