狭义相对论数学基础的探讨

狭义相对论的变革点就是相对时空观,而相对论时空与非欧几何学有着密切的联系.在介绍了传统的Minkowski空间后,引入双曲虚单位,其所构造的双曲复数对应双曲Minkowski复空间.利用双曲Minkowski空间复数运算规则,可以使高速运动客体的物理规律与复数的性质结合起来,为解决狭义相对论的普遍形式提供新的数学工具.     

The size of a Minkowski ellipse that contains the unit ball

In this paper we study the minimum radius of Minkowski ellipses (with antipodal foci on the unit sphere) necessary to contain the unit ball of a (normed or) Minkowski plane. We obtain a general upper bound depending on the modulus of convexity, and in the special case of a so-called symmetric Minkowski plane (a notion that we will recall in the paper) we prove a lower bound, and also we obtain that 3 is the exact upper bound.     

The ratio of the length of the unit circle to the area of the unit disc in Minkowski planes

In their paper ``An Introduction to Finsler Geometry,' J. C. Alvarez and C. Duran asked if there are other Minkowski planes besides the Euclidean for which the ratio of the Minkowski length of the unit ``circle' to the Holmes-Thompson area of the unit disc equals 2. In this paper we show that this ratio is greater than 2, and that the ratio 2 is achieved only for Minkowski planes that are affine equivalent to the Euclidean plane. In other words, the ratio is 2 only when the unit ``circle' is an ellipse.

     

Cassini Curves in Normed Planes

We extend the concept of Cassini curves from the Euclidean plane to normed (or Minkowski) planes and show that geometric properties of (Minkowskian) Cassini curves are closely related to geometric properties of the unit disc determining the underlying normed plane.     

一类Minkowski复空间的拟距离和奇异性质

双曲虚单位对应一类Minkowski复空间并具有方向异性的特点.四维时空中特殊方向上两时空点间的减法对应类时区与类光区的几何关联,在物理中表示粒子和场的相互作用.通过定义拟(虚)距离使Minkowsk空间的时空映射和间隔不变量进行度量公理化.四维时空中不同方向的距离或度量需要用线度因子和角度因子共同刻画,其中角度因子对应模糊集合,决定了Minkowski度量空间的奇异性质.     

Unit disk of the smallest self-perimeter in a Minkowski plane

On a Minkowski plane with nonsymmetric metric, we find all unit disks with self-perimeter 6, the smallest possible value.     

Minkowski Normals for Polycircles

In this paper we will discuss the average number of normals through a point in a convex body in a Minkowski plane where the unit disk is a polygon.     

Unit-distance graphs in Minkowski metric spaces

The Unit-Distance Graph problem in Euclidean plane asks for the minimum number of colors, so that each point on the Euclidean plane can be assigned a single color with the condition that the points at unit distance apart are assigned different colors. It is well known that this number is between 4 and 7, but the exact value is not known. Here this problem is generalized to Minkowski metric spaces and once again the answer is shown to be between 4 and 7. In extreme special cases where the unit circle is a parallelogram or a hexagon the answer is shown to be exactly 4.     

On geometric interpretations of split quaternions

Quaternions are an important tool that provides a convenient and effective mathematical method for representing reflections and rotations in three-dimensional space. A unit timelike split quaternion represents a rotation in the Lorentzian space. In this paper, we give some geometric interpretations of split quaternions for lines and planes in the Minkowski 3-space with the help of mutual pseudo orthogonal planes. We classified mutual planes with respect to the casual character of the normals of the plane as follows; if the normal is timelike, then the mutual plane is isomorphic to the complex plane; if the normal is spacelike, then the plane is isomorphic to the hyperbolic number plane (Lorentzian plane); if the normal is lightlike, then the plane is isomorphic to the dual number plane (Galilean plane).     

Projective Minkowski set

The Minkowski set or the central symmetry set (CSS) of a smooth curve Γ on the affine plane is the envelope of chords connecting pairs of points such that the tangents to Γ at them are parallel. Singularities of CSS are of interest, in particular, for applications (for example, in computer graphics). A generalization of the Minkowski set is considered in the paper, namely, the projective Minkowski set with respect to a line on the plane; in the case of general position, we describe its singularities and the bifurcation set of lines corresponding to lines defining the projective Minkowski set having singularities being more degenerate than those of the Minkowski set for a generic line.     

A connection between Fano configurations and Minkowski planes of odd order

It is shown in this paper that a pair of points contained in a Fano configuration in a projective plane of odd order cannot induce a Minkowski plane. From this result we derive that no pair of points in the Hughes plane of order 9 can induce a Minkowski plane.     

Basic systems of orthogonal functions for space-time multivectors

Space-time multivectors in Clifford algebra (space-time algebra) and their application to nonlinear electrodynamics are considered. Functional product and infinitesimal operators for translation and rotation groups are introduced, where unit pseudoscalar or hyperimaginary unit is used instead of imaginary unit. Basic systems of orthogonal functions (plane waves, cylindrical, and spherical) for space-time multivectors are built by using the introduced infinitesimal operators. Appropriate orthogonal decompositions for electromagnetic field are presented. These decompositions are applied to nonlinear electrodynamics. Appropriate first order equation systems for cylindrical and spherical radial functions are obtained. Plane waves, cylindrical, and spherical solutions to the linear electrodynamics are represented by using the introduced orthogonal functions. A decomposition of a plane wave in terms of the introduced spherical harmonics is obtained.     

A New Construction for Minkowski Planes

For any pseudo-ordered field F and some mappings f and g of F into itself we can construct a Minkowski plane such that one derived affine plane is a variation on W. A. Pierce's construction. Moreover, such a Minkowski plane induces nearaffine planes described by H. A. Wilbrink.     

On the continuity of the geometric operations in Minkowski planes with parallel classesS 2

Conclusion The continuity of the geometric operations is proved in 2.1, 2.2, 2.6, and 2.9 assuming the continuity of joining. Thus becomes a topological Minkowski plane, which indeed is compact and 4-dimensional.As already mentioned in the introduction there are candidates for 4-dimensional Minkowski planes. Those candidates are in standard representation and it is easy to see that circles are indeed compact. So, with the present theorem, it suffices to verify the geometric axioms of a Minkowski plane for those candidates and the continuity of joining.This research was supported by a Feodor Lynen Fellowship.     

Curves in the Minkowski plane and their contact with pseudo-circles

We study the caustic, evolute, Minkowski symmetry set and parallels of a smooth and regular curve in the Minkowski plane.     

双曲复空间的拓扑结构与应用

双曲复空间与Minkowski空间相对应,具有时空方向异性的特点。以双曲复空间为原空间,可以抽象出一类双曲拟、虚度量空间和多拓扑结构。     

Gauss-Bonnet theorems in the affine group and the group of rigid motions of the Minkowski plane

In this paper, we compute sub-Riemannian limits of Gaussian curvature for a Euclidean C~2-smooth surface in the affine group and the group of rigid motions of the Minkowski plane away from characteristic points and signed geodesic curvature for Euclidean C~2-smooth curves on surfaces. We get Gauss-Bonnet theorems in the affine group and the group of rigid motions of the Minkowski plane.     

Complete Upper Angle Around a Point on the Minkowski Plane

The dependence of the complete upper angle in the sense of A. D. Aleksandrov about a point on the Minkowski plane on the form of the “unit circle” (the centrally symmetric convex curve Φ determining the Minkowski metric ρ_Φ) is studied.The complete upper angle is computed in three cases: if Φ is a square, a “cut circle,” or a “rounded rhombus.” Bibliography: 6 titles. __________ Translated from Zapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov POMI, Vol. 299, 2003, pp. 42–53.