高效液相色谱与原子荧光光谱联用分析海产品中的甲基汞

建立了高效液相色谱-紫外消解-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱联用测定海产品中甲基汞的方法, 比较了不同溶剂对海产品中甲基汞提取效率的影响. 实验采用质量分数25% (m/V) KOH甲醇溶液, 室温振荡10 h消解样品, CH2Cl2萃取, 再以0.01 mol/L Na2S2O3水溶液反萃取, 并采用HPLC-UV-HG-AFS测定鱼和扇贝萃取液中的甲基汞的含量. 在优化分离和前处理条件下, 平行进样5次10 ng/mL的汞混合标准溶液, 甲基汞、无机汞和乙基汞的色谱峰面积的相对标准偏差(RSDs)分别为4.4%、 3.9%和4.3%, 甲基汞、无机汞和乙基汞的检出限分别为0.069、 0.15和0.046 ng/mL;鱼和扇贝的甲基汞的加标回收率为96±5%和95±5%.     

稳定同位素稀释-气相色谱质谱联用法测定水产品中甲基汞和乙基汞

建立了测定水产品中甲基汞和乙基汞的气相色谱质谱联用分析方法。采用6.0 mol/L HCl超声辅助提取,在NaCl存在下,提取液中甲基汞和乙基汞可被甲苯萃取,再用半胱氨酸反萃取,加入CuSO4释放出的甲基汞和乙基汞与四苯硼钠反应,生成甲基苯基汞和乙基苯基汞,经DB-5MS毛细柱分离,选择离子监测方式(SIM)质谱检测,以d3-甲基汞作为内标的稳定同位素稀释法定量。甲基汞和乙基汞标准曲线的线性范围均为1~500μg/L,国家标准参考物质(GBW 10029)6次测定的甲基汞(以汞计)平均值为0.828 mg/kg,相对标准偏差为3.2%,与证书参考值(0.84±0.03)mg/kg(以汞计)一致。鱼、虾和贝类等不同种类水产品中甲基汞和乙基汞的平均加标回收率分别为94%~101%和81%~104%,相对标准偏差在1.9%~4.7%和3.1%~8.2%范围内(n=6),样品的检出限为0.1~0.3μg/kg(S/N=3)。方法灵敏,准确,可用于水产品中甲基汞和乙基汞的测定。     

水产品中甲基汞测定的液相色谱-原子荧光光谱联用方法的改进

对本实验室前期建立的食品中甲基汞的液相色谱-原子荧光光谱联用测定方法进行了改进。采用无毒的半胱氨酸代替有毒试剂巯基乙醇作为流动相中的配位剂,流动相组成为5%(v/v)乙腈-1 g/L半胱氨酸-50 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液,使汞化合物分离时间缩短至8 min。在优化条件下,甲基汞标准曲线的线性范围为1～50 μg/L,检出限(S/N=3)为0.3 μg/L。采用超声波辅助5 mol/L HCl提取样品中的甲基汞,提取液经C18固相萃取小柱净化后进样。鱼、虾、贝等不同种类水产动物样品以及水产类膳食样品的甲基汞加标回收率为89%～112%。对标准参考物质NIST1566b、BCR464和GBW10029以及英国食品分析水平评估计划(Food Analysis Performance Assessment Scheme, FAPAS)的罐装鱼肉样品(样品编号07115)的测定结果与参考物定值相符,验证了该方法的可靠性与准确性。本方法可满足食品中甲基汞检测的需要。     

高效液相色谱与原子荧光光谱联用分析汞化合物形态的研究

建立了高效液相色谱与原子荧光光谱联用测定汞化合物形态的分析方法。实验对淋洗液组分浓度、氧化剂和还原剂浓度、载气流速及紫外消解管长度等操作条件进行了优化,获得了令人满意的分析结果。在优化的分离检测条件下,20μg/L的汞化合物标准溶液平行7次进样分析,甲基汞、无机汞和乙基汞的色谱峰高的相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为2.0%、2.9%和2.4%;3种汞化合物的线性范围为10~1000μg/L,25μL进样检出限分别为3、2和4μg/L。用建立的方法测定了脉红螺样品中甲基汞的含量,甲基汞和乙基汞的加标回收率分别为90%和92%。     

高效液相色谱-原子荧光光谱法测定化妆品中的无机汞、甲基汞、乙基汞

建立高效液相色谱–原子荧光光谱法对化妆品中无机汞、甲基汞、乙基汞进行测定。优化后的实验条件:负高压为300 V,灯电流为50 mA,炉温为200℃,还原剂为20 g/L硼氢化钾–5 g/L氢氧化钠溶液,流动相为5%甲醇–60 mmol/L乙酸铵–0.1%L-半胱氨酸溶液,载液为10%的盐酸。结果表明,无机汞、甲基汞、乙基汞的质量浓度在0～10μg/L范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,相关系数分别为0.999 7,0.998 3,0.999 3,方法的检出限均为0.067 mg/kg。测定结果的相对标准偏差为3.6%～4.8%(n=6),样品加标回收率为80.0%～97.3%。该方法快速、准确,灵敏度高,检测成本低,适用于化妆品中无机汞、甲基汞、乙基汞的测定。     

水相衍生-气相色谱-质谱法同时测定水产品中甲基汞和无机砷

建立了同时测定水产品中甲基汞和无机砷的水相衍生-气相色谱-质谱联用分析方法。采用6 mol/L盐酸超声辅助提取水产品中的甲基汞与无机砷,于-10℃冷冻离心后,提取液中的无机砷（As³⁺与As⁵⁺）与2,3-二巯基丙醇（BAL）溶液于35℃水浴中衍生反应30 min,用甲苯萃取衍生物与甲基汞,萃取前加入无水乙醇避免非脂成分进入有机相中,向甲苯萃取液中添加甲基汞的衍生剂四苯硼钠溶液（pH 3.6）。采用选择离子监测（SIM）模式,外标法测定水产品中的甲基汞与无机砷。结果表明,水产品中甲基汞与无机砷在5～2000 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数（r）均大于0.999;检出限为0.7～3 μg/kg （S/N=3）。在10、100、1000 μg/kg加标水平下,方法加标回收率为80.0%～110.0%,相对标准偏差（n=6）为2.5%～9.4%。该方法操作简便、准确、灵敏度高,已成功应用于水产品中无机砷与甲基汞的食品污染物风险监测中。     

光诱导蒸气发生-高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用测定汞形态

以紫外光诱导化学蒸气(UV-CVG)发生为接口,建立了高效液相色谱与电感耦合等离子体质谱联用测定无机汞、甲基汞的分析方法.对色谱条件、紫外光化学反应还原剂甲酸浓度、紫外光化学反应管长度等系统操作条件进行了优化.在优化的系统条件下,4 μg/L无机汞和甲基汞的色谱峰高的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)分别为0.72％和0.66％;无机汞和甲基汞的线性范围为0.1～10μg/L,100 μL进样检出限分别为0.011和0.0093 μg/L.用DORM-2角鲨鱼肉参考物质验证了方法的准确性,测试结果与推荐值吻合;对沼泽湿地水样中无机汞和甲基汞的加标回收率分别在99％～106％和94％～110％范围内.     

高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用测定生物样品中无机汞和甲基汞

建立了高效液相色谱(HPLC)和电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)联用测定多种生物样品中的无机汞和甲基汞的方法,并对比了提取生物样品中无机汞和甲基汞的不同前处理方法。实验使用5 mol/L的盐酸超声波提取样品中的无机汞和甲基汞。高效液相色谱流动相为含有0.06 mol/L醋酸氨,20μg/L B i,0.1%(V/V)2-巯基乙醇的5%(V/V)甲醇-水溶液,色谱柱为C18反相柱(5μm,3.9 mm×150 mm)。提取液在液相色谱中分离后,进入电感耦合等离子体质谱检测其中无机汞和甲基汞的浓度。测定了人发(GBW 07601),对虾(GBW 08572),鱼肉组织(IAEA MA-B-3/TM)和牛肝(GBW 080193)4种生物标准参考物,结果与标准参考物的标准值相符。无机汞和甲基汞检出限分别为0.3和0.2μg/L。     

液相色谱–电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定水产品中甲基汞的不确定度评定

建立液相色谱–电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定水产品中甲基汞的不确定度评定方法。根据液相色谱–电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定水产品中甲基汞的实验过程,建立数学模型,分析不确定度来源,包括样品称量、样品处理、标准溶液配制、标准曲线拟合以及测量重复性引入的不确定度,分别计算各不确定度分量,并合成标准不确定度和扩展不确定度。当取样量为0.5 g左右,置信区间为95%时,包含因子k=2,海鱼中甲基汞测定结果的扩展不确定度为0.044 mg/kg。测定过程中不确定主要来源于标准溶液配制及标准曲线拟合。该方法可为液相色谱–电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定水产品中甲基汞含量的质量控制和不确定评定提供参考依据。     

全自动蒸馏前处理-ID/GC-ICP-MS测定海水中痕量甲基汞

建立了基于自动蒸馏前处理,气相色谱-电感耦合等离子质谱联用(GC-ICP-MS),同位素稀释法(ID)测定海水中痕量甲基汞的分析方法。结果表明,自动蒸馏仪在45 min内即可完成海水样品的蒸馏,采用Br Cl溶液能有效消除蒸馏管路中甲基汞的残留,降低实验空白;同位素稀释剂的添加量对甲基汞的测定结果无明显影响,样品中总汞质量浓度低于1. 0μg·L~(-1)时,因操作产生的甲基汞量可忽略不计。海水中甲基汞的加标回收率为98. 2%~122%,天然海水及加标海水中甲基汞的相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为16%和5. 4%,方法检出限为0. 009 ng·L~(-1)。以大连湾表层海水为实际样品,测得水样中甲基汞的质量浓度的平均值为(0. 103±0. 036) ng·L~(-1),方法可满足近岸海水中痕量甲基汞的分析要求。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.