Features of the precipitation of pectin substances from the valves ofGossypium hirsutum

An effective agent for precipitating pectin substances from the valves of cotton bolls has been selected.Bukhara Technological Institute of the Food and Light Industries. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 202–206, March–April, 1997.     

Accessibility of hydroxy groups of pectin substances for deuteration

An apparatus for the deuteration of solid samples and for recording their IR spectra in a current of D₂O vapor, and an IR-spectroscopic method of determining the degree of deuteration (q) of the hydroxy groups of pectin substances (PSs) are described. It has been established that there are no zones of structurally different nature in films of derivatives of PSs at the carboxy group. The rate of deuterium-exchange of the water of hydration of PSs is higher than for the hydroxy groups of the pyranose rings. The rate of deuterium exchange depends on the density of packing of the polymer chains of the pectin derivatives.Center for the Automation of Scientific Investigations and Metrology, Academy of Sciences of the Moldavian SSR, Kishinev. Translated from Khimiya Priorodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 343–348, May–June, 1987.     

Modification of the titrimetric method of analyzing pectin substances

A potentiometric variant of the titrimetric method of analyzing pectin substances has been developed which is distinguished by adequate accuracy and good reproducibility. The modified method has been tested on methyl (methyl 2,3-di-O-methyl-,-galactopyranosid)uronate and has been used for determining the free (K_f) and esterified (K_e) carboxy groups of the pectin substances of mint. The methods of isolating, purifying, and fractionating the pectin substances and determining their K_f and K_e values are given. Formulas are presented for calculating the percentage values of K_f and K_e.M. V. Frunze Simferopol' State University. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 428–431, July–August, 1984.     

Interaction of pectin substances with copper,mercury, zinc,and cadmium salts

The interaction of the sage, mint, apple, and ginseng pectins, isolated from tissue culture wastes and purified with copper, mercury, zinc, and cadmium salts, has been studied by the amperometric method with two metal indicator electrodes. The optimum conditions of titration have been determined: pH 3.5–5.0; concentration of pectin substances 5·10^–5-1·10^–3 g/ml of solution. It has been established by graphical and mathematical methods that the interaction is accompanied by the formation of compounds with a ratio of the carboxy groups of pectins to the metal cation of two. The IR spectra of sage pectin and of copper and mercury pectinates are given.M. V. Frunze, Simferopol' State University. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 171–175, March–April, 1988.     

Monosaccharide composition and hydrodynamic properties of industrial pectin substances

A study of the monosaccharide composition and hydrodynamic characteristics of pectin substances has made it possible to judge their structure and evaluate the quality of the desired product obtained in industry. The results of the investigation show that, depending on the method of extraction, it is possible to obtain both a homogalacturonan and also a graft copolymer consisting of residues of galacturonic acid and rhamnose with branches formed through the neutral sugars.V. I. Nikitin Institute of Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Tadzh SSR, Dushanbe. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 455–460, July–August, 1990.     

Technology of the production of pectin substances from the fruit ofSorbus aucuparia

The optimum conditions for the isolation of pectin substances from a pulp of the European mountain ash freed from lipophilic substances have been studied, and the characteristics of the substances are given.Academician I. P. Pavlov Ryazan' Medical Institute. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 777–780, November–December, 1979.     

Plant pectin substances. Methods of isolating pectin substances

Information is given on methods of isolating plant pectin substances from various raw-material sources, and the conditions for obtaining high-quality pectin are discussed.     

Extraction of cotton pectin

Technological regimes for the hydrolysis-extraction of pectin substances from cotton valves have been developed.Bukhara Technological Institute of the Food and Light Industries. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 207–209, March–April, 1997.     

Structure of a pectin homogalacturonan

A homogalacturonan has been isolated in the pure form from industrial apple pectin, and its structure has been studied by¹³C NMR spectroscopy. It has been shown that the apple pectin macromolecule consists mainly of linear macromolecules of homogalacturonan and a rhamnogalacturonan.V. I. Nikitin Institute of Chemistry, Tadzhikistan Republic Academy of Sciences, Dushanbe; and Scientific Research Institute of Blood Substitutes and Hormone Preparations, Moscow. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedeninii, No. 1, pp. 91–96, January–February, 1993.     

Isolation of beet pectin on solid-phase fermentation

Beet pectin has been isolated by the solid phase fermentation method; its physicochemical characteristics are given.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 89 14 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 3–6, January–February, 1996. Original article submitted May 29, 1995.     

Pectin substances of the mulberry

Several variants of the isolation of pectin substances from mulberry boughs are considered.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Uzbek Academy of Sciences, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 773–775, November–December, 1989.     

Modification of the titrimetric method of analyzing pectin substances

A potentiometric variant of the titrimetric method of analyzing pectin substances has been developed which is distinguished by adequate accuracy and good reproducibility. The modified method has been tested on methyl (methyl 2,3-di-O-methyl-α,β-galactopyranosid)uronate and has been used for determining the free (K_f) and esterified (K_e) carboxy groups of the pectin substances of mint. The methods of isolating, purifying, and fractionating the pectin substances and determining their K_f and K_e values are given. Formulas are presented for calculating the percentage values of K_f and K_e.     

Creep study of high-esterified pectin gels.

Summary A creep study has been made of pectin gels concentrated to 0.5–2.5% in the temperature interval 25 to 50°C. In the region of linear viscoelasticity the pectin gels are capable of being strained both reversibly and irreversibly. The shape of the reversible strain relaxation curves corresponds to the transition region between the glassy and highly elastic states. The temperature dependence of the largest Newtonian viscosity is described by de Guzmán-Arrhenius equation. The break-down enthalpy of the gel cross-links is between 51 and 74 kJ/mole, showing an increase with concentration.With 10 figures and 1 table     

Pectin substances ofChara aculeolata

Summary The carbohydrate complex of the Chara algaChara aculeolata Kütz includes an acid polysaccharide similar to the pectin substances of higher plants. It is based on a fragment constructed of -14 bound residues of D-galacturonic acid in the pyranose form. The pectin is characterized by a high homogeneity, a considerable content of D-galacturonic acid, and a low degree of acidification of the carboxy groups.M. V. Lomonosov Odessa Technological Institute of the Food Industry. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 702–705, November–December, 1976.     

Pectin substances of seaweeds VI. An investigation of degraded zosterin

Summary It has been shown that the polyuronide chain of zosterin, the pectin of seaweeds of the family Zosteraceae, contains several L-rhamnose residues connected by 1,2 linkages and present at the points of branching of the carbohydrate chain.Institute of Biologically Active Substances, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 246–249, May–June, 1971.     

Preparation and physicochemical properties of polymeric complexes of methyl benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate with apple pectin

Polymeric complexes have been obtained by the combined mechanical treatment of enzyme-treated apple pectin and methyl benzimidazol-2 -ylcarbamate, and their physicochemical properties have been studied.Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 896–900, November-December, 1995. Original article submitted May 11, 1995.     

Polysaccharides of Eremurus. XXVI. Study of the structure of the pectin from the leaves of Eremurus regelii

The partial acid hydrolysis of the homogeneous fraction C of the pectin fromEremurus regelii Vved. leaves has given a galacturonan. Its structure has been established on the basis of the results of periodate-nitric acid oxidation, methylation, and¹³C NMR spectroscopy.Institute of Chemistry of Plant Substances, Uzbekistan Republic Academy of Sciences, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 191–194, March–April, 1993.     

Polysaccharides ofEremurus. XXI. Pectin substances of the leaves ofEremurus regelii

The pectin substances have been isolated fromEremurus regelii Vved., their qualitative and quantitative monosaccharide compositions have been determined, and their physicochemical properties have been studied. The partial hydrolysis of the pectin gave a galacturonan. On the basis of the results of periodate-nitric acid oxidation, enzymatic hydrolysis, and methylation it has been shown that in the galacturoman the galacturonic acid residues are linked by -(1 4)-glycosidic bonds.Deceased.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 172–174, March–April, 1985.     

Pectin substances of the stems and fruit husks of Fagopyrum saggittatum

The polysaccharides were extracted from the raw material with a 0.5% solution of ammonium oxalate. They were investigated by various methods: partial and complete acid hydrolysis, fractionation on a column of DEAE-cellulose, IR spectroscopy, enzymatic hydrolysis, etc. It was shown that the protopectin of the stems and fruit hulls of common buckwheat are similar to the pectin substances of other higher plants and are characterized by a low degree of esterification.M. V. Lomonosov Odessa Technological Institute of the Food Industry. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 499–501, July–August, 1987.     

Features of the production and influence of the complex-forming activity of low-methoxyl apple pectin as a sorbent for heavy metals

Features of production and influence of the complex forming activity of low-methoxyl pectin (LMP) as a sorbent for heavy metals have been studied. Cation-exchange properties of the LMP in connection with detoxification measures in cases of chronic poisoning have been shown.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent (IKhRV AN RUz), fax (3712) 89 1475. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 552–555, July–August, 1995. Original article submitted November 7, 1994.