Tunable dual-band infrared chiral metamaterials based on double-layered asymmetric U-shape split ring resonators

We have numerically demonstrated chiral metamaterials based on double-layered asymmetric U-shape split ring resonators. Dual-band circular dichroism is found in the whole frequency regime from 50 to 250 THz by studying the transmission properties. Huge optical activity and the induced negative refractive index are obtained at resonance by calculating the optical activity and ellipticity of the transmitted E-fields. Chirality parameter and effective refractive index are retrieved to illustrate the tunable optical properties of the metamaterials. The underlying mechanisms for the observed circular dichroism are analyzed. These metamaterials would offer flexible electromagnetic applications in the infrared regime.     

圆二色性对旋光现象的影响

分析旋光活性物质的圆二色性对旋光现象的影响,给出了一种测量介质圆二色性的方法。     

Enhanced circular dichroism based on the dual-chiral metamaterial in terahertz regime

The obvious circular dichroism(CD) and optical activity can be obtained based on the chiral metamaterial due to the plasmon-enhanced effect, which is very attractive for future compact devices with enhanced capabilities of light manipulation. In this paper, we propose a dual-chiral metamaterial composed of bilayer asymmetric split ring resonators(ASRR)that are in mirror-symmetry shape. It is demonstrated that the CD can get enhancement in the terahertz regime. Moreover,the CD can be further improved by modulating the asymmetry of ASRR. The enhanced CD effect in the terahertz regime has great potential applications in sensing, biomedical imaging, and molecular recognition.     

Second-harmonic generation circular dichroism spectroscopy from tripod-like chiral molecular films

The second-harmonic generation (SHG) circular dichroism in the light of reflection from chiral films of tripod-like chiral molecules is investigated.The expressions of the second-harmonic generation circular dichroism are derived from our presented three-coupled-oscillator model for the tripod-like chiral molecules.Spectral dependence of the circular dichroism of SHG from film surface composed of tripod-like chiral molecules is simulated numerically and analysed.Influence of chiral parameters on the second-harmonic generation circular dichroism spectrum in chiral films is studied.The result shows that the second-harmonic generation circular dichroism is a sensitive method of detecting chirality compared with the ordinary circular dichroism in linear optics.All of our work indicates that the classical molecular models are very effective to explain the second-harmonic generation circular dichroism of chiral molecular system.The classical molecular model theory can give us a clear physical picture and brings us very instructive information about the link between the molecular configuration and the nonlinear processes.     

A linear-to-circular polarization converter based on I-shaped circular frequency selective surfaces

In this paper, a linear-to-circular polarization converter using a three-layer frequency selective surface based on Ishaped circular structure resonant is presented and investigated. Numerical simulations exhibit that when the normal ypolarized waves impinge on this device propagating towards +z direction, the two orthogonal components of the transmitted waves have a 90° phase difference as well as the nearly equal amplitudes at the resonant frequency of 7.04 GHz, which means that the left-hand circular polarization is realized in transmission. For validating the proposed design, a prototype which consists of 25 × 25 elements has been designed, manufactured and measured. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulated ones, showing that the polarization conversion transmission is over-3 dB in the frequency range of 5.22–8.08 GHz and the axial ratio is below 3 dB from 5.86 GHz to 7.34 GHz.     

Interaction of fisetin with human serum albumin by fluorescence, circular dichroism spectroscopy and DFT calculations: binding parameters and conformational changes

The interaction between fisetin, an antioxidant and neuroprotective flavonoid, and human serum albumin (HSA) is investigated by means of fluorescence (steady-state, synchronous, time-resolved) and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. The formation of a 1:1 complex with a constant of about 10⁵ M⁻¹ was evidenced. Förster's resonance energy transfer and competitive binding with site markers warfarin and ibuprofen were considered and discussed. Changes in the CD band of HSA indicate a decrease in the α-helix content upon binding. An induced CD signal for bound fisetin was observed and rationalized in terms of density functional theory calculations.     

电场调控双层石墨烯纳米带的电子结构和光学性质

利用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法,研究了外加电场作用下双层AA堆垛的Armchair边缘石墨烯纳米带(BAGNRs)的电子结构和光学性质. BAGNRs具有半导体特性,其带隙随带宽(宽度为4～12个碳原子)的增加而振荡性减小.当施加电场后,BAGNRs的带隙随着电场强度的增加而逐渐减小,带隙越大对电场值的变化越敏感.当电场值为0.5 V/?时,所有BAGNRs的带隙都为零. BAGNRs具有各向异性的光学性质,其介电函数在垂直极化方向为半导体特性,而在平行极化方向为金属特性.在外加电场的作用下,BAGNRs的介电函数、吸收系数、折射系数、反射系数、电子能量损失系数和光电导率,其峰值向低能量区域移动,即产生红移现象.电场增强了能带间的跃迁几率.纳米带宽度对这些光学性质参数具有不同程度的影响.研究结果解释了电场调控BAGNRs光学性质的规律和微观机理.     

Multi-band circular polarizer based on a twisted triple split-ring resonator

A multi-band circular polarizer using a twisted triple split-ring resonator（TSRR） is presented and studied numerically and experimentally. At four distinct resonant frequencies, the incident linearly polarized wave can be transformed into left/right-handed circularly polarized waves. Numerical simulation results show that a y-polarized wave can be converted into a right-handed circularly polarized wave at 5.738 GHz and 9.218 GHz, while a left-handed circularly polarized wave is produced at 7.292 GHz and 10.118 GHz. The experimental results are in agreement with the numerical results. The surface current distributions are investigated to illustrate the polarization transformation mechanism. Furthermore, the influences of the structure parameters of the circular polarizer on transmission spectra are discussed as well.     

Modeling of circular integrated optical microresonators by 2-D frequency domain coupled mode theory

Circular integrated optical (ring or disk) microresonators are increasingly employed as compact and versatile wavelength filters. In this paper, we investigate a 2-D frequency domain model for these devices, based on spatial coupled mode theory. The microresonators are functionally represented in terms of two couplers with appropriate connections using bent and straight waveguides. The abstract scattering matrices of the couplers and the propagation constants of the cavity bends allow to compute the spectral responses of the resonators. Capitalizing on the availability of rigorous analytical modal solutions for bent waveguides, the constituent bent-straight waveguide couplers are modeled using a spatial coupled mode formalism derived by means of a variational principle. The resulting scattering matrices show reciprocity properties as expected according to the symmetry of the coupler structures. We present results for the spectral response and field examples for microresonators with mono- and multi-modal cavities for TE and TM polarizations. Comparisons with finite difference time domain simulations show very good overall agreement.     

基于极化旋转超表面的圆极化天线设计

本文通过设计出一种反射型极化旋转超表面,在8—12 GHz频域内实现高效的极化旋转,并将其加载于微带缝隙天线下方构成新型的极化旋转超表面天线,利用超表面的90°极化旋转效应,成功实现了天线的圆极化辐射调制.仿真与实验结果表明:圆极化天线的中心工作频率为GHz,阻抗带宽为8.3—10 GHz.当微带缝隙天线与极化旋转超表面的间距H=4.5mm时,天线在8.3—8.8 GHz频带内实现了圆极化辐射;当mm时,天线在8.8—9.3 GHz频带内实现了圆极化辐射;当=8mm时,天线在9.3—10 GHz频带内实现了圆极化辐射.实验结果与仿真结果相符,证明了此种设计方法的有效性,也为微带缝隙天线的圆极化设计提供了一种新的途径.     

X‐Treme beamline at SLS: X‐ray magnetic circular and linear dichroism at high field and low temperature

X‐Treme is a soft X‐ray beamline recently built in the Swiss Light Source at the Paul Scherrer Institut in collaboration with École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne. The beamline is dedicated to polarization‐dependent X‐ray absorption spectroscopy at high magnetic fields and low temperature. The source is an elliptically polarizing undulator. The end‐station has a superconducting 7 T–2 T vector magnet, with sample temperature down to 2 K and is equipped with an in situ sample preparation system for surface science. The beamline commissioning measurements, which show a resolving power of 8000 and a maximum flux at the sample of 4.7 × 10¹² photons s^?1, are presented. Scientific examples showing X‐ray magnetic circular and X‐ray magnetic linear dichroism measurements are also presented.     

Light flux density threshold at which protein denaturation is induced by synchrotron radiation circular dichroism beamlines

New high‐flux synchrotron radiation circular dichroism (SRCD) beamlines are providing important information for structural biology, but can potentially cause denaturation of the protein samples under investigation. This effect has been studied at the new CD1 dedicated SRCD beamline at ISA in Denmark, where radiation‐induced thermal damage effects were observed, depending not only on the radiation flux but also on the focal spot size of the light. Comparisons with similar studies at other SRCD facilities worldwide has lead to the estimation of a flux density threshold under which SRCD beamlines should be operated when samples are to be exposed to low‐wavelength vacuum ultraviolet radiation for extended periods of time.     

双层石墨烯吸附碱金属原子的第一性原理研究

基于密度泛函的第一性原理方法,研究了Li、Na、K和Rb碱金属原子吸附在双层石墨烯(BLG)表面的吸附能、迁移行为、电子性能. 研究发现,Li和Na原子在BLG表面吸附易形成团簇,K和Rb原子能够分散吸附. 碱金属原子在BLG表面的扩散能垒随原子半径的增加而减小. 碱金属原子吸附使电子部分转移至BLG,使体系Fermi能级贯穿导带,表现出金属性. 电荷密度差和电荷转移的分析表明,Li、Na、K和Rb与BLG表面以离子键结合.     

Giant optical activity and circular dichroism in the terahertz region based on bi-layer Y-shaped chiral metamaterial

We present a bi-layer Y-shaped chiral metamaterial (CMM) that can realize a giant optical activity and circular dichroism (CD) effect to the incident linear polarization wave in the terahertz (THz) region. Numerical simulation results exhibit that the pronounced CD effect with a great difference between the transmission coefficients for the circularly polarized waves can be obtained at 5.06 THz, meanwhile the 90°-polarization rotation can be observed at 5.2 THz when a y-polarized wave is incident to this CMM propagating along the −z-axis. The mechanism of the optical activity and giant CD effect is illustrated by simulated surface current distributions. Further, the influences of the structural parameters of the proposed CMM to the optical activity and CD effect have been investigated numerically.     

双层石墨烯吸附碱金属原子的第一性原理研究

基于密度泛函的第一性原理方法,研究了Li、Na、K和Rb碱金属原子吸附在双层石墨烯(BLG)表面的吸附能、迁移行为、电子性能.研究发现,Li和Na原子在BLG表面吸附易形成团簇,K和Rb原子能够分散吸附.碱金属原子在BLG表面的扩散能垒随原子半径的增加而减小.碱金属原子吸附使电子部分转移至BLG,使体系Fermi能级贯穿导带,表现出金属性.电荷密度差和电荷转移的分析表明,Li、Na、K和Rb与BLG表面以离子键结合.     

First observation of natural circular dichroism spectra in the extreme ultraviolet region using a polarizing undulator‐based optical system and its polarization characteristics

Natural circular dichroism (CD) spectra in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) region down to a wavelength of 80 nm have been observed for the first time, using an alanine thin film deposited on sodium salicylate coated glass as a sample. Calibrated EUV‐CD spectra of l ‐alanine exhibited a large negative peak at around 120 nm and a positive CD signal below 90 nm, which were roughly predicted by theoretical calculations. A CD measurement system with an Onuki‐type polarizing undulator was used to obtain the EUV‐CD spectra. This CD system, the development of which took five years, can be used to observe even weak natural CD spectra. The polarization characteristics of this system were also evaluated in order to calibrate the recorded CD spectra.     

Observation of Dresselhaus type spin splitting of zinc blende structure semiconductors by circular dichroic photoemission study

Material family of zinc blende structure semiconductors (ZBSSs) is important for novel technique such as spintronics. A study of the ZBSS spin-splitting structure in momentum space is essential when seeking to understand the exotic properties of the material. The Dresselhaus field predominates in the bulk, but the Rashba field plays important roles in states near the surface. Here, we used circular dichroism in angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (CD-ARPES) to explore the spin-splitting structure of bulk ZBSS in momentum space. The observed structure was well-explained by a Dresselhaus field attributable to the lack of inversion symmetry in ZBSS crystals. We show that CD-ARPES usefully reveals spin-splitting in momentum space. CD-ARPES combined with hard x-ray incident-beam would be useful to investigate the spin-splitting structures of the interface states in the ZBSS heterostructure.     

Circular dichroism beamline B23 at the Diamond Light Source

Synchrotron radiation circular dichroism (SRCD) is a well established technique in structural biology. The first UV‐VIS beamline, dedicated to circular dichroism, at Diamond Light Source Ltd, a third‐generation synchrotron facility in south Oxfordshire, UK, has recently become operational and it is now available for the user community. Herein the main characteristics of the B23 SRCD beamline, the ancillary facilities available for users, and some of the recent advances achieved are summarized.