Dust acoustic waves in collisional uniform dense magnetoplasma

In order to study the characteristics of dust acoustic waves in a uniform dense dusty magnetoplasma system, a nonlinear dynamical equation is deduced using the quantum hydrodynamic model to account for dust–neutral collisions. The linear dispersion relation indicates that the scale lengths of the system are revised by the quantum parameter, and that the wave motion decays gradually leading the system to a stable state eventually. The variations of the dispersion frequency with the dust concentration, collision frequency, and magnetic field strength are discussed. For the coherent nonlinear dust acoustic waves, new analytic solutions are obtained, and it is found that big shock waves and wide explosive waves may be easily produced in the background of high dusty density, strong magnetic field, and weak collision. The relevance of the obtained results is referred to dense dusty astrophysical circumstances.     

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研究了强耦合尘埃等离子体的尘埃声波的线性色散关系和尘埃声孤波的非线性传播。考虑一个包含电子、离子、正电扰动尘埃颗粒的完全电离的三成分模型等离子体。假定其电子、离子数密度服从玻尔兹曼分布,而大质量的尘埃成分用一组经典流体方程描述,对系统方程进行线性化,得到了尘埃声波的线性色散关系,发现离子的集中参数对色散关系的影响很大。用约化摄动法对系统方程进行展开,得到了描述小振幅孤波的伯格斯方程。基于伯格斯方程研究了尘埃声孤波的基本特性,发现尘埃颗粒的强耦合效应对尘埃声孤波有很大的修正作用。该研究结果有助于理解尘埃空间等离子体中局域波的一些特性。     

Dust acoustic shock wave generation due to dust charge variation in a dusty plasma

In a dusty plasma, the non-adiabaticity of the charge variation on a dust grain surface results in an anomalous dissipation. Analytical investigation shows that this results in a small but finite amplitude dust acoustic (DA) wave propagation which is described by the Korteweg-de Vries-Burger equation. Results of the numerical investigation of the propagation of large-amplitude dust acoustic stationary shock wave are presented here using the complete set of non-linear dust fluid equations coupled with the dust charging equation and Poisson equation. The DA waves are of compressional type showing considerable increase of dust density, which is of significant importance in astrophysical context as it leads to enhanced gravitational attraction considered as a viable process for star formation. The DA shock transition to its far downstream amplitude is oscillatory in nature due to dust charge fluctuations, the oscillation amplitude and shock width depending on the ratioω _pd/V_ch and other plasma parameters Article presented at the International Conference on the Frontiers of Plasma Physics and Technology, 9–14 December 2002, Bangalore, India.     

强耦合尘埃等离子体中正电扰动下的尘埃声激波

研究了强耦合尘埃等离子体的尘埃声波的线性色散关系和尘埃声孤波的非线性传播。考虑一个包含电子、离子、正电扰动尘埃颗粒的完全电离的三成分模型等离子体。假定其电子、离子数密度服从玻尔兹曼分布,而大质量的尘埃成分用一组经典流体方程描述,对系统方程进行线性化,得到了尘埃声波的线性色散关系,发现离子的集中参数对色散关系的影响很大。用约化摄动法对系统方程进行展开,得到了描述小振幅孤波的伯格斯方程。基于伯格斯方程研究了尘埃声孤波的基本特性,发现尘埃颗粒的强耦合效应对尘埃声孤波有很大的修正作用。该研究结果有助于理解尘埃空间等离子体中局域波的一些特性。     

不同模态沙尘暴对太赫兹波的衰减分析

太赫兹波空间传输特性研究对于太赫兹波在空间中的应用具有重要意义.为研究太赫兹波在沙尘暴天气中的传输特性,本文根据沙尘粒子尺度的对数正态分布,应用Mie散射理论和Monte Carlo方法,分析了国内不同地域的六种干沙模态沙尘暴对1—10 THz频段太赫兹波的衰减特性,给出了消光参量和衰减率与频率的关系.结果表明,随着频率的增大,1—10 THz频段太赫兹波的衰减率呈先增加后减小的趋势,沙尘暴的模态不同,太赫兹波衰减较强的频段范围有所不同.为了分析沙粒含水量对太赫兹波传输衰减的影响,计算了不同尺寸的沙尘粒子3个效率因子与含水量的关系,发现粒子尺寸不同,含水量对消光的影响也不同;应用Monte Carlo方法计算了两种湿沙模态的沙尘暴对1—10 THz频段太赫兹波的衰减,给出了衰减率与含水量及频率的关系.结果表明,随沙粒含水量增大,沙尘暴对太赫兹波衰减较强的频段向低频方向移动,含水量小于5%时,太赫兹波衰减率随含水量增大显著增强,湿度较大的沙尘暴天气对太赫兹波的传输衰减影响更大.     

Effects of the dust size distribution in one-dimensional quantum dusty plasma

The effects of the dust size distribution in ultracold quantum dusty plasmas are investigated. The amplitude φ_m and width ω of quantum dust acoustic waves are studied with different dust size distributions in the system. The φ_m and ω of the quantum dust acoustic waves are found to increase as the total number density increases. The φ_m and ω are greater for unusual dusty plasmas than for typical dusty plasmas. Moreover, as the Fermi temperature of the dust grains increases, the φ_m of the wave decreases. The ω of quantum dust acoustic waves increases as the speed u₀ of the wave increases.     

Ultra-compact terahertz switch with graphene ring resonators

We propose and numerically demonstrate a compact terahertz wave switch which is composed of two graphene waveguides and three graphene ring resonators. Changing the bias voltage of the Fermi level in the center graphene ring, the resonant mode can be tuned when the plasmon waves in the waveguides and rings are coupled. We theoretically explain their mechanisms as being due to bias voltage change induced carrier density of graphene modification and the coupling coefficients of graphene plasmon effect after carrier density change, respectively. The mechanism of such a terahertz wave switch is further theoretically analyzed and numerically investigated with the aid of the finite element method. With an appropriate design, the proposed device offers the opportunity to ‘tune' the terahertz wave ON–OFF with an ultra-fast, high extinction ratio and compact size. This structure has the potential applications in terahertz wave integrated circuits.     

Effects of dust size distribution in ultracold quantum dusty plasmas

The effect of dust size distribution in ultracold quantum dusty plasmas are investigated in this paper. How the dispersion relation and the propagation velocity for the quantum dusty plasma vary with the system parameters and the different dust distribution are studied. It is found that as the Fermi temperature of the dust grains increases the frequency of the wave increases for large wave number dust acoustic wave. The quantum parameter of H_d also increases the frequency of the large wave number dust acoustic wave. It is also found that the frequency ω₀ and the propagation velocity v₀ of quantum dust acoustic waves all increase as the total number density increases. They are greater for unusual dusty plasmas than those of the usual dusty plasma.     

利用激光超声技术研究表面微裂纹缺陷材料的低通滤波效应

利用激光激发声表面波的理论模型,研究了被激发宽带声表面波在具有表面微裂纹缺陷金属材料上的传播特性.对具有不同形状的表面缺陷模型进行了数值分析.结果表明:表面微裂纹缺陷有明显的低通效应,缺陷深度越大高频截止频率就越低,缺陷深度与低通滤波的截止频率呈近似线性关系;缺陷的宽度增大对表面波透射能量有明显的衰减作用. 关键词： 激光超声 声表面波 有限元方法 低通滤波器     

Multi-function terahertz wave manipulation utilizing Fourier convolution operation metasurface

We propose a novel metasurface based on a combined pattern of outer C-shaped ring and inner rectangular ring. By Fourier convolution operation to generating different predesigned sequences of metasurfaces, we realize various functionalities to flexible manipulate terahertz waves including vortex terahertz beam splitting, anomalous vortex terahertz wave deflection, vortex terahertz wave splitting and deflection simultaneously. The incident terahertz wave can be flexibly controlled in a single metasurface. The designed metasurface has an extensive application prospect in the field of future terahertz communication and sensing.     

Parametric study of cylindrical and spherical dust ion acoustic shock waves with two temperature electrons in dusty plasma relevant to Saturn's E ring

We have performed numerical analysis of the one-dimensional dynamics of the cylindrical/spherical dust ion acoustic shock waves in unmagnetized dusty plasma consisting of positive ions, immobile dust particles, and nonextensive distributed cold and hot electrons. A multiple-scale expansion method is used to derive Burgers Equation (BE) and modified Burgers equation (MBE) by including higher order nonlinearity. The basic characteristics of the shock waves have been analysed numerically and graphically for different physical parameters relevant to Saturn' E ring through 2D figures. The parametric dependence of dust ion acoustic shock waves on some plasma parameters nonextensive index, density, and temperature of cold and hot electrons, concentration of dust particles, thermal effects and kinematic viscosity of ions is explored. Furthermore, it is found that the nonplanar geometry effects have an important impact on the establishment of shock waves. The amplitude of the wave decreases faster as one departs away from the axis of the cylinder or centre of the sphere. Such decaying behaviour continues as time progresses. It is also found that an increasing dust concentration decreases the amplitude of the dust ion acoustic shock waves.     

基于Rayleigh-Bloch模式的单层结构弯曲声波导

基于一维声栅中的Rayleigh-Bloch(RB)模式基本特点,设计了一种单层结构弯曲声波导.利用有限元方法从时域和频域两方面验证了弯曲声波导的有效性,RB模式波可以沿着波导的弯曲界面传播.研究发现,由于采用了环形结构基本单元,在该波导中存在两种传播模式,分别对应能量局域在单元间(模式-1)和单元内部(模式-2)两种情况.其中,模式-2声传输效果更佳,几乎可实现无损传输.时域研究中分别采用了调制脉冲和高斯脉冲两种信号形式,分析了它们在弯曲声波导中的传输过程.由于波导中只允许RB模式波传播,因此对于宽频信号来说,可起到滤波的效果.并且,不同模式(频率)的信号会出现在声波导的不同位置,所得结果对于声波定向传输、声探测与识别等研究具有理论与应用价值.     

Effect of viscosity on dust–ion acoustic shock wave in dusty plasma with negative ions

The properties of dust–ion acoustic (DIA) shock wave in a dusty plasma containing positive and negative ions is investigated. The reductive perturbation method has been used to derive the Korteweg–de Vries–Burgers equation for dust acoustic shock waves in a homogeneous, unmagnetized and collisionless plasma whose constituents are Boltzmann distributed electrons, singly charged positive ions, singly charged negative ions and cold static dust particles. The KdV–Burgers equation is derived and its stationary analytical solution is numerically analyzed where the effect of viscosity on the DIA shock wave propagation is taken into account. It is found that the viscosity in the dusty plasma plays as a key role in dissipation for the propagation of DIA shock.     

Higher order contribution to the propagation characteristics of low frequency transverse waves in a dusty plasma

Characteristic features of low frequency transverse wave propagating in a magnetised dusty plasma have been analysed considering the effect of dust-charge fluctuation. The distinctive behaviours of both the left circularly polarised and right circularly polarised waves have been exhibited through the analysis of linear and non-linear dispersion relations. The phase velocity, group velocity, and group travel time for the waves have been obtained and their propagation characteristics have been shown graphically with the variations of wave frequency, dust density and amplitude of the wave. The change in non-linear wave number shift and Faraday rotation angle have also been exhibited with respect to the plasma parameters. It is observed that the effects of dust particles are significant only when the higher order contributions are considered. This may be referred to as the ‘dust regime’ in plasma.     

K-P-Burgers equation in negative ion-rich relativistic dusty plasma including the effect of kinematic viscosity

The stationary solution is obtained for the K–P–Burgers equation that describes the nonlinear propagations of dust ion acoustic waves in a multi-component, collisionless, un-magnetized relativistic dusty plasma consisting of electrons, positive and negative ions in the presence of charged massive dust grains. Here, the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili(K–P) equation, threedimensional(3D) Burgers equation, and K–P–Burgers equations are derived by using the reductive perturbation method including the effects of viscosity of plasma fluid, thermal energy, ion density, and ion temperature on the structure of a dust ion acoustic shock wave(DIASW). The K–P equation predictes the existences of stationary small amplitude solitary wave,whereas the K–P–Burgers equation in the weakly relativistic regime describes the evolution of shock-like structures in such a multi-ion dusty plasma.     

Dispersion of Dust Acoustic Modes and Perturbations of Plasma Flux Balance

Previous considerations of dust acoustic waves is demonstrated to be inconsistent ‐ the required equilibrium state for perturbations was not defined since balance of plasma fluxes was neglecting. The self‐consistent treatment shows that plasma flux perturbations are accompanying any collective waves propagating in dusty plasmas and can play an important role in wave dispersion, wave damping and can create instabilities. This is illustrated by the derivation of dispersion relation for dust acoustic modes taking into account the plasma flux balances and plasma flux perturbations by waves. The result of this approach shows that the dust acoustic waves with linear dependence of wave frequency on the wave number exist only in restricted range of the wave numbers. Only for wave numbers larger than some critical wave number for low frequency modes the frequency can be have approximately a linear dependence on wave number and can be called as dust acoustic wave but the phase velocity of these waves is different from that which can be obtained neglecting the flux balance and depends on grain charge variations which are determined by the balance of fluxes. The presence of plasma fluxes previously neglected is the main typical feature of dusty plasmas. The dispersion relation in the range of small wave numbers is found to be mainly determined by the change of the plasma fluxes and is quite different from that of dust acoustic type, namely it is found to have the same form as the well known dispersion relation for the gravitational instability. This result proves in general way the existence of the collective grain attractions of negatively charged grains for for large distances between them and for any source of ionization. The attraction of grains found from dispersion relation of the dust acoustic branch coincides with that found previously for pair grain interactions using some models for the ionization source. For the existing experiments the effective Jeans length for such attraction is estimated to be about 8 – 10 times larger than the ion Debye length and the effective gravitational constant for the grain attraction is estimated to be several orders of magnitude larger than the usual gravitational constant. The grain attraction at large inter‐grain distances described by the gravitationlike grain instability is considered as the simplest explanation for observed dust cloud clustering, formation of dust structures including the plasma crystals. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Effect of adiabatic variation of dust charges on dust acoustic solitary waves in magnetized dusty plasmas

The effect of dust charging and the influence of its adiabatic variation on dust acoustic waves is investigated. By employing the reductive perturbation technique we derived a Zakharov－Kuznetsov (ZK) equation for small amplitude dust acoustic waves. We have analytically verified that there are only rarefactive solitary waves for this system. The instability region for one-dimensional solitary wave under transverse perturbations has also been obtained. The obliquely propagating solitary waves to the z-direction for the ZK equation are given in this paper as well.     

Lower order three-dimensional Burgers equation having non-Maxwellian ions in dusty plasmas

The dust acoustic(DA) shock wave with dust charge fluctuations, non-Maxwellian ions, and non-isothermal electrons is studied theoretically. The perturbation technique is employed to derive the lower order three-dimensional(3D) Burgers equation, and shock wave solution is explored by the tan-hyperbolic method. The effects of flat trapped and trapped electron distributions in the presence of Maxwellian and non-Maxwellian ions on characteristics shock waves are observed. The temperature ratio of non-Maxwellian ion temperature and non-isothermal electron temperature is found to play an important role in forming the shock-like structure.     

Theory of cavitons in complex plasmas

Nonlinear coupling between Langmuir waves with finite amplitude dispersive dust acoustic perturbations is considered. It is shown that the interaction is governed by a pair of coupled nonlinear differential equations. Numerical results reveal the formation of Langmuir envelope solitons composed of the dust density depression created by the ponderomotive force of bell-shaped Langmuir wave envelops. The associated ambipolar potential is positive. The present nonlinear theory should be able to account for the trapping of large amplitude Langmuir waves in finite amplitude dust density holes. This scenario may appear in Saturn's dense rings, and the Cassini spacecraft should be able to observe fully nonlinear cavitons, as presented herein. Furthermore, we propose that new electron-beam plasma experiments should be conducted to verify our theoretical prediction.     

Laser-excited dust lattice waves in plasma crystals

Laser-excited waves in a two-dimensional dust plasma crystal have been observed experimentally in a parallel plate rf discharge. The measured dispersion relation is compared with theoretical models. Agreement is found with dust lattice waves, whereas deviations from dust acoustic waves exist. From the dispersion relation of a dust lattice wave the screening of the particles in the rf sheath is determined.