Ag|kCl|六氢吡啶体系表面增强喇曼散射效应的猝灭和恢复

在简述近年来电化学体系中表面增强喇曼散射(SERS)活性位置研究的实验结果和有关论述后, 着重报道作者在Ag/KCl/六氢吡啶体系中, Ag-Cl振动峰和六氢吡啶诸振动峰的强度, 在一定电位范围内电极被施加负脉冲电位后的同步下降, 以及采用氧化还原循环(ORC)处理得到同步恢复等新的实验结果, 并对上述体系中表面络合物的构成及其在SERS中的作用作了进一步的论证。     

Increased enhancement in surface enhanced raman scattering from Ag electrodes with the addition of pyridine to the electrolyte

The addition of pyridine to a 1 M KCl electrolyte before the oxidation—reduction cycle (ORC) of a Ag electrode significantly increases the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) intensities of the H₂O and Ag⁰-Cl^? stretching modes. The increase in the enhancement can be attributed to the fact that Ag⁰ adatoms, formed during the ORC, are stabilized by adsorbed pyridine complexes. The addition of pyridine after the ORC does not affect the H₂O and Ag⁰-Cl^? SERS intensities.     

Surface enhanced Raman scattering of pyridine on Ag electrodes formed with controlled-rate oxidation-reduction cycles

A study has been performed in which the SERS intensity of the pyridine ring breathing vibration at 1008 cm⁻¹ at Ag electrodes is found to be dependent upon both the large scale and atomic scale roughness of the electrode surface. The controlled surface morphology is generated by a double potential step ORC technique. Scanning electron microscopy of these surfaces reveals varying large scale surface morphologies that are dependent upon ORC rate. A correlation between SERS intensity and large scale surface morphology is interpreted in terms of significant contributions from electromagnetic effects in electrochemical SERS. The correlation between SERS intensity and this surface morphology is found to be independent of the presence of atomic scale roughness. The results presented here confirm and extend the results of previous investigations of the morphology of SERS-active surfaces.     

拓宽银电极上SERS活性的研究电位范围

电极表面的粗糙化处理是进行表面增强拉曼光谱（ＳＥＲＳ）研究的重要前提，通过研究两种截然不同的氧化还原循环（ＯＲＣ）粗粗糙电极的方法，分析其ＳＥＲＳ活性稳定电位区间与ＯＲＣ还原电位之间的关系，发现高活性的ＳＥＲＳ位皆处于亚稳状态，易随电极电位趋近零电位（ＰＺＣ）而发生表面原子重排，以至推动活性，引入强吸附物种，可以使特殊ＯＲＣ得到的ＳＥＲＳ活性在ＰＺＣ以正电位区稳定存在，并可在ＰＺＣ以负一得到常规Ｏ     

Improved surface-enhanced Raman scattering on electrochemically roughened silver substrates prepared in bielectrolyte solutions

In this work, the effect of supplemental LiClO₄ electrolytes in KCl solutions used in roughening silver substrates by electrochemical triangular-wave oxidation-reduction cycles (ORC) on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) was first investigated. To prepare SERS-active substrates by ORC procedures, electrolytes of KCl were generally employed. In contrast, LiClO₄ ones were unsuitable for producing SERS-active substrates. Encouragingly, SERS of Rhodamine 6G (R6G) adsorbed on the roughened Ag substrate prepared in an aqueous solution containing KCl and LiClO₄ electrolytes exhibits a higher intensity by one order of magnitude, as compared with that of R6G adsorbed on a roughened Ag substrate prepared in a solution only containing KCl. Further investigations indicate that the oxidation state of Cl on the roughened Ag substrate demonstrates decided effects on this improved SERS.     

表面增强拉曼光谱研究稳定剂TAI在银上的吸附

用表面增强拉曼光谱的方法研究 4-羟基--甲基-1,3,3a,7-四氮茚(TAI)在金属银上的吸附.实验表明TAI分子是通过分子上的N原子以化学吸附的方式吸附在银电极上.电极处理的氧化-还原循环次数并不影响振动频率,但在一定范围内对表面增强拉曼光谱的吸收强度有明显影响.     

Improved surface-enhanced Raman scattering on optimum electrochemically roughened silver substrates

In this work, the effects of preparation conditions used in roughening silver substrates by electrochemical triangular-wave oxidation-reduction cycles (ORC) on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) were first investigated. The optimum roughening conditions for obtaining strongest SERS of Rhodamine 6G (R6G) are as follows. Ag electrodes were cycled in deoxygenated aqueous solutions containing 0.1 M NaCl from −0.3 to +0.2 V versus Ag/AgCl at 25 mV s⁻¹ for five scans. The SERS of R6G adsorbed on this optimum procedure-prepared roughened Ag substrate exhibits a higher intensity by one order of magnitude, as compared with that of R6G adsorbed on a normally roughened Ag substrate.     

电极表面Ag(δ+)-NH3络合物的表面增强拉曼散射效应

本文采用氧化还原循环处理电极首次得到Ag/0.1 mol L~(-1)NH_3+0.1 mol L~(-1)NH_4Cl体系中吸附在银电极上氨分子的表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)效应。按氨分子在电极表面上的吸附量为每平方厘米8×10~(15)计算, 增加因子为1.2×10~5。谱峰强度及位置随电极电位改变。吸附氨分子的SERS谱与Ag(NH_3)_2~+的正常拉曼光谱类似。本文结果表明电极表面上存在Ag(δ+)络合物, 它可能是SERS效应的活性中心, 用这个概念可较好地解释本文实验结果。通过谱图分析给出了Ag(δ+)表面络合物的可能结构模式。     

Temporal Response of SERS to the Potential for 4-Cyanopyridine Adsorbed on Ag Electrode

Time-resolved surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) was applied to study the response of Raman bands from 4-cyanopyridine (PyCN) adsorbed on a Ag electrode to variation of the potential; the temporal resolution was 0.1 s. The response of the SERS signals of PyCN was instantaneous to the oxidation potential of Ag electrode. However, delay of the SERS signals was observed while AgCl was reducing. The decay and growth of the SERS bands look place within 1 s in the cases of desorption and adsorption of PyCN on the electrode. It took much longer for PyCN to alter from one adsorption geometry to another on the electrode.     

时间分辨表面增强拉曼光谱(TRSERS)研究硫脲衍生物与ClO4^-的共吸附行为

运用时间分辨表面增强拉曼光谱(TRSERS)结合电位双阶跃的方法, 研究了硫脲衍生物甲基硫脲(MTU)和烯丙基硫脲(ATU)在银电极表面与ClO4^-离子的共吸附行为, SERS强度-时间曲线表明它们各自相应的SERS谱峰强度随电位阶跃的响应速率不同, 离电极表面较近的基团的特征谱峰强度的响应速率较快; MTU以S端且垂直吸附在电极表面,ATU也以S端和表面发生化学吸附, 但整个分子斜躺吸附在电极表面上。     

Potential-dependant SERS interaction of ortho-substituted N-benzylamino(boronphenyl)methylphosphonic acid with Ag,Au, and Cu electrode surfaces

In this study we present surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) investigations of ortho-substituted N-benzylamino(boronphenyl)methylphosphonic acid (N-benzylamino-(2-boronphenyl)-R-methylphosphonic acid; o-PhR) adsorbed onto a roughened in oxidation–reduction cycles (ORC) Ag, Au, and Cu electrode surfaces at different applied electrode potentials. Based on the spectral changes in bandwidth and wavenumber of selected bands upon the alternation of the applied electrodes potential the manner and differences in the interaction of o-PhR with the Ag, Au, and Cu electrode surfaces were determined. Briefly, the spectral patterns on Ag and Au suggest that, generally, the both aromatic rings are involved in the o-PhR/electrode interaction, whereas the boronophenyl ring only interacts with Cu. Also, the boronic acid and phosphonic acid groups participate in the o-PhR interaction with all the types of electrodes. However, the type of the used electrode material and the applied electrode potential have influence onto the mode of adsorption.     

pH值对2-(2-吡啶基)咪唑荧光光谱的影响研究

合成了2-(2-吡啶基)咪唑,并通过稳态荧光光谱研究了它在溶液中的光物理行为及溶液酸碱度的影响.发现2-(2-吡啶基)咪唑化合物存在分子内光诱导电子转移反应(PET),并且这一过程强烈地依赖于溶液的pH值,但是氮原子的质子化会影响PET过程.     

纯锌电极上的表面增强拉曼光谱研究

通过化学刻蚀、电化学沉积和电化学氧化还原等粗糙方法,寻找合适的条件对锌电极表面进行预处理,以期获得吡啶在纯锌电极上的表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS).实验证明,电化学氧化还原处理是最佳的选择.以0.5mol/LNaClO4中性溶液作为电解质溶液,分别进行电化学氧化还原循环和电位阶跃两种处理.结果表明,将还原电位和氧化电位分别控制在-1.6和-0.7V时,利用共焦显微拉曼系统成功地得到了粗糙锌电极表面吸附吡啶的SERS信号.     

Sonoelectrochemical synthesis of spike-like gold-silver alloy nanoparticles from bulk substrates and the application on surface-enhanced Raman scattering

The synthesis of non-spherical spike-like gold-silver alloy nanoparticles on platinum substrates was first developed by sonoelectrochemical methods in this study. First, a silver substrate was roughened by a triangular-wave oxidation-reduction cycle (ORC) in an aqueous solution containing 0.1 M HCl. Silver-containing complexes were found in the solution after the ORC treatment. Then a gold substrate was subsequently roughened by the similar ORC treatment in the same silver complexes-containing solution. After this procedure, Au- and Ag-containing complexes were left in the solution. Subsequently, the Au working electrode was immediately replaced by a Pt electrode. A cathodic overpotential was applied under controlled sonication and slight stirring to synthesize Au-Ag alloy nanoparticles on the Pt substrate. Encouragingly, the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of Rhodamine 6G on the Au-Ag alloy nanoparticles-deposited Pt substrate exhibits a higher intensity by eight-fold of magnitude and a better resolution, as compared to that obtained on the Au nanoparticles-deposited Pt substrate.     

Effects of underpotentially deposited TI and Pb submonolayers on the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) from pyridine at Ag electrodes

SERS from pyridine on an Ag electrode is almost completely quenched by underpotential deposition of TI to a surface coverage of ≈ 3%. Removal of TI by anodic stripping does not restore the original SERS intensity. These results suggest that only a small fraction of adsorbed pyridine molecules is SERS active, and TI is specifically deposited on such a SERS active site, which then undergoes irreversible destruction. Pb appears to be non-specifically deposited on the Ag surface, but exhibits a similar irreversible quenching of SERS.     

SERS and FT-IR studies of CO adsorbed on underpotential deposited Ag/Pt electrodes

CO adsorbed on UPD and OPD (under- and overpotential deposited) Ag layers on a Pt electrode surface was studied by SERS and IRRAS in conjunction with cyclic voltammetry. Electrochemical activation of a uniform UPD Ag adlayer produced Ag clusters on the Pt electrode as well as bare Pt sites. The strong adsorption of CO on the UPD Ag/Pt electrode compared with a bulk Ag electrode is explained by the influence of the substrate Pt atoms. The degree of electron back-donation to CO increases the degree of lower frequency shifts of CO on the electrodes in the order Pt electrodes < monolayer Ag/Pt < multilayer Ag/Pt.     

CTAB对四-(4-N-甲基吡啶)卟啉SERS谱的影响

研究了阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)对四-(4-N-甲基吡啶)卟啉(H2TMPyP)及其银配合物(AgTMPyP)在Ag胶中的表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)谱的影响.SERS光谱表明,吸附于Ag胶粒的H2TMPyP与衬底银原子结合形成AgTMPyP,加入CTAB后,部分AgTMPyP表面络合物还原为H2TMPyP.相似的去金属化反应也出现在AgTMPyP/Ag胶/CTAB体系中.CTAB的加入使SERS谱带强度明显增加.AgTMPyP的去金属化被认为是由于CTAB的存在使Ag胶颗粒表面附近微环境发生改变.     

New pathway for sonoelectrochemical synthesis of gold–silver alloy nanoparticles from their bulk substrates

In this study, we report the first sonoelectrochemical methods to prepare gold–silver alloy nanoparticles with the mean diameter of 5 nm in 0.1 N HCl aqueous solutions without addition of any stabilizer. First, a silver substrate was roughened by a triangular-wave oxidation–reduction cycle (ORC) in an aqueous containing 0.1 N HCl. Silver-containing complexes were found in the solution after the ORC treatment. Then a gold substrate was subsequently roughened by the similar ORC treatment in the same solution containing the silver complexes. After this procedure Au- and Ag-containing complexes were left in the solution. Then the Au working electrode was immediately replaced by a Pt electrode and a cathodic overpotential of 0.6 V from the open circuit potential (OCP) of ca. 0.75 V vs Ag/AgCl was applied under sonification to synthesize Au–Ag alloy nanoparticles.     

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering at the silver electrode/ionic liquid (BMIPF6) interface

This is the first report of in situ SER spectra of chemical species adsorbed on a Ag/room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) interface. We have investigated the dependence of the SERS intensity of the RTIL derived from 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosfate (BMIPF6) adsorbed on a silver electrode. It has been shown that the BMI+ adsorbs on the silver electrode for potentials more negative than -0.4 V vs a Pt quasireference electrode (PQRE). In the -0.4 to -1.0 V potential range the SER spectra are similar to the Raman spectrum of the RTIL BMIPF6. At potentials more negative than -1.0 V some imidazolium ring vibrational modes and N-CH3 vibrations are enhanced, suggesting that the imidazolium ring is parallel to the surface and for potentials <-2.8 V the BMI+ is reduced to the BMI carbene. The potential dependence of the SERS intensities of Py adsorbed on a silver electrode in BMIPF6 has also been investigated. The results have shown that at potentials less negative than -0.8 V (vs PQRE) Py adsorbs at an end-on configuration forming an Ag-N bond. In the -0.9 to -1.4 V potential range Py molecules lie flat on the electrode surface and at potentials <-1.4 V Py is replaced by the BMI+. The electrochemical and SERS results have shown that Py has the effect of changing the oxidation of silver in that medium as well as the reduction of BMI+ to the BMI carbene. In the presence of Py the BMI+ reduction is observed at potentials near -2.4 V. The Ag electrode has presented SERS activity from 0.0 to -3.0 V.     

Raman-STM联用系统及其初步实验

研究固／液界面体系的传统方法主要以电信号为激励和检测手段，已不能适应日益扩大的研究对象和深入至微观研究的要求，许多采用电子束或离子束作为人射源的表面技术由于x作在高真空条件下也难以原位（insitu）研究固／液体表由于光束容易穿过团／液体系的溶液层或具有光学透明的固体电极材料，八十年代以来以光（尤其是激光）作为激励和检测手段的研究方法日益受到重视[1]，目前已开展的工作包括光电流（电压、电容）谱、光发射电流话、光声（热）谱、反（透）射谱、全息谱、瑞利散射、（超）拉曼散射、二次谐波（SHG）以及和频（SFG）…