利用反应时间分析多核子转移反应中丰中子核的产生机制

在改进的量子分子动力学(ImQMD)模型框架下,研究了136 Xe+198 Pt体系的多核子转移反应过程.给出了不同弹靶接触时间下二分裂碎片的总动能-质量分布,发现准弹性碰撞、深度非弹性碰撞和准裂变反应事件可以采用弹靶接触时间进行粗略的划分.分析了不同弹靶接触时间下类靶碎片的双微分截面分布以及Ba同位素的产生截面分布,...     

在线同位素分离器和丰中子核β衰变

简要介绍了在线同位素分离器的原理以及在奇异核β衰变核谱学中的应用。着重介绍了芬兰Jyv（ae）skyl（ae）大学的离子制导型在线同位素分离器,并对在该装置上开展的丰中子Ag同位素的β^-衰变研究进行了综述。Isotope Separator on Line is briefly introduced with emphasis on the basic concept and features related to the production of exotic nuclei and β decay spectroscopy. The Ion Guide Isotope Separator on Line （IGISOL）at the University of Jyv（ae）skyl（ae）, Finland is presented in detail with experimental results on the decay of neutron-rich silver isotopes produced in proton induced symmetric fission.     

丰中子核105Mo单中子带结构的识别

通过对重核²⁵²Cf自发裂变产生的瞬发γ谱的测量, 对丰中子核¹⁰⁵Mo的能级结构进行了研究. 除确认与扩展了基带转动带外, 新识别了3个转动带, 它们分别被指定为建立在Nilsson能级3/2⁺[411], 1/2⁺[411]和5/2⁺[413]轨道上的单中子激发带, 并对这些集体带的特性进行了讨论.     

超重核的四面体对称性(英文)

基于反射不对称壳模型的投影位能面计算预言原子核310126 是继208Pb 之后的双幻核,其基态呈现出四面体形状。四面体对称性驱动的量子效应可以使基态的结合能,相较球形而言增加达13 MeV,这反映了在最重核的计算中,考虑四面体自由度的重要性。计算结果还表明,四面体对称性驱动的量子效应能够明显地增加裂变位垒,从而导致超重核合成几率的增加。     

丰中子核8He在Si靶上的反应总截面的测量

利用HIRFL 50MeV/u ¹³C束流在Be靶上碎裂,RIBLL选择出丰中子放射性次级束流⁸He,实验测量了25—40MeV/u ⁸He在²⁸Si靶上的反应总截面.采用双参数HO密度分布形式,通过微观Glauber模型拟合⁸He实验数据,发现⁸He具有扩展的中子密度分布.实验结果与Warner反应总截面实验和Alkhazov弹性散射实验结果较好地符合.     

近垒重离子熔合反应中的中子转移效应(英文)

近势垒及其以下能区重离子熔合反应中的中子转移耦合道效应是一个复杂且有争议的问题。简要介绍了近年来在中国原子能科学研究院的HI-13串列加速器上,基于静电偏转板装置完成的32S+90,94,96Zr,18O+74Ge和18O+58Ni等几个典型体系的熔合反应研究情况,并结合耦合道理论对实验数据进行了分析。选取反应体系时同时关注了正Q值的中子拾取和削裂道。另外,基于完全耦合道理论计算,提出了一种能够定量提取熔合反应中中子转移效应的自洽方法。这些研究进一步证实了垒下重离子熔合反应中的中子转移效应,同时指出了其复杂性。需要进一步的实验和理论研究来澄清相关核反应机制。The effect of neutron transfers on near-and sub-Coulomb-barrier fusion of heavy-ions is still a complicated and controversial problem. This paper reviews the recent experimental results of the fusion excitation functions of several typical systems, which have been measured by using an electrostatic deflector setup at the HI-13 tandem accelerator of CIAE. Both the neutron pickup and stripping effects were studied. Moreover, a self-consistent method to reliably isolate the transfer effect quantitatively based on the coupledchannels calculation is proposed. These studies give a further support for the neutron transfer effect on sub-barrier fusion of heavy-ions and its complexity. Further experimental and theoretical studies are needed for clarifying the relevant reaction mechanisms.     

丰中子核6He在28Si靶上的反应总截面测量

实验测量了20—40MeV u的轻丰中子核6He在Si靶上的反应总截面,并且结合6He的高能实验数据,采用双参数HO密度分布形式用Glauber模型计算得到较好的拟合.与Warner的实验数据比较,反应总截面数据系统性好,并与能量有明显的依赖关系. Total reaction cross section (σt) was measured for neuton rich nuclei 6He on 28Si target from about 20 to 40 MeV/u and compared with Warner s experimental data. It is found that the total cross section of 6He on 28Si depends on the energy and it can be fitted well by Glauber model using two term HO density distribution from high energy data of 6He.     

通过破裂反应研究轻丰中子核的集团结构

概括介绍了关于轻丰中子同位素链集团结构的理论模型和通过破裂反应研究该结构的实验方法、 实验装置及物理分析。 The theoretical models of the cluster structures of the light neutron rich nuclei as well as the corresponding physical mechanism and experimental approaches by breakup reaction have been introduced, which may serve as references for possible experimental studies of the cluster structure of light neutron rich nuclei.      

136Xe+198Pt多核子转移反应机制的理论研究

如何生成丰中子重核是目前原子核物理领域的热点问题之一,多核子转移反应是生成丰中子重核的一种可行途径.本工作采用时间相关的Hartree-Fock(TDHF)方法研究了136Xe+198Pt在Ec.m.=645 MeV的多核子转移反应.对动力学过程中的核子转移、能量耗散、形变核的朝向效应等进行了细致的分析,并结合统计衰变...     

轻丰中子核反应中子集团产生截面的理论研究

采用Boltzmann-Langevin方程研究了能量为35MeV/u的¹⁴Be, ⁸He,⁶He,¹¹Li,¹⁷B,¹¹Be,¹⁹C与¹²C靶的反应,计算了产生中子集团的截面, 发现^14,Be与¹²C靶反应产生⁴n的截面与实验值符合得很好. 通过这几个入射核与¹²C靶形成中子集团截面的对比, 发现核的晕中子越多产生中子集团的截面越大, 晕中子数相同时, 质量数越大产生中子集团的截面越大.中子集团可能主要来自晕核子.     

超重原子核与新元素研究

当前,原子核物理研究的一个重要前沿是探索原子核的电荷与质量极限,研究超重原子核与超重元素的性质,以及合成超重原子核。20世纪60年代,基于量子壳效应,理论预言质子数为114、中子数为184的原子核及其相邻核具有较长的寿命,甚至可能是稳定的,形成一个超重稳定岛。这个理论预言促进了重离子加速器及相关探测设备的建造,推动了重离子物理的发展。到目前,已经合成到了118号元素,填满了元素周期表的第7行。然而,合成更重的超重元素或包含更多中子的超重原子核面临着很多挑战,需要理论与实验密切结合,探索超重原子核的性质与合成机制,以登上超重稳定岛。文章概要评述超重原子核与新元素研究。首先介绍超重原子核与超重元素研究的背景及理论预言,包括超重核存在的根源、理论预言的概况等。之后简要给出实验合成超重核取得的主要进展和新元素命名情况。关于合成更重的超重元素面临的挑战,文章将针对利用重离子熔合蒸发反应合成超重核的截面低、所合成的超重核缺中子等情况展开讨论。最后评述近年来超重原子核结构性质、衰变、裂变与合成机制等方面的理论研究进展,包括超重核区的幻数和超重岛的位置,超重核的稳定性,利用重离子熔合蒸发反应合成超重核的三步过程及其复杂性,利用多核子转移合成超重核的探索,等等。The exploration of charge and mass limits of atomic nuclei and the synthesis of long-lived or stable superheavy nuclei (SHN) are at the frontier of modern nuclear physics. In the 1960s, based on the stability originating from quantum shell effects, the possible existence of an island of stability around 298114 was predicted. This prediction advanced the construction of heavy ion accelerators and detectors and the development of heavy ion physics. So far, superheavy elements (SHE) with Z up to 118 have been synthesized via heavy ion fusion reactions in laboratories. Recently the IUPAC/IUPAP Joint Working Party (JWP) concluded that criteria for the discovery of new elements have been met for those with Z=113, 115, 117 and 118. Therefore the seventh period of the periodic table of elements is completed. To synthesize even heavier elements or more neutron-rich SHN by using heavy ion fusion reactions, one confronts many challenges. More efforts should be made to study the properties of SHN both experimentally and theoretically. In this short review on the study on SHN and SHE, we will first introduce the background and theoretical predictions of SHN, including the origin of the possible existence of SHN and the predicted island of stability of SHN, etc. Then we will present progresses made up to now concerning the synthesis of SHN and the naming of the four new elements. As for the challenges nuclear physicists confront in synthesizing even heavier SHEs, we will detail those connected with heavy ion fusion-evaporation reactions, namely, the tiny cross sections to produce SHN and the fact that only neutron-deficient SHNs can be synthesized. Finally we will discuss some theoretical progresses on the study of SHN, including the structure of SHN and proton and neutron magic numbers after 208Pb, the stability and the synthesis mechanism of SHN as well as what we should focus on in the future.     

Neutron and Proton Diffusion in Fusion Reactions for the Synthesis of Superheavy Nuclei

The restriction of the one dimensional （1D） master equation （ME） with the mass number of the projectile-like fragment as a variable is studied, and a two-dimensional （2D） master equation with the neutron and proton numbers as independent variables is set up, and solved numerically. Our study showed that the 2D ME can describe the fusion process well in all projectile target combinations. Therefore the possible channels to synthesize super-heavy nuclei can be studied correctly in wider possibilities. The available condition for employing 1D ME is pointed out.     

超重核的壳结构

在相对论连续谱Hartree Bogoliubov(RCHB)理论框架下,在质子数Z=100—140和中子数N=Z+30—2Z+32等偶偶核中进行了超重球形双幻核的探索.采用的有效相互作用为NL1,NL3,NLSH,TM1,TW 99,DD ME1,PK1和PK1R.基于对双核子分离能(S2p和S2n)、双核子能隙(δ2p和δ2n)、壳修正能量(Epshell)、对能(Eppair和Enpair)和有效对能隙(Δp和Δn)等物理量和能shell和En级结构的分析,预言了可能的质子幻数和中子幻数,并观察到在超重核区壳的弱化现象. The magic proton and neutron numbers are searched in the superheavy region with proton number Z=100 —140 and neutron number N=(Z+30) — (2Z+32) by the relativistic continuum Hartree-Bogoliubov (RCHB) theory with interactions NL1, NL3, NLSH, TM1, TW99, DD-ME1, PK1, and PK1R. Based on the two-nucleon separation energies S_(2p )and S_(2n) , the two-nucleon gaps δ_(2p) and δ_(2n), the shell correction energies E~p_(shell) and E~n_(shell), the pairing energies E~p_(pair) and E~n_(pair), and...     

超重核密度的计算

用Skyrme Hartree Fock模型计算了超重核的密度分布,并讨论了其形状和同位旋相关性。 以292120核为例,计算表明形变对密度分布有相当大的影响。     

超重核的基态性质

用Skyrme Hartree Fock+BCS方法计算了超重核的基态性质,讨论了结合能、α衰变、形变、壳结构和自发裂变等问题.计算得到的结合能较好地反映了实验测量值,α衰变能与实验值符合很好.发现基本上有两种类型的超重核形变:在270108核附近的β2≈0.2的长椭球形变和在298114核附近的近球形形变.单粒子能级分布计算表明:在质子Z=108和中子N=162存在变形壳,在质子Z=114和中子N=184存在球形壳.用得到的α衰变能和Viola Seaborg公式估算了α衰变半寿命,能合理地符合实验测量值. The ground state properties of superheavy nuclei are investigated using the Skyrme Hartree Fock model. The pairing correlation is treated by the BCS method with the pairing δ force. Binding energies, α decays, spontaneous fissions, shell structures and deformations are discussed. Our calculations reproduce experimential binding energies and α decay energies.It is found that superheavy nuclei can be grouped with two kinds of deformations: i) well deformed prolate shapes (β2≈0.2) around 270108...     

丰质子核反应中轻带电粒子发射的同位旋效应

采用同位旋相关的Boltzmann—Langevin方程计算了核素^12-15N和^17-20Ne反应中轻带电粒子发射的同位旋效应。^12-15N与^28Si靶的反应结果显示轻带电粒子的产生截面有明显的同位旋效应,^12N的轻带电粒子产生截面突然增大,与实验得出的结论相同,由此检验了所采用的计算方法的可行性。同时还计算了^17-20Ne与^9Be靶的反应,发现^17Ne的轻带电粒子产生截面也是突然增大,并且其质子分布有较大的弥散,据此认为^17Ne可能具有晕结构。 Within the Boltzmann-Langevin equation, the isospin effects on the production cross sections of light charged particles （LCP） in the reaction of proton rich nuclei were studied. We have calculated the LCP productio n cross sections of the reaction ^12-15N ＋ ^28Si at 55 MeV/u and ^17-20Ne ＋ ^9Be at 60 MeV/u. The LCP production cross sections of ^12N increase abnormally in comparison with those of ^13-15N. The result accorded with experimental one. It also happened to ^17-20Ne. It suggests that ^17Ne is probably a proton halo nucleus.