The binding energy of 184 476 X in the droplet model

The positron spectrum emitted in the U-U-reaction at subthreshold energy could be interpreted in terms of the formation of a giant nucleus if the binding of the latter is 100 MeV stronger than predicted by the usual droplet model parametrisation. We analyse the extrapolation to giant nuclei by accounting properly for the error propagation when the parameters are fitted to measured binding energies and radii. The influence of higher order terms is discussed.     

Concerted motion of protons in hydrogen bonds of DNA-type molecules

We study the dynamical behavior of proton transfer in hydrogen bonds in the base pairs of double helices of the DNA type. Under the assumption that the elastic and tunnelling degrees of freedom may be coupled, we derive a nonlinear and nonlocal Schrödinger equation (NLNLS) that describes the concerted motion of the proton tunnelling. Rough estimates of the solutions to the NLNLS show an intimate interplay between the concerted tunnelling of protons and the symmetry of the double helix.     

A parametrisation of the direct correlation function for the square-shoulder fluid

We introduce a parametrisation of the direct correlation function for the square-shoulder fluid and demonstrate that this parametrisation is in quantitative agreement with the numerical solution of the Ornstein–Zernike equation within the Percus–Yevick approximation. Moreover, the radial distribution function obtained from the parametrisation reproduces quantitatively Monte Carlo simulation data. Our results show that the parametrisation is accurate over a large regime of densities for different interaction ranges and potential strengths.     

Nuclear clusters in dissipative medium

An exact solution of channel coupling equations describing the relative motion of two heavy clusters was analyzed without additional (commonly used) simplifications concerning a restricted number of the channels and low excitation energy in comparison with the total energy. It was found that excitation of even very simple quantum system with only one degree of freedom may reveal the dissipative features at slow collisions if the spectra of this system is sufficiently random. An excitation of such a system at sub-barrier tunnelling increases significantly (by several orders) the transmission probability, in spite of the large dissipation of relative motion kinetic energy occurs. At deep sub-barrier energies the soft degrees of freedom are excited with the most probability. Dynamics of wave packet in dissipative environment was also analyzed and a new effect of wave packet sticking to a potential wall due to its tangling and time delay inside the inelastic channels was found.     

Quantum control of two interacting electrons in a coupled quantum dot

Quantum-state engineering, i.e. active manipulation over the coherent dynamics of suitable quantum-mechanical systems, has become a fascinating prospect of modern physics. Here we discuss the dynamics of two interacting electrons in a coupled quantum dot driven by an external electric field. The results show that the two quantum dots can be used to prepare a maximally entangled Bell state by changing the strength and duration of an oscillatory electric field. Different from the suggestion made by Loss \textit et al (1998 Phys. Rev. A 57 120, the present entanglement involves the spatial degree of freedom for the two electrons. We also find that the coherent tunnelling suppression discussed by Grossmann \textit et al (1991 Phys. Rev. Lett. 67 516 persists in the two-particle case: i.e. two electrons initially localized in one dot can remain dynamically localized, although the strong Coulomb repulsion prevents them from behaving so. Surprisingly, the interaction enhances the degree of localization to a large extent compared with that in the non-interacting case. This phenomenon is referred to as the Coulomb-enhanced dynamical localization.     

Deuteron spin-lattice relaxation in ammonium hexachlorometallates

Deuteron spin-lattice relaxation via the motion-dependent part of the electric quadrupole interaction is discussed in partly and fully deuterated ammonium ions of ammonium hexachlorometallates. The dominant motion at temperatures T>50K is normally 120 degrees reorientations of the ammonium ions. In some hexachlorometallates the instantaneous equilibrium directions of the nitrogen-hydrogen vectors make a certain angle Delta with the metal-nitrogen vectors and they appear in groups of six near each metal-hydrogen vector. Each N-D vector jumps between the six directions of one group and this motion (called limited jumps) dominates the deuteron relaxation at lower temperatures. In some samples one direction of each group seems to become more populated than the others when the deuteration degree exceeds a certain value and the ammonium ions become ordered. A model is derived for the relaxation rate in the absence of tunnelling splittings, which includes the effects of reorientations and limited jumps also in the ordered structure, where the limited-jump rate of a N-D vector to the preferred direction, r(p), differs from that to the nonpreferred direction, r(n). The obtained relaxation rate depends, in addition to the angle Delta, also on the ratio d=r(n)/r(p). The effect of d is discussed and estimates for it are presented on the basis of earlier experiments. The recent model for the deuteron relaxation in NH(3)D(+) ions, including the effect of proton tunnelling, is shortly reviewed. At lowest temperatures the motional rates can be dominated by corresponding incoherent tunnelling and the rate of the incoherent tunnelling contributing to limited jumps is argued to be clearly larger than that of the incoherent tunnelling contributing to approximately 120 degrees rotations.     

关于力学系统的自由度的讨论

对大学物理教材中广泛采用的自由度的概念进行了讨论,并用简洁易懂的方法计算了N个粒子组成的系统的自由度.     

Fusion hindrance in the neck evolution of symmetric nuclear reactions

Fusion hindrance in the radial degree of freedom for massive nuclear reactions is known for a long time. However the present work shows that the fusion hindrance also exists in the neck evolution. We calculate the potential at different distances and different neck parameters by the two-center liquid drop model and then check whether fusion hindrance exists in the neck evolution by examing the sign of slope of potential vs. the neck parameter. The area of fusion hindrance in the neck evolution is shown.     

On the validity of boson mapping

The validity of boson mapping is discussed. It is shown that in order for any boson mapping to be succesful, it must fulfill the requirements that (a) the underlying fermionic degree of freedom, measured in terms of the total degeneracy Ω, is sufficiently large; (b) the required boson subspace is a good subspace and (c) the states must not be spurious.     

Rational parametrisation of normalised stiefel manifolds,and explicit non-'t hooft solutions of the Atiyah-Drinfeld-Hitchin-Manin instanton matrix equations for Sp(n)

It is proved that normalised Stiefel manifolds admit a rational parametrisation which generalises Cayley's parametrisation of the unitary groups. Applying (the quaternionic case of) this parametrisation to the Atiyah-Drinfeld-Hitchin-Manin (ADHM) instanton matrix equations, large families of new explicit rational solutions emerge. In particular, new explicit non-'t Hooft solutions are presented.     

Zur Theorie der einatomigen,flüssigen Metalle

The liquid state is described by means of a hindered, translatational degree of freedom. Expressions for the activation energy at the temperature of fusion, the binding energy, the latent heat of evaporation, the triple point, the vapour pressure and for a Lindemann-type formula could be derived.     

Inclusive production of antihyperons in nC-interactions

The inclusive production cross-sections of , , and in neutron-carbon interactions at GeV mean energy of neutrons have been measured. The parameters n and b of differential cross-section parametrisation , where x_F is the Feynman variable, p_t is the transverse momentum, have been obtained. The kinematic region of validity of the parametrisation has been defined. Results are compared with published experimental data. Received: 7 June 2002 / Revised version: 23 January 2003 / Published online: 3 March 2003     

Dependence of the anomalous fading of the TL and blue-OSL of fluorapatite on the occupancy of the tunnelling recombination sites

The anomalous fading (AF) of thermoluminescence (TL) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) signals in Durango apatite is attributed to tunnelling effects. Electrons from the TL and OSL traps in this material are transferred, via a tunnelling effect, to the recombination sites. The availability of recombination sites for tunnelled electrons is of major importance for the degree of AF rate observed in this material. It is expected that a variation of the number of the electron recombination sites will be reflected in the experimentally measured AF rate. In the present work an investigation of the recombination sites for the tunnelled electrons is attempted by studying the AF effect using a special technique, in which the anomalously faded TL (OSL) is replaced by an equal amount of TL (OSL) induced by a beta dose.     

Geometric optics approach to optical fibre excitation by partially coherent sources

A general partially coherent source field on the end of an optical fibre has been represented by a characteristic angular spectrum of independent plane waves. The launching of both trapped and tunnelling (leaky) power is investigated for both step and graded-index fibres by considering the effect of one component of the angular spectrum, using geometric optics acceptance theory. The effect of the degree of coherence on the pulse response of the fibres is briefly discussed.     

Conditional and unconditional Gaussian quantum dynamics

This article focuses on the general theory of open quantum systems in the Gaussian regime and explores a number of diverse ramifications and consequences of the theory. We shall first introduce the Gaussian framework in its full generality, including a classification of Gaussian (also known as ‘general-dyne’) quantum measurements. In doing so, we will give a compact proof for the parametrisation of the most general Gaussian completely positive map, which we believe to be missing in the existing literature. We will then move on to consider the linear coupling with a white noise bath, and derive the diffusion equations that describe the evolution of Gaussian states under such circumstances. Starting from these equations, we outline a constructive method to derive general master equations that apply outside the Gaussian regime. Next, we include the general-dyne monitoring of the environmental degrees of freedom and recover the Riccati equation for the conditional evolution of Gaussian states. Our derivation relies exclusively on the standard quantum mechanical update of the system state, through the evaluation of Gaussian overlaps. The parametrisation of the conditional dynamics we obtain is novel and, at variance with existing alternatives, directly ties in to physical detection schemes. We conclude our study with two examples of conditional dynamics that can be dealt with conveniently through our formalism, demonstrating how monitoring can suppress the noise in optical parametric processes as well as stabilise systems subject to diffusive scattering.     

A theory of cold nuclear fusion in deuterium-loaded palladium

Deuterium gas compressed in a palladium lattice is considered to form a quantum plasma of bosons leading to significant screening of the Coulomb potential between deuterium ions. The resulting enhancement of the quantum mechanical tunnelling probability adequately explains the recently observed cold fusion rates.     

多自由度测试技术的发展

介绍目前较常用的多种多自由度测试技术，给出每种测试技术的测试原理和应用场合，比较各种技术的优缺点和适用范围，讨论该技术发展的方向。     

Slowly relaxing tunneling states in neutron-irradiated quartz: A study of the internal friction at audio-frequencies

The internal friction of two neutron-irradiated quartz samples was measured at audio-frequency as a function of temperature. This is an extension of acoustic measurements to much lower frequencies and thus to much longer time scales. A temperature independent behaviour has been observed and is discussed in the framework of the tunnelling model. One of the major assumptions of this model regarding the tunnelling states with long relaxation time could be verified for neutron-irradiated quartz.     

五参数哑铃模型中核熔合反应的新奇不稳定度

在原子核熔合反应或裂变反应的动力学过程中,颈部变量都起着非常重要的作用。通常情况下,模型中变量的定义根据各种描述宏观形变的参数的不同而不同。为了进一步研究颈部增长在核熔合反应中的作用,通过引入弹核和靶核的形变参量来拓展哑铃模型。在此框架下,计算了从两个接触核到生成一个复合核过程的核熔合反应系统在不同形变下的势能曲面,同时又对核熔合反应体系的惯性张量和粘滞张量进行了计算,这些物理量的计算都为以后的朗之万动力学研究打下了基础。计算结果表明,在改进后的五参数哑铃模型之中,颈部变量是不稳定度并在核反应中起重要作用。