功能化的石墨烯和磁铁掺杂的还原氧化石墨烯对亚甲基蓝的吸附作用

用简单可行的方法合成了功能化的石墨烯(GNSPF6)和磁铁掺杂的还原氧化石墨烯(RGO-Fe3O4),并进一步研究了pH值、接触的时间和温度对它们吸附亚甲基蓝(MB)的影响.结果表明,随着pH值和温度的增加其吸附量也随之变大,从而说明该吸附过程是自发吸热的.因为GNSPF6的吸附过程只用了不到20min的时间,所以它的吸附是高效的.用经典的准一级反应、准二级反应和粒内扩散模型对其吸附过程进行动态分析,从结果可以发现,准二级动力学模型比准一级动力学模型更适用于描述吸附过程.采用传统的Langmuir,Freundlich和L-F吸附等温线模型来模拟分析数据,在20℃时,由Langmuir吸附等温线模型模拟分析得知GNSPF6和RGO-Fe3O4对MB的最大吸附量分别为374.4和118.4mg/g.     

Adsorption of Zn(II) on graphene oxide prepared from low‐purity of amorphous graphite

The adsorption of Zn(II) in aqueous solutions on graphene oxide (GO) prepared from low‐purity of natural amorphous graphite has been studied in this work. The study was performed through the measurements of Zeta potential, atomic force microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectrum and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results indicated that the adsorption followed the Langmuir model with the maximum Zn(II) adsorption capacity of 73 mg/g at pH 7.0. In addition, the adsorption was well described by the pseudo‐second‐order kinetics model. The mechanism of the Zn(II) adsorption on GO was mainly attributed to chemical adsorption through complexation reaction between Zn(II) and hydroxyl or carboxyl groups on the GO sheets, while the electrostatic interaction also contribute to the whole interaction. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高效液相色谱法测定头孢他啶的含量及杂质

采用高效液相色谱法测定了头孢他啶的含量及杂质。以Alltima C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)为分离柱,以乙腈和磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH 3.9)分别为流动相A和流动相B进行梯度洗脱,流速1.3 mL/min,柱温35 ℃,紫外检测波长255 nm。从头孢他啶药物中共分出14个杂质,且14个杂质间具有良好的分离度。头孢他啶在0.267~1069 μg/mL范围内与峰面积具有良好的线性关系(r=1.0000);其定量限(S/N=10)和最低检出限(S/N=3)分别为3.1 ng和0.93 ng。3个浓度的日内测定值的相对标准偏差(RSD）为0.72%(n=3),日间测定值的RSD为0.91%(n=3)。头孢他啶溶液在4 ℃避光条件下放置24 h保持稳定。本方法与欧洲/英国药典和日本药局方的方法比较,具有分离杂质数量多、分离度好的优点。     

氧原子吸附调控蓝磷/石墨烯异质结构的肖特基势垒

控制纳米电子器件的p型传输仍然是降低肖特基势垒的主要挑战。为了解决这个问题,采用半经验色散校正方案的第一性原理,系统研究了不同浓度的O原子吸附掺杂对蓝磷/石墨烯异质结构层间相互作用和电子性质的影响。结果表明,异质结界面内的O原子吸附可以增强界面结合。并通过改变界面内O原子吸附浓度来调节p型肖特基势垒的高度。进一步发现,通过增加界面内O原子的吸附浓度,可以降低p型肖特基势垒的高度,从而实现高效的电荷转移。最后,界面电荷的重新分布会导致费米能级的移动,而费米能级决定了肖特基势垒的高度。     

氧原子吸附调控蓝磷/石墨烯异质结构的肖特基势垒

控制纳米电子器件的p型传输仍然是降低肖特基势垒的主要挑战。为了解决这个问题,采用半经验色散校正方案的第一性原理,系统研究了不同浓度的O原子吸附掺杂对蓝磷/石墨烯异质结构层间相互作用和电子性质的影响。结果表明,异质结界面内的O原子吸附可以增强界面结合。并通过改变界面内O原子吸附浓度来调节p型肖特基势垒的高度。进一步发现,通过增加界面内O原子的吸附浓度,可以降低p型肖特基势垒的高度,从而实现高效的电荷转移。最后,界面电荷的重新分布会导致费米能级的移动,而费米能级决定了肖特基势垒的高度。     

A parallel pore and surface diffusion model for predicting the adsorption and elution profiles of lispro insulin and two impurities in gradient-elution reversed phase chromatography

Lispro insulin (LPI), a widely used insulin analog, is produced on tons per year scale. Linear gradient reversed phase chromatography (RPC) is used in the production to separate LPI from two impurities, which differ from LPI by a single amino acid residue. A chromatography model for the ternary separation in this RPC process is unavailable from the literature. In this study, a parallel pore and surface diffusion model is developed and verified for LPI and the two impurities. The LPI can be recovered with high yield (≥95%) and high purity (>99.5%). A new method, which requires a small amount of materials and an order of magnitude fewer experiments, has been developed to estimate the solvent-modulated isotherm parameters. A modified reversed phase modulator model is developed to correlate the adsorption isotherms of LPI and impurities. A strategy has been developed for estimating the intrinsic pore diffusivity and surface diffusivity. Since the adsorption affinities decrease by more than three orders of magnitude as organic fraction (φ) increases from 0.19 to 0.40, the apparent diffusivities based on a pore diffusion model or a surface diffusion model can also vary by several orders of magnitude. For this reason, a pore diffusion model or a surface diffusion model with a constant apparent diffusivity cannot predict closely the chromatograms over the same range of organic fractions, concentrations, and loadings. The parallel pore and surface diffusion model with constant diffusivities can predict closely the frontal and elution profiles over a wide range of organic fractions (0.19-0.40), LPI concentrations (0.05-18 g/L), linear velocities (<10 cm/min), and loading volume (0.0004-13 CV). For large loading stepwise and linear gradient elution, the peaks of LPI and the impurities are strongly focused by self-sharpening and gradient focusing effects as a result of the steep decrease of adsorption affinity from the loading φ (0.19) to elution φ (≥0.27). When the ratio of diffusion rate to convection rate is greater than 10, spreading due to diffusion is largely compensated by the focusing effects. As a result, a pore diffusion model with a constant pore diffusivity can predict closely the elution profiles in stepwise and linear gradient elution. The experimental yield values (≥95%) can be predicted to within ±1% by the model.     

梯度洗脱高效液相色谱法测定红花玉兰中4种植物激素

建立了梯度洗脱高效液相色谱法测定红花玉兰中赤霉素(GA3)、生长素(IAA)、脱落酸(ABA)和玉米素(ZT)等4种植物激素的方法。采用Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18柱和紫外检测器,以甲醇和0.1 mol/L乙酸作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速1 mL/min,进样量10μL。GA3,IAA和ABA的检测波长为254 nm,柱温35℃;ZT的检测波长为270 nm,柱温40℃。采用外标法进行定量测定,4种植物激素的相关系数均大于0.9990。4种激素的回收率为98.1%~125.2%,相对标准偏差为0.31%~0.92%,日内和日间精密度RSD均<10%。方法可适用于红花玉兰多种组织的植物激素测定,为红花玉兰生长发育特性的研究奠定了基础。     

离子色谱非梯度洗脱法同时测定7种稀土元素的研究

研究了离子色谱非梯度洗脱法同时测定7种稀土元素的方法,用草酸一元淋洗液,采用非梯度洗脱方式,以PAR为显色荆,在520nm处对7种稀土元素同时进行检测。考察了淋洗液的组成、浓度、pH及流量等因素对被测组分分离和测定的影响,选择了显色剂的浓度、流量和检测波长,并进行了干扰实验,在选定的最佳分离测定条件下,测定了7种稀土元素的线性回归方程、检出限0．04～0．20mg／L,回收率在94．3％～101．5％之间。本方法已用于稀土氧化物的高温氯化产物中稀土元素的测定。     

Study of ion adsorption at passive iron by using the impedance and photoadmittance methods

Intensity-modulated photocurrent (photoadmittance) and electrochemical impedance of anodicoxidized iron electrode in neutral nitrate solutions and in the presence of Ba²⁺, Ca²⁺, Cl^?, and C₆H₅COO^? (benzoate) are studied. It is shown that the ion adsorption at passive iron affects but slightly the system’s impedance; by contrast, it affects the photocurrent value significantly: when adsorbing, the anions increase the photoeffect, while the cations decrease it. These effects are associated with the potential drop redistribution in the Helmholtz layer and the film. The dissimilar changes of the generation current in the presence of similarly charged ions at their equal concentration evidence their different adsorption activity. The correlation between the generation current and surface-active ion concentration in solution is found. The photoelectrochemical spectroscopy allows evaluating qualitatively the surface-active ion adsorption at the passive iron and judging on the ion adsorption by the dependence of the generation current on the ion concentration.     

Facile synthesis of magnetic hybrid metal–organic frameworks with high adsorption capacity for methylene blue

A magnetic hybrid material (Fe₃O₄‐COOH/HKUST‐1) was easily synthesized via a two‐step simple solvothermal method. Through adding sodium acrylate directly into the synthesis of Fe₃O₄ spheres, the surface has more carboxyl groups. It is notable that the reactions proceed without use of organic surfactants. The magnetic hybrid material was characterized using various techniques. The magnetic hybrid material has a high specific surface area (430.15 m² g⁻¹) and excellent magnetism (23.65 emu g⁻¹). It is an efficient adsorbent for removing organic dyes like methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution. It also can be easily recovered from liquid media using an external magnetic field. Adsorption experiment shows the magnetic hybrid material possesses a high adsorption capacity (118.6 mg g⁻¹), and has high adsorption efficiency (94.3%) after five adsorption cycles with ethanol (0.2% HCl) as eluent. The sorption kinetics and isotherm analysis indicate these sorption processes are better fitted to the pseudo‐second‐order and Langmuir equations. Thermodynamic study shows the sorption processes are spontaneous and endothermic.     

RP-HPLC拆分普萘洛尔对映体的洗脱顺序及其荧光响应研究

应用反相高效液相色谱法,以（Ｒ,Ｒ）－Ｏ,Ｏ－二乙酰基酒石酸酐（ＤＡＴＡＡＮ）为手性衍生化试剂,拆分了普萘洛尔（ｐｒｏｐｒａｎｏｌｏｌ）对映体。实验结果显示：普萘洛尔对映体经衍生化而生成的两个非对映异构体分子的空间结构有着明显的差异,即（Ｒ,Ｒ,Ｒ）－异构体中存在着分子内氢键,而（Ｒ,Ｒ,Ｓ）－异构体中却没有,这种结构上的区别不仅成为控制洗脱顺序的主要因素,而且对其荧光响应也产生重要的影响。     

铜离子印迹聚合物的吸附性能研究EI北大核心CSCD

以二苯氨基脲为功能单体,合成了铜离子印迹聚合物(Cu^(2+)-IIPs),并用于Cu^(2+)的快速吸附检测。对Cu^(2+)-IIPs进行了表征,考察了其对Cu^(2+)的吸附特性。结果表明,Cu^(2+)-IIPs为球型状颗粒且粒径分布均匀,印迹位点位于表面及空穴中,对Cu^(2+)的吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型,吸附速率受表面吸附和内部扩散共同影响。较之Langmuir模型和Tempkin模型,Freundlich模型能更好地拟合吸附等温线,说明属于多层吸附;ΔG^(0),ΔH^(0)和ΔS^(0)的数据显示,吸附是一个自发进行的、吸热的、熵增大的过程;Cu^(2+)-IIPs对Cu^(2+)的吸附量远大于具有相似结构和性质的其它重金属离子,因而具有良好的吸附选择性。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法分离鉴定单唾液酸四己糖神经节苷脂中的杂质

用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）分析了单唾液酸四己糖神经节苷脂(GM1)药物的冻干粉、中间体和注射液各6个批号的样品,以期查找出采用不同工艺生产的成品中造成临床副反应的可能杂质。在用HPLC对多个批号GM1成药的对比分析中,发现某个批号的GM1干粉中多出2个杂质峰,其保留时间与制作该批号的GM1中间体的2个杂质峰保留值相同。对该批号的GM1干粉和相应批号的GM1中间体中的目标杂质进行半制备级收集,经冷冻干燥除溶剂富集35倍后,用电喷雾-四极杆-飞行时间质谱（ESI-Q-TOF MS）定性分析,对主分子离子峰进行了二级质谱分析。经谱图解析后,推断在GM1干粉和中间体中存在的保留值相同的杂质可能是同种组分。两个杂质峰的结构皆为岩藻糖(Fuc)-GM1,仅是神经酰胺上的长链基团有所不同,峰1的该基团由16个CH2组成,而峰2的该基团由18个CH2组成。临床数据表明含有上述两种杂质的2批GM1注射液都有副反应,而没有上述杂质的4批GM1注射液都没有临床副反应,而且这两批有临床副反应的GM1注射液都是用同一个批号的含有这两种杂质的中间体制成的,因此推断上述两个杂质可能是引起副反应的主要组分。     

无机离子对Ag_3PO_4可见光降解亚甲基蓝的影响

以亚甲基蓝(MB)为模拟废水污染物,Ag3PO4为光催化剂,固定污染物初始浓度、催化剂用量、光照强度和照射时间等,探讨不同浓度的无机阴、阳离子(NO-3、Cl-、SO2-4、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Al 3+)对Ag3PO4光催化降解偶氮染料MB的影响.结果表明,Na+和NO-3对Ag3PO4光催化降解MB没有明显的影响;Cl-在一定程度上对MB的降解具有促进作用;SO2-4、Ca2+、Mg2+、Al3+在不同程度上抑制了该光催化反应的进行,且抑制顺序为SO2-4Ca2+Mg2+Al 3+.     

化学-微波法制备高膨胀率膨胀蛭石及对亚甲基蓝的吸附机理

基于工业蛭石优异的热膨胀性及阳离子交换性,利用化学-微波法制备高膨胀率膨胀蛭石(HEV),采用对比分析法对亚甲基蓝(MB)的吸附性能进行了研究。结果表明,HEV膨胀率高(膨胀率K=60倍),比表面积大(80 m^2·g^-1),孔径主要分布在2~5 nm之间,仍保持蛭石、水金云母和金云母的物相结构,阳离子交换容量由原样的0.835 mmol·g^-1增加到1.005 mmol·g^-1。HEV对MB的吸附容量受MB初始浓度、吸附时间、溶液pH和吸附温度影响。当MB溶液初始浓度为300 mg·L-1、吸附时间为240 min、溶液pH值为9、吸附温度为298 K时,吸附量为419.87 mg·g^-1,远高于蛭石原矿。吸附过程符合Langmuir模型与准二级动力学模型,为单分子层吸附和吸附势垒较低的自发无序吸热反应过程。HEV具有优异的阳离子交换性和吸附性,是一种具有开发价值的高效低成本吸附剂。     

稀土氧化物修饰的富勒烯-二氧化钛复合材料光催化降解亚甲基蓝(英文)

Rare earth oxide-treated fullerene and titania composites (Y-fullerene/TiO2) were prepared by the sol-gel method. The products had interesting surface compositions. X-ray diffraction patterns of the composites showed that the Y-fullerene/TiO2 composites contained a single and clear anatase phase. The surface properties were observed by scanning electron microscopy, which gave a characterization of the texture on the Y-fullerene/TiO2 composites and showed a homogenous distribution of titanium particles. The ...     

超高效液相色谱-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱法测定硝苯地平中痕量基因毒性杂质

建立了测定硝苯地平中基因毒性杂质2、6和12的超高效液相色谱-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱法(UHPLC-Orbitrap HRMS).样品以甲醇为溶剂,提取后直接进样分析.采用ACE EXCELTM 3 C18-AR色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,3μm)分离,流动相为甲醇-0.1％甲酸水(65:35,v/v),等度洗...     

Enhanced cycle performance of Li/S battery with the reduced graphene oxide/activated carbon functional interlayer

The high-energy lithium/sulfur(Li/S) battery has become a very popular topic of research in recent years due to its high theoretical capacity of 1672 m Ah/g. However, the polysulfide shuttle effect remains of great concern with a great number of publications dedicated to its mitigation. In this contribution, a three-dimensional(3D) reduced graphene oxide/activated carbon(RGO/AC) film, synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method and convenient mechanical pressing, is sandwiched between the separator and the sulfur-based cathode, acting as a functional interlayer to capture and trap polysulfide species. Consequently, the Li/S cell with this interlayer shows an impressive initial discharge capacity of 1078 m Ah/g and a reversible capacity of 655 m Ah/g even after 100 cycles. The RGO/AC interlayer impedes the movement of polysulfide while providing unimpeded channels for lithium ion mass transfer. Therefore, the RGO/AC interlayer with a well-designed structure represents strong potential for high-performance Li/S batteries.     

Enhanced dehumidification performance of PVA membranes by tuning the water state through incorporating organophosphorus acid

A novel thin film composite membrane with superior propylene dehumidification performance was prepared by coating a high hydrophilic organophosphorus acid ethylene diamine tetra(methylene phosphonic acid) (EDTMPA) doped poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) on polysulfone (PS) hollow fiber membranes. Experimental studies and molecular dynamics simulations were combined to probe the existing states and the transport mechanism of water in the membranes. Water vapor sorption experiments revealed that the enhanced dehumidification performance was governed by the diffusion process. Water states and water distribution were investigated by molecular dynamics simulation. At low EDTMPA content (<10 wt.%), states of the water were not obviously changed and the increase of water diffusion coefficient was mainly attributed to enlarged free volume of the membrane. At high EDTMPA content (10–30 wt.%), the increase in the water diffusion coefficient mainly arose from the variations in the water states. Strong interaction between PVA and EDTMPA reduced the amount of water that bounded to the PVA and increased the proportion of free water. The diffusion coefficients of water increased with increasing proportion of free water, since the mobility of free water was higher than that of bound water. The permeance of water reached 997.7 GPU for the PVA–EDTMPA/PS membrane with a 20 wt.% EDTMPA content when the proportion of free water was the highest, and the separation factor increased to infinity.     

梯度洗脱优化-离子色谱-脉冲安培法分析婴幼儿配方乳粉中的糖和糖醇

建立了梯度洗脱优化-离子色谱-脉冲安培检测技术分析婴幼儿配方乳粉中麦芽糖醇、半乳糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、果糖、乳糖6种与代谢疾病紧密相关的糖和糖醇的方法。该方法对样品的前处理、色谱柱的选择、淋洗液的梯度等色谱条件进行了优化,重点研究了淋洗液梯度对各组分分离效果的影响。将梯度洗脱程序分解为弱保留组分分离、乳糖分离、基质消除、系统平衡4个子程序,并分别对其进行了条件优化,实现了6种组分的完全分离,并有效解决了弱保留组分色谱峰易重叠、乳糖色谱峰易拖尾等现象。6种组分的线性范围为0.5~100 mg/L,相关系数（r）>0.99,方法的检出限（S/N=3）为0.06~0.40 mg/L。该方法具有分离度好、灵敏度高等优点,可满足例行分析的要求,同时也为淋洗液的梯度优化提供了可借鉴的方法。