待定模板印迹聚合物对高丰度鸡蛋清蛋白质的脱除

将鸡蛋清溶液作为“待定模板”制备分子印迹聚合物,得到的聚合物作为色谱固定相,显示出能脱除高丰度蛋白质的能力。采用不同浓度的鸡蛋清进行印迹,可以得到具有不同蛋白脱除性质的聚合物。经过实验室自制的注射器色谱系统处理,蛋清中的高丰度蛋白质(如鸡卵清蛋白、溶菌酶、转铁蛋白)可从相应样品溶液当中去除。随着这些高丰度蛋白质谱峰消失,其它组分的质谱信号变得更加明显。根据文献结果及实验所得质谱数据,判定这些蛋白质分别是卵清白蛋白关联蛋白、转铁蛋白关联蛋白质、卵粘蛋白及黄素蛋白。实验表明,待定模板印迹方法具有脱除高丰度蛋白质,并同时保留、富集低丰度修饰蛋白质的能力。     

分子印迹整体柱在样品前处理及色谱分析中的应用

分子印迹整体柱(MIPMC)结合了分子印迹聚合物的立体选择性高和整体柱制备简单、柱压低以及传质速率快等优点,是一种极具应用潜力的样品前处理介质和色谱固定相.该文详细介绍了分子印迹整体柱的制备方法,综述了近年分子印迹整体柱在样品前处理及色谱分析中的应用进展,并对其发展趋势做了展望.     

有机-无机杂化蛋白质分子印迹硅胶整体柱的制备及用于蛋白质的选择性识别

作为后基因组时代出现的新兴研究领域之一,蛋白质组学的研究备受关注~([1]).如何有效去除复杂生物体系中的高丰度蛋白或富集低丰度蛋自己成为当前蛋白质研究的一个瓶颈问题.分子印迹整体柱结合了分子印迹和整体柱制备技术,是一种对目标分子具有特异性识别的合成技术,已被成功地应用于多种小分子的专一性分离和富集.然而,由于蛋白质固有的特性(体积庞大、结构复杂、构象灵活多变、水溶性等),传统的小分子印迹制备技术并不适合于生物大分子,迄今尚未见相关的文献报道.     

大黄素分子印迹整体柱的合成及性能表征

以大黄素分子为模板,甲基丙烯酸为单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯为交联剂,甲苯和十二醇为混合致孔剂,用原位聚合法合成了一系列分子印迹整体柱,并考察了模板分子在不同条件下合成的印迹聚合物及参考聚合物上保留因子的变化规律.在优化的合成条件下制得的分子印迹整体柱能有效地分离大黄素及其类似物.对分子印迹聚合物及参比聚合物的孔度分析数据表明:分子印迹聚合物中具有两种不同的孔度分布,而参比聚合物中只有一种.     

分子印迹滤过型净化柱净化/分子荧光光谱法测定花生根中白藜芦醇

以白藜芦醇(RES)为模板分子,凹凸棒土(ATP)为载体,β-环糊精(β-CD)和甲基丙烯酸(MAA)为双功能单体,采用表面分子印迹技术制备了白藜芦醇分子印迹聚合物(MIPs)。将制得的分子印迹聚合物作为吸附剂填料,填充滤过型净化柱,用于富集净化花生根中的白藜芦醇,建立了分子印迹滤过型净化柱净化/分子荧光光谱测定花生根中白藜芦醇的新方法。在最优化条件下,分子印迹聚合物对RES具有良好的选择性,最大吸附容量可达12.78 mg/g,白藜芦醇在0.1~100μg/m L浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系(r=0.999 7),方法检出限为0.048μg/L,样品加标回收率为86.2%~102.1%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.5%~5.8%。该方法高效、快速、选择性好,可用于白藜芦醇的快速检测。     

根皮苷分子印迹聚合物制备及其识别性能研究

为了制备对根皮苷具有仿生识别能力的分子印迹聚合物,利用本课题组所建立的紫外光谱法筛选并确定了制备根皮苷分子印迹聚合物所需的功能单体(4-乙烯基吡啶)及其与模板分子间的最佳比例(6∶1).然后以根皮苷为模板分子,4-乙烯基吡啶为功能单体,乙二醇二甲基双丙烯酸酯为交联剂,合成了根皮苷分子印迹聚合物.经研磨、过筛、索氏提取去除模板分子后得到相应的分子印迹聚合物颗粒.采用静态平衡吸附实验研究了该分子印迹聚合物对根皮苷的结合与识别能力.结果表明与化学组成相同的非印迹聚合物相比,根皮苷分子印迹聚合物对根皮苷具有较好的识别性能.     

儿茶素活性成分分子印迹聚合物的固相萃取研究

以表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(Epigallocatechin-gallate,EGCG)为模板分子,α-甲基丙烯酸为功能单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯为交联剂,在光冷引发条件下合成EGCG分子印迹聚合物,利用该聚合物制成分子印迹固相萃取柱,用于固相萃取茶叶提取物茶多酚,对萃取柱中的清洗液、洗脱剂、上载量等进行了选择.结果表明,在萃取柱上载样品之后,先用V(甲醇):V(水)＝1:9溶液进行清洗,再用V(甲醇):V(乙酸)＝9:1混合液进行目标分子的洗脱,可以得到比较纯的目标物质EGCG(色谱峰相对峰面积达92.4%),萃取柱在上载样品并进行清洗、洗脱之后,EGCG的回收率达69.3%.分子印迹柱具有较好的稳定性和耐用性能,使用20次后其选择性识别能力仍未降低,但空白印迹柱却没有这样的选择性识别能力.     

样品前处理新介质的研究进展

1印迹聚合物在样品前处理中的应用分子印迹聚合物(molecularly imprinted polymer,MIP)是指目标分子(模板分子)与功能单体通过共价键或非共价键作用预组装,与交联剂共聚制备得到的聚合物。     

两性聚丙烯酰胺冰胶对蛋白质分子印迹的广泛适用性

选择溶菌酶、胃蛋白酶、卵清蛋白、牛血红蛋白和γ-球蛋白为模板,考察两性聚丙烯酰胺冰胶的分子印迹功能。预聚溶液中除了丙烯酰胺、甲叉双丙烯酰胺外,还含有作为功能单体的丙烯酸和烯丙基胺,因此所得聚合物中既有酸性基团,也有碱性基团,有助于在分子水平上识别同样是两性物质的蛋白质。上述蛋白质的分子量、等电点差异显著,且涵盖了很宽的范围。利用同一单体溶液即可合成对所有蛋白质均有印迹效果的聚合物,其分子量和等电点无影响。模板分子在毛细管印迹柱中的保留时间大于非印迹柱中的保留时间。溶菌酶的印迹因子高达7.0,γ-球蛋白最小(2.0),其它蛋白质介于二者之间。本研究结果表明,两性聚丙烯酰胺冰胶是印迹各种蛋白质的理想材料,在蛋白质的识别、纯化和去除方面具有极大的潜力。     

分子印迹整体柱在高校液相色谱和电色谱手性分离中的应用

在常规不锈钢色谱管中以甲基丙烯酸为功能单体,采用原位聚合法制备了(5S,11S)-特罗格尔碱(S-TB)的印迹整体柱.考察了流动相中添加不同量的醋酸和水对分离的影响,结合台阶梯度洗脱模式在S-TB整体柱上实现了对TB消旋体的快速分离.另外,以碱性单体2-二甲基乙基胺甲基丙烯酸酯(DAMA)为功能单体,在毛细管中采用原位聚合法制备了毛细管分子印迹整体柱,用于在毛细管电色谱(CEC)中对消旋体1,1'-联-2-萘酚(BNL)进行手性分离.结果表明,以DAMA为功能单体可以制备其他酸性模板的分子印迹聚合物,从而扩大了分子印迹聚合物(MIP)在CEC分离中的应用范围.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。