级联三能级系统中五阶极化拍频的理论研究

本文从理论上系统地研究了由于五阶极化强度间的干涉所导致的级联三能级系统相位共轭超快调制光谱学。 它对激光绝对频率的测量可达到与激光线宽同一量级的精度。 无论泵浦光束为窄带线宽或宽带线宽,它对能级差测量的总体精度仅仅取决于光学跃迁的均匀增宽,而与激光线宽和多普勒增宽无关。     

单端泵浦光纤放大器获得4 kW单模窄谱激光输出

窄谱光纤激光器在光束合成等领域有着广泛的应用,然而模式不稳定效应的出现严重限制着窄谱光纤激光器的功率提升。提出并验证了采用新型981 nm稳波长泵浦方案,能够应用于窄谱激光放大并提升模式不稳定效应阈值,通过采用单端后向泵浦结构,将单模窄谱光纤放大器功率提至4 kW以上。实验中采用白噪声相位调制展宽单频激光作为窄谱种子,主放大级分别采用稳波长976 nm和981 nm两种泵浦源单端后向泵浦。在采用976 nm泵浦源泵浦时,窄谱激光最高放大至3.4 kW,出现典型的模式不稳定效应特征,功率提升受到限制。在采用981 nm泵浦源泵浦时,窄谱激光最高放大至4.05 kW,且并未出现模式不稳定效应,输出光束质量M2因子为1.3,进一步功率提升仅受限于泵浦功率。通过优化激光器设计、结合双向泵浦结构,有望实现更高功率的窄谱光纤激光输出。     

光谱特性对半导体泵浦碱蒸气激光器性能的影响

以速率方程模型为基础研究了光谱特性对半导体泵浦碱蒸气激光器性能的影响。结果表明:碱蒸气激光器的运行存在最优温度,温度和长度对碱蒸气激光器性能的影响是等价的,可以定义一个与温度和长度无关的效率描述其它参量一定时激光器的最优效率;泵浦谱宽对阈值泵浦强度的影响是线性的,由于碱金属原子在谱线远翼具有较大吸收截面,即使泵浦谱宽几倍或十几倍于原子吸收谱宽时也可能获得较高的效率;原子吸收谱宽对阈值泵浦强度的影响是非线性的,随着原子吸收谱宽的增加激光器光-光效率出现饱和下降;泵浦谱宽和原子吸收谱宽越宽,半导体激光器由于温度或电流导致的中心波长漂移的影响越小,实际中采用外腔压窄的半导体激光器阵列(谱宽小于200 GHz)可以控制其温度或电流漂移,使得碱蒸气激光器的性能基本不受影响。     

连续泵浦准分子宽带泵浦碱金属激光器泵浦阈值理论研究

基于四能级受激准分子宽带泵浦碱金属激光器（XPAL）的工作机理建立了连续波半导体激光器泵浦的四能级XPAL理论模型,该模型基于速率方程,考虑泵浦光线宽与伴峰吸收线宽,采用迭代算法求解,主要用于分析半导体激光器连续泵浦四能级XPAL系统的泵浦阈值特性。讨论了温度、蒸气室长度、泵浦光线宽、输出耦合率和惰性气体粒子数密度对泵浦阈值的影响,结果表明激光器存在一个最佳温度可以使泵浦阈值达到最小,且在最佳温度附近较大范围内泵浦阈值不会有较大变化。除此之外,对蒸气室长度、输出耦合率、泵浦光线宽和惰性气体粒子数密度的分析表明,相较于惰性气体粒子数密度,其他参数的变化对泵浦阈值的影响较小。而较高的惰性气体粒子数密度可以有效提升增益介质对泵浦光的吸收从而降低阈值。     

半导体泵浦铷蒸气激光器阈值特性

以速率方程为基础建立理论模型,采用迭代计算方法,对单程端面泵浦铷蒸气激光器的阈值特性进行了详细研究。研究表明,铷室温度和长度对阈值泵浦功率密度的影响具有等价性,存在使阈值功率密度达到最小的最佳铷室长度与温度组合。泵浦光线宽对阈值功率密度的影响基本呈线性;泵浦光线宽越宽,泵浦光中心波长与铷原子吸收波长的偏移量对阈值功率密度的影响越小;存在最佳的铷原子吸收线宽,使阈值功率密度达到最小;为减小阈值功率密度,铷室窗口片应尽量考虑镀膜,谐振腔输出耦合率不宜大于80%。     

时间延迟激光感生双光栅的理论及实验研究

从理论上分析了激光相位及振幅的随机涨落对由热效应引起的时间延迟激光感生双光栅(TDLIDG)的影响.结果表明,四波混频信号调制的振幅随两束泵光相对延迟的增加而衰变.实验结果与理论预测基本一致.我们还证实用TDLIDG测量两束光的波长差可以达到与激光线宽同一量级的精度.     

水中受激拉曼散射的能量增强及受激布里渊散射的光学抑制

为提高液体介质中受激拉曼散射的输出能量,提出了通过温度调控来抑制受激布里渊散射的方法,设计了532 nm多纵模宽带脉冲激光泵浦的受激拉曼散射发生系统,测量了不同温度下水中前向受激拉曼散射及后向受激布里渊散射的输出能量,分析了水温、泵浦激光线宽及热散焦效应对受激拉曼散射输出能量影响的物理机制.实验结果表明:通过降低水温可实现对受激布里渊散射过程的有效抑制,同时减小热散焦效应带来的光束畸变,从而有效提高受激拉曼散射的输出能量.研究结果对液体介质中的受激拉曼散射多波长转换具有重要意义.     

Diode laser frequency-noise suppression by >50dB by use of electro-optic parametric master oscillators

We demonstrate a novel frequency-stabilization scheme for laser diodes that is capable of linewidth reduction by more than 5 orders of magnitude. In this master-slave scheme the diode laser emission is frequency-offset phase locked to the emission of an electro-optic parametric oscillator (EOPO), and the laser diode is simultaneously used as the EOPO pump source. As a result the initial frequency fluctuations of the pump are reduced to the intrinsic noise level of the EOPO, which can be extremely small. We demonstrate that subhertz linewidths of the beat notes of the signals of two of these systems can be readily achieved if acoustic perturbations are suppressed.     

对撞脉冲锁模Nd:YAG激光器线宽的研究

本文报道了同时采用Fabry-Perot标准具和光栅监测对撞脉冲锁模Nd:YAG激光器输出线宽的初步结果,通过改变泵浦能量获得0.11nm～0.25nm的激光线宽,表明了自相关调制在锁模激光脉冲线宽展宽中起着重要的作用;并对一些相关实验进行了观测。     

Highly-Efficient Ho:S<Subscript>i</Subscript>Sc<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>5</Subscript> Laser Pumped by a Narrow Line-Width Tm:YAP Laser at 1.94 <Emphasis Type="Italic">μ</Emphasis>m

We present a highly-efficient continuous-wave Ho:SSO laser pumped by a diode-pumped Tm:YAP laser with a narrow linewidth (NL) of 0.3 nm. With the free-running (FR) Tm:YAP laser, we obtain a maximum output power of 2.23 W at an absorption pump power of 7.2 W, corresponding to an optical conversion efficiency of 31% and a slope efficiency of 42.6%. With the NL Tm:YAP laser, we obtain a maximum output power of 2.88 W at the same absorption pump power. The optical conversion efficiency increases to 40% when the slope efficiency increases to 55.5%. The output linewidth of the Ho:SSO laser is 0.8 nm when we use the Tm:YAP laser with a narrow linewidth of 1.8 nm pumped by a FR Tm:YAP laser. The beam quality also changes from 1.31 to 1.22.     

抽运调制条件下超窄线宽掺铒光纤环形激光器的跳模特性研究

搭建了基于光纤迈克耳孙干涉仪的跳模检测系统,对抽运调制条件下的超窄线宽掺铒光纤环形激光器的跳模特性进行了实验研究,测量了由抽运电流标定的表征跳模规律的跳模数据图。结果表明,随着抽运电流的不断增加,激光器先后经历模式稳定区、模式非稳区以及多纵模区三种状态;存在第二抽运阈值,当抽运强度超过这一阈值时激光器由单纵模跳变为非稳定的多纵模。掺铒光纤环形激光器的谐振腔因抽运热效应或外界扰动而变化时,会引发频率漂移与连续跳模现象。     

窄线宽纳秒脉冲光纤拉曼放大器的理论模型和数值分析

窄线宽纳秒脉冲光纤拉曼放大器在非线性频率变换、遥感探测和量子信息等领域有广泛的应用前景.综合考虑受激拉曼散射(stimulated Raman scattering,SRS)、受激布里渊散射(stimulated Brillouin scattering,SBS)、自相位调制(self-phase modulation)和交叉相位调制(cross-phase modulation)等非线性效应,建立了窄线宽纳秒脉冲光纤拉曼放大器的非线性动力学模型.仿真分析了放大器中脉冲激光的时频演化特性,对比研究了抽运脉冲宽度、光纤长度和信号光功率等因素对放大器性能的影响.研究发现,上述因素会影响放大器的SRS阈值、SBS阈值、输出激光线宽、激光转换效率等.例如,当脉冲宽度为800 ns时,SBS随着抽运功率的增加而发生,限制了激光功率的提升;减短抽运脉宽可以抑制SBS,但是输出激光的线宽易于展宽到数百MHz以上;增加光纤长度可以获得更低的SRS阈值和更高的转换效率,但是SBS效应和光谱展宽程度也随之增强.系统搭建中需要平衡各非线性效应,选择合适的系统参数.研究内容可以为窄线宽纳秒脉冲光纤拉曼放大器的设计搭建提供参考.     

Octave spanning tunable frequency comb from a microresonator

We report the generation of an octave-spanning optical frequency comb in a continuous wave laser pumped microresonator. The generated comb spectrum covers the wavelength range from 990 to 2170 nm without relying on additional external broadening. Continuous tunability of the generated frequency comb over more than an entire free spectral range is demonstrated. Moreover, the linewidth of individual optical comb components and its relation to the pump laser phase noise is studied. The ability to derive octave-spanning spectra from microresonator comb generators represents a key step towards f-2f self-referencing of microresonator-based optical frequency combs.     

A tunable,frequency-doubled,continuous-wave dye laser using ADA

A tunable, continuous-wave, frequency-doubled, rhodamine 6G dye laser has been developed using an ADA crystal placed in an astigmatic and coma compensated cavity. Generated UV powers of the order of 30mW cw in a single direction in gaussian form over the range 292–302 nm have been obtained by temperature phase matching, and with a 4.5 W pump. Power output is affected by thermal phase mismatching, and is ultimately limited by thermal lensing. Two scanning systems have been developed; a broadband arrangement of linewidth 0.02 nm continuously tunable over a range of 2 nm, and a narrowband system of linewidth 0.002 nm continuously tunable over a range of 1 nm. The laser has been used to detect the Rydberg states of Rb up to a principal quantum of n = 74.     

Theory of an intracavity Raman laser

The quantum mechanical Langevin equations of a cavity where laser action takes place both by ordinary population inversion and stimulated Raman scattering is discussed for both single mode and multimode oscillation of the pump and Raman laser. Expressions for amplitude correlation and linewidth due to phase diffusion are obtained both for homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening.     

A narrowband single-mode dye laser

The linewidth of a cw-single-mode tunable dye laser has been investigated. It was found that the linewidth is determined by microscopic velocity fluctuations of the turbulent flow within the dye cell of the laser and by fluctuations of the pump power. The linewidth is further influenced by mechanical disturbances and by temperature fluctuations of the dye solution. The results of the investigations made it possible to achieve a reduction of the velocity fluctuations. It is shown that under adequate operating conditions the free-running dye laser has a linewidth of 2 MHz.     

To narrow laser linewidth by utilizing dispersion characteristics of Gires-Tournois etalon

A longer laser resonator length is benefit for laser linewidth, but harmful for single-frequency operation. A novel way is suggested to narrow the bandwidth of a Fabry-Perot （FP） cavity through increasing the derivative of one round-trip phase shift with respect to the frequency. It can be implemented by replacing one of two FP mirrors with a Gires-Tournois etalon （GTE）, called FPCT, as a dispersion element. FPGT resonator has additional axial modes due to the GTE reflection phase shift. Theoretical analyses show that the bandwidth of additional axial modes can be 1% of that of a conventional FP cavity. A distributed feedback （DFB） laser diode can employ FPGT resonator to achieve ultra-narrow linewidth laser. It is shown that the effect of refractivity fluctuation in the gain medium on the linewidth is little, and kilohertz linewidth is achievable for such a device.     

窄线宽脉冲光纤激光的自相位调制预补偿研究

自相位调制(SPM)效应会展宽窄线宽脉冲光纤激光的光谱宽度,降低其相干性.通过相位调制对SPM引起的非线性相移进行预补偿,能够使脉冲激光在光纤中进行放大和传输后保持种子激光的光谱特性.基于三波耦合方程开展数值仿真,研究了在对SPM进行"欠补偿","完全补偿"和"过补偿"的情况下,SPM预补偿对受激布里渊散射阈值和激光光谱特性的影响.开展了SPM预补偿实验研究,将脉冲激光的光谱宽度从1.4 GHz压缩到120 MHz.研究内容可以为窄线宽脉冲光纤激光系统的设计搭建提供参考.     

连续变量1.34 μm量子纠缠态光场的实验制备

设计研制了连续单频671 nm/1342 nm双波长激光器,并通过模式清洁器降低了激光器额外噪声.利用该低噪声连续单频激光器抽运由Ⅱ类准相位匹配晶体构成的双共振非简并光学参量放大器,实验制备出纠缠度达3 dB的光通信波段1.34μm连续变量量子纠缠态光场.该波段量子纠缠态光场在光纤中传输损耗低且相散效应小,与现有的光纤通信系统相兼容,可用于实现基于光纤的实用化连续变量量子通信.     

大功率多波长可转换双包层光纤激光器

在多模掺镱双包层光纤上,利用相位掩模法直接写制Bragg光栅作为激光器后腔镜,得到多波长激光输出.在室温下,通过调节偏振控制器可以得到稳定的单波长及多波长的激光输出,输出波长范围在1 056～1 061 nm,线宽均小于0.02 nm.在25 W的976 nm激光泵浦下,激光器得到功率为6 W的多波长输出.