Morphology design of porous coordination polymer crystals by coordination modulation

The design of crystal morphology, or exposed crystal facets, has enabled the development (e.g., catalytic activities, material attributes, and oriented film formation) of porous coordination polymers (PCPs) without changing material compositions. However, because crystal growth mechanisms are not fully understood, control of crystal morphology still remains challenging. Herein, we report the morphology design of [Cu(3)(btc)(2)](n) (btc = benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate) by the coordination modulation method (modulator = n-dodecanoic acid or lauric acid). A morphological transition (octahedron-cuboctahedron-cube) in the [Cu(3)(btc)(2)](n) crystal was observed with an increase in concentration of the modulator. By suitably defining a coarse-grained standard unit of [Cu(3)(btc)(2)](n) as its cuboctahedron main pore and determining its attachment energy on crystal surfaces, Monte Carlo coarse-grain modeling revealed the population and orientation of carboxylates and elucidated an important role of the modulator in determining the <100>- and <111>-growth throughout the crystal growth process. This comprehension, in fact, successfully led to designed crystal morphologies with oriented growth on bare substrates. Because selective crystal orientations on the bare substrates were governed by crystal morphology, this contribution also casts a new light on the unexplored issue of the significance of morphology design of PCPs.     

Synthesis,crystal structure,and fluorescence of a 2-D coordination polymer

A 2-D coordination polymer with mixed ligands, [Zn₂(BDC)(4,4′-bipy) (HCOO)₂] (1) (BDC, 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate; 4,4′-bipy, 4,4′-bipyridine), has been synthesized by solvothermal reaction. Compound 1 provides the first coordination polymer structure constructed by bridging BDC, 4,4′-bipy, and formate. Both BDC and 4,4′-bipy link zincs alternatively, resulting in a zigzag coordination chain; adjacent chains are further linked by formates to form an infinite extended 2-D folding screen layer. The synthesis mechanism and fluorescence property are discussed.     

三维氰基桥联Cu(I)配位聚合物的模板合成和晶体结构

将(Et4N)3Mn(CN)6和Cu(en)2(ClO4)2反应得到了三维配位聚合物{[Cu(Ⅱ)(en)2*H2O][Cu(I)2(CN)4]}n(en＝乙二胺),用元素分析、ICP分析、IR光谱对配合物进行了表征.X-射线衍射结果表明晶体属单斜晶系,空间群为Cc(#9),晶胞参数a＝14.759(3),b＝7.734(2),c＝14.247(3)(A),β＝112.65(3)°,V＝1500.9(5)(A)3,Z＝4,Dc＝1.916Mg*m-3,F(000)＝868,最终偏离因子R1＝0.0267,wR2＝0.0633.该配合物结构中Cu(I)离子间通过氰基桥联形成三维峰窝样主体骨架结构,而Cu(Ⅱ)配离子[Cu(en)2*H2O]2+被包合在主体内架通道空腔的中央.该配合物的合成是利用[Cu(CN)2]-为建筑砖块,[Cu(en)2*H2O]2+为模板的自组装反应.     

Synthesis,crystal structure,and properties of a new lanthanide tartrate coordination polymer

A new coordination polymer of terbium tartrate [Tb(H₂O)₃(C₄H₅O₆)(C₄H₄O₆)] has been synthesized and crystallizes in the polar space group P4₁ with cell constants a = 6.0415(9), b = 6.0415(9), c = 36.516(7) Å, V = 1332.8(4) ų, Z = 4. The terbium(III) ion of title complex is nine-coordinate through oxygen donors. Four different coordination modes of tartrate occur. This Tb(III) complex exhibits a characteristic luminescence in the visible region upon excitation at 353 nm. The temperature-dependent magnetic properties of the Tb(III) complex were investigated in the temperature range of 2–300 K. Title compound exhibits significant ferroelectric properties at room temperature (remnant polarization 2P _r = 0.160 μC cm^?2, coercive field 2E _c = 44.5 kV cm^?1, saturation of the spontaneous polarization P _s = 0.176 μC cm^?2).     

Syntheses,crystal structure and fluorescent property of a one dimensional lanthanide coordination polymer

A new complex [Tb(3-CNC₆H₄COO)₃(H₂O)₂] _n (I), where 3-CNC₆H₄COO is 3-cyanobenzoate, has been synthesized, and the crystal structure was determined by X-ray crystallography. The result shows that 1,3-dicyanobenzene was hydrolyzed to give 3-cyanobenzoate under the hydrothermal conditions. Complex I forms a one-dimensional coordination polymer. Complex I crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P \(\bar 1\), with lattice parameters a = 9.3749(9), b = 11.4943(10), c = 12.7024(11) Å, α = 65.563(4)°, β = 73.788(5)°, γ = 86.757(5)°, V = 1193.89(19) ų, Z = 2, ρ_calcd = 1.757 mg m^?3. The photophysical property of I has been studied by the excitation and emission spectra, which exhibit strong green emission.     

Phase behaviour and morphology of polymer/liquid crystal blends

Abstract

The phase behaviour of blends of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) with the liquid crystal p-azoxyanisole (PAA) has been studied by differential scanning calorimetry and optical microscopy. This system exhibits partial miscibility of the components in the molten state (at temperatures above 337 K). The melting temperature and enthalpy of the PAA phase has been found to depend on the blend composition, whereas the melting behaviour of the polymer phase remains quite unaltered. The occurrence of the PAA nematic phase, dispersed within an isotropic liquid phase, has been observed at high concentrations of liquid crystal. The morphology of the blends in the solid state changes largely with the PAA content, depending on the solubility of the components in the liquid phase.     

Targeted functionalisation of a hierarchically-structured porous coordination polymer crystal enhances its entire function

Spatiospecific functionalisation of a shell crystal was performed in a core-shell crystal of a porous coordination polymer (PCP) via post-synthetic modification (PSM). The shell crystal allowed the core crystal to selectively accumulate N,N-dimethylaniline (DMA) and afford the intense exciplex fluorescence.     

A flexible coordination polymer crystal providing reversible structural and magnetic conversions

Structural flexibility is a remarkable characteristic of coordination polymers and significant for the attainment of environmental responsivity. We have prepared a 2D cyanide-bridged MnIICrIII coordination polymer, [Mn(NNdmenH)(H2O)][Cr(CN)6].H2O (1; NNdmen = N,N-dimethylethylenediamine), with sophisticatedly arranged removable water coligands. The compound clearly showed a reversible single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation between the 2D sheet and a 3D pillared-sheet framework of dehydrated [Mn(NNdmenH)][Cr(CN)6] (1a). The structural change was reversible and accompanied with generation/cleavage of CN-Mn bonds between 2D sheets by dehydration/hydration. Compounds 1 and 1a also exhibited a ferrimagnetic ordering at 35.2 and 60.4 K, respectively, and the magnetic characteristics were reversibly converted by guest adsorption/desorption. In addition, the dehydrated 1a demonstrated a size-selective solvent adsorption linking chemi- and physisorption processes and shrinkage/expansion of its framework. The flexible magnetic framework incorporating removable coligands delivered multifunctions with chemical response.     

Synthesis,characterisation and crystal structure of a cobalt(II)-hexamethylenetetramine coordination polymer

A novel one-dimensional zigzag coordination polymer, dinitrodiaqua-bis(hexamethylenetetramine)cobalt(II) was synthesised and characterised, and the structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound has a chain structure with each cobalt atom covalently bonded to two nitrate ions, two water molecules and two HMTA molecules, giving a slightly distorted octahedral geometry about the cobalt atom. Each HMTA ligand uses two of its N atoms to bond to two cobalt atoms giving an approximately bent Co–HMTA–Co configuration. Each chain is hydrogen bonded through OH···N and OH···O interactions with neighbouring chains leading to an overall polymer structure. Thermal studies show significant mass loss corresponding to the loss of the coordinated water molecules and the decomposition of both the nitrate ions and the HMTA.     

Atomic force microscopy study of the polymer growth in a polymer stabilized liquid crystal

The growth of a cholesteric polymer network in a polymer stabilized cholesteric texture (PSCT) was studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The liquid crystal is removed by dipping the samples into a solvent bath and the polymer network remaining on each strip is analyzed. Several aspects of the polymer growth were studied: irradiation time, use of an orientation layer and application of an electric field during polymerization. AFM has proved to be an accurate means to study polymer networks thanks to its high resolution. The pitch of the cholesteric polymer is observable under special conditions of polymerization. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Synthesis,crystal structure and magnetic properties of 2D bi-layered coordination polymer

A new coordination polymer, [Ni(pydc)(H₂O)₂]?·?H₂O (1) (H₂pydc?=?pyridine-3,4-dicarboxylic acid), have been synthesized by treating Ni(II) nitrate with 3,4-pyridinedicarboxylic acid under hydrothermal conditions. The single-crystal X-ray structure reveals that 1 is a 2D bi-layered coordination polymer. Single-crystals are triclinic, space group P 1 , with a?=?7.065(3), b?=?7.812(4), c?=?9.031(4)?Å, α?=?75.568(8), β?=?68.970(8), γ?=?75.927(8)°, V?=?444.0(3)?ų, Z?=?2. Variable temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements demonstrate a ferromagnetic interaction in 1.     

2,2′-氧联二苯甲酸合钡-维配位聚合物的合成与晶体结构

在水热条件下,以2,2′-氧联二苯甲酸( H2odb)和Ba(NO3)2作为原料合成了一维配位聚合物{[Ba(Hodb)2]}n；利用红外光谱、X射线单晶衍射、元素分析等考察了产物的结构和组成,利用热重分析测定了其热稳定性.结果表明,标题化合物属于三斜晶系,P-1空间群,晶胞参数为:a=0.881 9(3) nm,b=...     

Facile fabrication and adsorption property of a nano/microporous coordination polymer with controllable size and morphology

A porous coordination polymer [Cu(3)(btc)(2)] with controllable size and morphology from nanocube to microoctahedron was readily synthesized in an ethanol-water mixture at room temperature by adjusting the concentration of the surfactant and the polymer shows size- and morphology-dependent sorption properties.     

Study and control of polymer blends morphology and related properties

It will be shown how a combination of techniques allows to gain a rather precise idea of the (un)miscibility situation in polymer blends at different size scales (i.e. from ca.20 A up to lμ); typical examples include simultaneous use of TEM, SEM, NRET and ss. NMR. On these bases, interesting blends have been studied and tailored, in which both morphology and interfacial adhesion have been controlled (in particular by the use of diblock copolymers) to provide for a better spectrum of properties. A number of situations will be described, implying commodity and engineering polymers, but also different types of fillers; their optimization has led to interesting applications in the field of better emulsion dispersions, very high impact resins, economical engineering plastics, controlled migration, filled materials,.     

Crystal engineering of a versatile building block toward the design of novel inorganic-organic coordination architectures

Six novel inorganic-organic coordination supramolecular networks based on a versatile linking unit 4-pyridylthioacetate (pyta) and inorganic Co(II), Cu(II), Ag(I), Zn(II), Mn(II) and Pb(II) salts have been prepared in water medium and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Reaction of CoCl(2).6H(2)O with Hpyta afforded a neutral mononuclear complex [Co(pyta)(2)(H(2)O)(4)](1), which exhibits a two-dimensional (2-D) layered architecture through intermolecular O-HO interactions. Reaction of CuCl(2.2H(2)O with Hpyta yielded a neutral one-dimensional (1-D) coordination polymer [[Cu(pyta)(2)(H(2)O].0.5H(2)O](n)(2) consisting of rectangle molecular square units, which show a three-dimensional (3-D) supramolecular network through S...S and O-H...O weak interactions. However, when AgNO(3), Zn(OAc)(2).2H(2)O or MnCl(2).4H(2)O salts were used in the above self-assembled processes, the neutral 2-D coordination polymers [Ag(pyta)](n)(3), [[Zn(pyta)(2)].4H(2)O](n)(4) or [[Mn(pyta)(2)(H(2)O)]](n)(5) with different topologies were obtained, respectively. While substituting the transition metal ions used in 1-5 with Pb(OAc)(2).3H(2)O, a one-dimensional coordination polymer [Pb(pyta)(2)](n)(6), which shows a novel 2-fold interpenetrating 2-D supramolecular architecture through weak SS interactions, was isolated. It is interesting to note that the building block pyta anion exhibits different configurations and coordination modes in the solid structures of complexes 1-6. These results indicate that the versatile nature of this flexible ligand, together with the coordination preferences of the metal centers, play a critical role in construction of these novel coordination polymers or supramolecules. The spectral and thermal properties of these new materials have also been investigated.     

Synthesis and crystal structure of a new nickel(II) coordination polymer based on Schiff base

A new Schiff base coordination polymer, [Ni(C₁₈H₁₆N₃O₂)₂ · 2CH₃OH] _n (C₁₈H₁₆N₃O₂, 2-acetylpyridine-L-tryptophan), was synthesized and characterized by IR, UV, and X-ray diffraction singlecrystal analysis. The crystal crystallizes in the tetragonal crystal system, space group P4₃2₁2 with cell parameters a = 11.8912(11), c = 28.822(3) ?, V = 4075.5(6) ?³, Z = 4, F(000) = 1544, S = 1.187, ??_calcd = 1.199 g cm^?3, ?? = 0.525 mm^?1, the final R ₁ = 0.0515 and wR ₂ = 0.1513 for 3602 observed reflections (I > 2??(I)). The Ni(II) atom is six-coordinated by two nitrogen atoms from C=N, two nitrogen atoms from pyridine rings and two carboxylic oxygen atoms in different ligands, forming a distorted octahedron geometry. Each ligand serves as a bridging ligand to link Ni²⁺ ions through carboxylic oxygen atoms, leading to a two-dimensional coordination polymer.     

Design and control of morphology for high performance polymer alloys

Ductile polymers are significantly toughened by the addition of an elastomeric phase. The rubber phase acts as a stress concentrator, cavitates during the loading process and initiates localized plastic deformation in matrix. This paper deals with the simulation of the deformation behavior of rubber toughened polycarbonate and the fracture process of the embedded rubber particle. A two-dimensional one particle- and two-particle model with varying surface-to-surface interparticle distances are established. The calculation showed that the polymer matrix has plastically deformed before cavitation for the one-particle model whereas cavitation occurs in the elastic state of the matrix for the two-particle model. Cavitation itself is proved to be a change from the particle-system towards a void-system for both cases. The toughness of the post-cavitated void-system is shown to be dependent on the surface-to-surface interparticle distance and the strain-hardening characteristic of the matrix polymer.