位置探测器PSD应用于三维坐标测量的理论研究

提出了一种应用位置探测器 PSD进行三维坐标测量的新技术 ,介绍了由三套 PSD对空间发光点交汇成像而构成的三坐标测量系统。阐述了该系统的测量原理及测量精度分析。该系统具有结构简单、应用方便、自动化程度高、测量精度高、适用范围广等重要特点 ,可有效地应用于机械制造、机器人及汽车检测、航空及医学等测量领域     

光笔式双摄像机三维坐标视觉测量系统

基于双目立体视觉的系统模型,设计了一种新型的光笔,提出了基于该光笔的匹配算法。由于光笔在测量时可以出现任何姿态,必须对两摄像机像面上所成图像中的8个发光点进行匹配,才能代入摄像机模型计算出8个发光点在左摄像机坐标系下的三维坐标,通过建立8个共面发光点所在的平面坐标系与左摄像机坐标系的线性关系求得测头中心的三维坐标。实验结果表明,系统在5 m范围内的空间长度测量精度达到0.159 mm,基本满足大尺寸工件的现场检测需求。     

光笔式单目视觉测量系统的关键技术

为了对机械加工部件进行高精度、大尺寸、三维立体空间的现场实时测量,建立了光笔式单目视觉测量系统。对该系统中的新型光笔工艺、算法转换模型、摄像机焦距的优化、光笔笔尖位置的标定进行了研究。首先提出了一种利用光刻工艺设计制作的新型光笔,其次,基于近景摄影测量学中的单像空间后方交会原理,建立了一种新的光笔坐标系与摄像机坐标系之间的转换模型,通过最小二乘平差法循环迭代求解最优的单像空间外方位元素,从而确定了转换模型基本参数。最后,分析了摄像机焦距对光笔式单目视觉测量系统结果的影响,并提出了一种确定相对准确焦距和光笔测头在光笔坐标系下的位置的方法。实验结果表明：摄像机坐标系下x轴、y轴、z轴方向的稳定性误差分别为0.042、0.048、0.066 mm;测量最大误差为0.173 mm,较大程度上满足了光笔式单目测量系统稳定性强和精度高的要求。     

A combined theoretical and experimental study on molecular photonics

A detailed account of quantum chemical procedures for estimating the rate constants of the photophysical processes at work in polyatomic organic molecules is given. The results obtained from combined experimental and theoretical research into the spectral-luminescent properties of acridine, 9-aminoacridine, 2,7-dimethyl-9-diphenylaminoacridine, and of their protonated forms are reported. The electronic absorption and fluorescence spectra of acridine have been investigated at room temperature in ethanol solution of varying pH and in other solvents of different chemical nature and polarity. The energy of excited states, the rate constants of the deactivation of the excited states, and the dipole moments obtained by quantum chemical methods for the examined compounds are presented. The findings of the investigations are discussed. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 10, pp. 93–107, October, 2008.     

Thermodynamics of Li-N-H system for hydrogen storage: A theoretical and experimental study

In the present work, electronic structure, chemical bonding and thermal stability of Li-N-H system for hydrogen storage were calculated by a first principle approach. On the basis of the thermal analysis of this system, pressure-composition-temperature (PCT) isotherm measurements of hydrogen desorption were performed and analyzed. The theoretical and experimental enthalpies of this system were calculated as −75.67 and −69.17 kJ/mol of H₂, which agree well with other corresponding findings of −73.6 and 66.1 kJ/mol of H₂, respectively. The theoretical and experimental values of desorption enthalpies in this study are reasonably agreeable with each other.     

基于线结构光的双目三维体积测量系统

针对工业应用中工件的体积测量问题,设计了一个基于双目立体视觉原理的体积测量系统。线结构光投射到被测物表面产生变形的激光条纹,精确提取光条中心线,利用极线约束实现左右图像特征点匹配;根据双目视觉原理,由光条图像坐标计算出其在相机坐标系下的三维坐标,完成三维重建;将相机坐标系下的三维点云转换到理想的世界坐标系下,经过积分计算得到被测物体积。采用该系统对不规则棱锥实现三维重建,并完成体积测量。实验结果表明该方法具有一定的可行性和有效性,在工业检测领域有较好的应用前景。     

A theoretical study of the effect of experimental noise on the measurement of anisotropy in diffusion imaging

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a modality known to be highly sensitive to the detrimental effects of experimental noise. Here, using Monte Carlo simulations, we compare and contrast how noise complicates the measurement of diffusion anisotropy in diffusion tensor and conventional diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). As the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) decreases below a value of approximately 20, the eigenvalues (λ_i) of the diffusion tensor D are found to diverge rapidly from their true values, with the result that the measured anisotropy can be significantly in error and isotropic structures falsely assigned a high level of anisotropy. The effect of noise on the rotationally variant indices, calculated from a conventional diffusion-weighted imaging experiment, is found to be much less insidious, because the apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) diverge only slowly as the signal-to-noise decreases. Thus, although rotationally variant indices almost always underestimate the true diffusion anisotropy, they show only a small susceptibility to experimental noise and hence, are preferred to their rotationally invariant counterparts when the signal-to-noise ratio is small.     

A theoretical and experimental study on all-normal-dispersion Yb-doped mode-locked fiber lasers

We report on a theoretical and experimental study of an all-normal-dispersion (ANDi) Yb-doped mode-locked fiber laser, in which nonlinear polarization rotation (NPR) is used to realize mode-locking without any dispersion compensation. Based on the coupled nonlinear Schrdinger (CNLS) equation, a model simulating the mode-locked process of an allnormal-dispersion ring fiber laser is developed, which shows that the achievement of stable mode-locking depends on the alignment of the polarization controller (PC) along the fast-polarization axis of the fiber, the birefringence intensity, and the net cavity dispersion. According to the theoretical analysis, stable mode-locked pulses with pulse duration 300 ps and average output power 33.9mW at repetition rate 36MHz are obtained.     

A combined experimental and theoretical study on 8-hydroxy-2-quinolinecarboxylic acid

The mid-IR and Raman spectra of 8-hydroxy-2-quinolinecarboxylic acid (8HQC) were recorded. These spectra were interpreted with the help of B3LYP/6–311 ++G(d,p) calculations and potential energy distribution (PED) analysis. As a result of the calculations, seven tautomers were determined among many stable conformations. The experimental spectra were concordant with the theoretical data of one tautomer. In the functional group region overtone and combination bands were detected and assigned. In addition, because of several peaks in the IR spectrum, it was proposed that the 8HQC exhibits dimerization in condensed phase. Possible dimeric forms of 8HQC were evaluated at the same level of theory, and it has been seen that the calculation results confirm the above proposal. ¹H and ¹³C NMR chemical shifts of 8HQC have been calculated, and compared with the experimental data. The frontier molecular orbital properties and the atomic charges were also theoretically obtained and presented.     

A theoretical and experimental study of non-perfect grain boundary dislocations

The aim of this paper is to discuss the possible appearance of non-perfect grain boundary dislocations in grain boundaries in a variety of materials. To begin with, we survey some of the different theoretical treatments which enable grain boundary dislocations and grain boundary structures to be described. The emphasis is put on more recent ideas, and on illustrating the power of group theory in identifying non-perfect grain boundary dislocations. A derivation of the geometric characteristics of interfacial dislocations is carried out in a simple and tutorial way, in a number of representative examples. It is shown that grain boundary dislocations may be divided into three classes: (1) perfect grain boundary dislocations, (2) imperfect grain boundary dislocations, and (3) partial grain boundary dislocations. Experimental transmission electron microscope evidence is then presented for boundaries in the diamond cubic structure, and it is shown that imperfect and partial grain boundary dislocations play an important role in this system. Finally, a comparison of some grain boundary dislocation types in different materials is given.     

Spectral-statistics properties of the experimental and theoretical light meson spectra

We present a robust analysis of the spectral fluctuations exhibited by the light meson spectrum. This analysis provides information about the degree of chaos in light mesons and may be useful to get some insight on the underlying interactions. Our analysis unveils that the statistical properties of the light meson spectrum are close, but not exactly equal, to those of chaotic systems. In addition, we have analyzed several theoretical spectra including the latest lattice QCD calculation. With a single exception, their statistical properties are close to those of a generic integrable system, and thus incompatible with the experimental spectrum.     

符合测量实验方法研究

讨论研究了符合测量实验的有关问题，提出实验过程中的几个方法和技巧。     

结构光三维测量系统标定的关键算法研究

系统参数标定是结构光三维测量系统的关键问题之一,标定板特征圆圆心检测精度与投影仪、相机镜头gamma效应引起的相位误差是系统参数标定的主要误差来源。采用Sobel算子粗定位标定板特征圆的边缘点,以正交傅里叶-马林矩(OFMM)算子对边缘点进行亚像素定位,用椭圆拟合法确定特征圆圆心的方法提高标定板特征圆检测精度。同时,推导结构光三维测量系统gamma非线性数学模型,将计算得到的系统gamma值的倒数作为投影正弦光栅的指数以降低gamma效应引起的相位误差。实验结果证明了该方法的准确性,与不采用亚像素边缘检测与gamma校正相比,X、Y方向的标定精度分别提高约3.5倍与5倍。     

Thermochemistry of diphenic anhydride. A combined experimental and theoretical study

The standard (p°?=?0.1?MPa) molar enthalpy of formation for solid and gaseous diphenic anhydride (2,2′-biphenyldicarboxylic anhydride, dibenz[c,e]oxepin-5,7-dione) was derived from the standard molar enthalpy of combustion, in oxygen, at T?=?298.15?K, measured by static bomb combustion calorimetry, and the standard molar enthalpy of sublimation, at T?=?298.15?K, measured by Calvet microcalorimetry: ?(258.4?±?4.9) kJ?mol^?1. In addition, ab initio and density functional theory calculations have been performed at a variety of levels. The degree of aromaticity of diphenic anhydride is discussed in the context of other oxygen-containing (ring and keto) heterocycles and related carbocycles: this species is surprisingly destabilized.     

A theoretical and experimental study of the magnetoacoustic effect in alloys

An account of the magnetoacoustic effect in aluminum alloys having additions of iron, copper magnesium, zinc, and silicon is given. The problem of the torsional oscillations of a metallic, electrically-conducting isotropic specimen in a magnetic field is considered, and experimental data are given.     

光学系统杂光黑斑测量的理论研究

根据线性空间不变系统理论和标量衍射理论，用杂光点扩散函数讨论了在光学系统中多次反射和衍射所产生的杂光分布。在此基础上，用物和接收器互相关函数系统地分析了黑斑尺寸、接收小孔光阑尺寸以及黑斑照度对杂光测量的影响     

不同晶体对称类的栅条反射系数的理论与实验研究

对四方4/mmm、六角6/mmm和三角3m等晶体栅条反射系数进行了详细理论分析,给出具体的数学表达式,不同于已有的立方m3m栅条反射系数理论计算公式。根据理论分析结果给出112°旋转X切Y传LiTaO₃基片上的铝短路反射栅和沟槽的反射系数。用实验方法研究了112°LiTaO₃基片上的沟槽填铝短路反射的反射特性,得到了内反射为零的条件。证明了在112°LiTaO₃基片上可用沟槽填铝单指结构实现无内反射的结论。将上述结果应用于单指无内反射滤波器的研制,得到了中心频率255 MHz、带宽约10 MHz、带内畸变小于0.4 dB的带通滤波器。     

High-pressure theoretical and experimental study of HgWO4

HgWO₄ at ambient pressure is characterized using a combination of ab initio calculations, X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering measurements. The effect of low pressure and temperature on the structural stability is analysed. Extending our ab initio study to the range of higher pressures, a sequence of stable phases up to 30 GPa is proposed.     

Vibrational investigation of 1-cyclopentylpiperazine: A combined experimental and theoretical study

FT-IR and Raman spectra of 1-cyclopentylpiperazine(1cppp)have been experimentally examined in the region of 4000–200cm-1.The optimized geometric parameters,conformational equilibria,normal mode frequencies and corresponding vibrational assignments of 1cppp(C9H18N2)are theoretically examined by means of B3LYP hybrid density functional theory(DFT)method together with 6-31++G(d,p)basis set.On the basis of potential energy distribution(PED)reliable vibrational assignments have been made and the thermodynamics functions,highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals(HOMO and LUMO)of 1cppp have been predicted.Calculations are employed for four different conformations in C1 and Cs point groups of 1cppp in gas phase.Comparison between the experimental and theoretical results indicates that B3LYP method is able to provide satisfactory results for predicting vibrational frequencies and the structural parameters,vibrational frequencies and assignments.Furthermore,C1(equatorial-axial)point group has been found as the most stable conformer of 1cppp.