超疏水低粘着铜表面制备及其防覆冰性能

用喷砂处理在铜片表面形成微米级丘陵状凹坑,再用表面氧化处理在铜片表面制备菊花花瓣状CuO纳米片.通过喷砂-表面氧化处理在铜片表面成功构建了微米-纳米复合结构,这种表面氟化后与水滴的接触角高达161°,滚动角低至1°,显示出优异的超疏水性和很低的粘着性.低温下,这种表面与水滴间的热量交换较小,水滴不易凝结,有效地提高了抗结霜性.抗结霜性良好的超疏水铜有望在热交换器或低温运行设备等领域获得应用,这种简便的超疏水铜表面的制备方法也给其它工程材料超疏水表面的工业化制备提供了一个思路.     

表面富集季胺盐的交联聚苯乙烯微球合成与表征及其溶胀行为研究

在聚合物微球表面引入不同的基团 (如亲水性的羟基或羧基 ) ,可以改善聚合物微球的稳定性甚至生物相容性[1～ 4] ;利用表面基团可以把无机半导体微粒和功能有机分子以及生物分子引入聚合物微球[5～ 8] ,赋予聚合物微球特殊的性能 ,使其广泛应用于涂料、光电功能材料和生物医用材料等领域[9～ 15] .其中 ,表面带有阳离子的聚合物微球在絮凝剂、胶粘剂、水性涂料等方面已经得到广泛研究[16～ 2 0 ] .通常阳离子聚合物微球可以根据不同的需要利用常规乳液聚合、核壳乳液聚合等方法来合成 .亲水性和疏水性单体进行的无皂乳液聚合[2 1] ,因其能在…     

喷砂-阳极氧化-氟化处理构筑铝合金超疏水表面

为研究复合法制备超疏水表面过程中主要工艺参数对表面形貌及超疏水性能的影响, 开发了一种喷砂-阳极氧化复合方法, 在铝合金表面构筑了微米-纳米二级结构, 经氟化处理后获得了超疏水特性. 结果表明, 喷砂处理在铝合金表面通过冲蚀的凹坑构筑出微米结构, 阳极氧化则在铝合金表面通过蜂窝状氧化膜构筑纳米结构. 但单纯构筑粗糙结构或单纯改变表面化学组成均不能在铝合金表面获得超疏水特性. 单纯的微米结构或纳米结构, 即使有低表面能聚合物修饰也不能获得超疏水特性. 只有微米-纳米二级结构和低表面能聚合物的协同作用, 才能有效构筑铝合金超疏水表面. 这种铝合金与水滴接触时, 形成的气阱可减小固体表面与水滴的接触面积, 降低表面与水滴间的热量交换, 从而减缓水分子的凝结, 提高铝合金的抗霜冻性. 同时, 气阱还可有效减缓海水的腐蚀, 提高铝合金的耐海水腐蚀性.     

离子液体/聚偏氟乙烯纳米纤维的防结冰性能（英文）

通过静电纺丝方法制备了掺杂离子液体([BMIM][PF_6])的聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)纳米纤维.研究结果表明,[BMIM][PF_6]与PVDF具有相互作用,并可促进PVDF形成β相晶体.在溶剂挥发后,离子液体存在于PVDF纳米纤维的表面.纳米纤维中的离子液体含量对复合纳米纤维的表面形态和润湿性具有显著影响.通过离子液体的引入,可有效推迟水滴在纳米纤维表面的结冰时间,降低水滴的结晶温度,并且降低冰黏附强度.研究结果显示含有10%[BMIM][PF_6]的PVDF纳米纤维疏水性最高,并具有优异的防结冰性质.     

离子液体/聚偏氟乙烯纳米纤维的防结冰性能

通过静电纺丝方法制备了掺杂离子液体([BMIM][PF₆])的聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)纳米纤维. 研究结果表明, [BMIM][PF₆]与PVDF具有相互作用, 并可促进PVDF形成β相晶体. 在溶剂挥发后, 离子液体存在于PVDF纳米纤维的表面. 纳米纤维中的离子液体含量对复合纳米纤维的表面形态和润湿性具有显著影响. 通过离子液体的引入, 可有效推迟水滴在纳米纤维表面的结冰时间, 降低水滴的结晶温度, 并且降低冰黏附强度. 研究结果显示含有10%[BMIM][PF₆]的PVDF纳米纤维疏水性最高, 并具有优异的防结冰性质.     

CaCO_3颗粒模板法制备聚合物超亲水/超疏水表面

以碳酸钙(CaCO3)颗粒层为模板,运用简单的热压和酸蚀刻相结合的方法制备聚合物超亲水/超疏水表面.首先在玻璃基底上均匀铺撒一层CaCO3颗粒,以此作为模板,通过热压线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)使CaCO3颗粒均匀镶嵌在聚合物表面,获得了超亲水性质;进一步经酸蚀得到了具有微米和亚微米多孔结构的表面,其水滴静态接触角(WCA)可达(152.7±0.8)°,滚动角小于3°,具备超疏水性质.表面浸润性能和耐水压冲击性能研究表明该超疏水表面具有良好的稳定性和持久性.用同样工艺微模塑/酸蚀刻其它疏水性聚合物,得到类似结果.     

疏水缔合聚丙烯酰胺的合成及溶液性能研究

水溶性疏水缔合聚合物是在聚合物亲水主链上引入极少量疏水基团(一般小于2ｍｏｌ%)而形成的一种新型水溶性聚合物[1]。由于这类聚合物具有独特的流变性能,因而备受学术界和工业界关注。目前已作为涂料增稠剂[2]和流变改性剂[3]得到了应用,而通过在部分水解聚丙烯酰胺(ＨＰＡＭ)的亲水主链上引入少量疏水单体而形成的疏水缔合聚丙烯酰胺(ＨＡＰＡＭ)则可望克服ＨＰＡＭ耐温、耐盐性差的缺陷[4]而作为新一代水溶性聚合物材料用于油气开采作业[5,6]。由于亲水单体和疏水单体的不相容性,通常通过在反应溶液中加入表面活性剂使亲水单体和疏水单体…     

双级微结构上二氧化硅粒子对微注压成型PP表面润湿特性的影响

提出一种柔性复制法,采用微注射压缩(μ-ICM)成型具有微拓扑结构的仿生聚丙烯(PP)表面.通过复制模板上的双级微结构,所成型的PP材料表面上呈现具有锥形顶面的双级微结构,即微棱和高纵横比的微锥体.由于微锥体之间的间隙较大,水滴浸润其间隙的上方,这使该表面呈现中等黏附的超疏水特性.在μ-ICM过程中,涂覆在模板上的二氧化硅纳米粒子(SNPs)被转移到熔体中,并牢牢附着于微结构表层,赋予其表面亚微米或微米粗糙度,形成多层次微结构.在附着有亲水SNPs的微结构上,高表面自由能使水滴完全浸润微锥体之间的间隙,表面的水接触角为161.9°、滚动角大于90°,呈现极高黏附的超疏水特性(花瓣效应);在附着有疏水SNPs的微结构上,水滴受疏水SNPs的排斥而减弱与表面之间的黏附作用,表面的水接触角为163.5°、滚动角为3.5°,呈现极低黏附的超疏水特性(荷叶效应).     

超亲水TiO2和TiO2-SiO2表面的动态润湿性

1997年, Fujishima研究组[1]发现TiO2表面经UV光照射能产生较强的亲水性, 同时具有较高的亲油性, 即经UV光照射后的TiO2表面具有超双亲的性质. 这种防雾和自清洁性在工业上应用广泛, 已引起了人们的极大兴趣[2～5]. 进一步的研究发现, 超亲水的TiO2表面在暗处放置会变为疏水表面. 对于这个问题, 除了可以通过UV光照[6]、氩离子或电子束溅射[6]和高温热处理[5]等恢复其超亲水性外, 还可以通过添加摩尔分数为10%～30%的SiO2有效地降低TiO2表面的接触角, 提高UV光诱导的超亲水表面在暗处的稳定性能[3]. 另外, 诱导TiO2的亲水性需要较强的UV线强度(如太阳光), 使它在室内应用受到限制. 为了在室内实现TiO2的自清洁功能, Watanabe等[4]发现在TiO2中添加WO3可使TiO2在室内的照明光下也能实现亲水性转变. 以上这些研究成果为TiO2在工业和生活上的实际应用提供了重要的科学依据. 然而, TiO2的防雾和自清洁功能的实现同时也受其动力学性质的制约.     

用含氟丙烯酸酯无规共聚物制备超疏水膜

用微乳液聚合法制备了丙烯酸全氟烷基乙酯和甲基丙烯酸甲酯的无规共聚物,并对其进行了表征.采用溶剂挥发成膜法一步制备了具有超疏水性的该聚合物膜,水滴在该聚合物膜上的静态接触角可达151°~160°,滚动角小于3°.通过扫描电子显微镜观察发现该聚合物膜表面分布了许多乳突状突起和微孔洞,并具有微米和纳米尺度相结合的复合杂化结构.该类超疏水表面的形成是由适度粗糙的表面和低表面能相互结合引起的.探讨了该类超疏水膜的形成机理.     

Hydrophobicity modification of woven cotton fabric by hydrophobic fumed silica coating

Water repellency of woven cotton fabric was achieved by coating with the aqueous dispersion containing organosilane agent (HDTMS) and fumed silica. The coating agents were applied using padding method and then followed by batching the coated fabric at the ambient temperature for 24 h to allow the condensation reaction between HDTMS silanol group and fumed silica silanol group, rendering silica particles hydrophobic. An ultrasonicator was employed to prepare the homogenous coating dispersion. The water repellency evaluated by water contact angle determination which showed the contact angle over 110° was obtained with low amount of applied HDTMS of 1 wt%. The effect of fumed silica addition on an increase in fiber surface roughness geometry showed the influential result in improving the water contact angle. From durability to washing test, the hydrophobic coatings evidenced from SEM and ATR/FTIR remained adhering to fiber surface, indicating the durability. After washing, the coating on the fabric with fumed silica addition appeared to be scatter particles which made a contribution to the higher contact angle value when compared to sheet-like layer coating in case of HDTMS coating alone.     

AFM study of the behavior of polystyrene and glass particles during the electrodeposition of copper

In this paper, the behavior of polystyrene and glass particles on a copper electrode during the electrodeposition of copper was studied using an atomic force microscope (AFM). Polystyrene or glass particles glued to the tip of the AFM cantilever were kept in contact with the surface of the electrode. The surface forces between the polystyrene or glass particle and the copper electrode were measured before, during, and after electrodeposition. These experiments revealed that glass particles do not make contact with the electrode, probably due to the repulsive hydration force. Polystyrene particles, on the other hand, make contact with the electrode, due to the attractive hydrophobic force. The AFM experiments were correlated with sedimentation co-deposition experiments of polystyrene and glass particles with copper. It was found that 80% of the polystyrene particles added to the plating solution incorporated with copper, while only 0.25% of the glass particles co-deposited under the same conditions.     

Facile Spray-Coating for Fabrication of Superhydrophobic SiO2/PVDF Nanocomposite Coating on Paper Surface

A facile and low-cost superhydrophobic nanocomposite coating on paper surface was fabricated through one-step simply spraying dispersion, using hydrophobic silica nanoparticles as a filter (SiNPs) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as a film-forming material. Hydrophobic SiNPs were fabricated via co-hydropholysis and condensation of TEOS and long-chain alkyl silane based on a simple sol-gel process, and the surface chemical structure of SiNPs was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. The wettability and morphology of the coating surface were measured by contact angle (CA) measurement and scanning electron microscope, respectively. The influence of the mass ratio of hydrophobic SiNPs to PVDF (M(SiNPs:PVDF)) on the superhydrophobicity of paper surface was studied. The results showed that when M(SiNPs:PVDF) was 3:1, the water CA was 156.0 ± 1.0° for the nanocomposite coating with micro/nano-hierarchical structure on paper surface. Further, such superhydrophobic nanocomposite coatings on paper surface showed little adhesive property with water. In addition, the prepared superhydrophobic nanocomposite coating could be applied in other substrates, such as wood, aluminum sheet, stainless steel, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), etc.     

Conversion of a metastable superhydrophobic surface to an ultraphobic surface

Superhydrophobic surfaces in Wenzel and metastable wetting state were prepared and the conversion of such surfaces to ultraphobic surfaces was reported by the application of a fine-scale roughness. Silicon nitride substrates with hexagonally arranged pillars were prepared by micromachining. The two-scale roughness was achieved by coating these substrates with 60 nm silica nanoparticles. The surface was made hydrophobic by silanization with octadecytrichlorosilane (OTS). Wettability studies of the silicon nitride flat surface, silicon nitride pillars, and the surfaces with two-scale roughness showed that a two-scale roughness can effectively improve the hydrophobicity of surfaces with a higher apparent contact angle and reduced contact angle hysteresis when the original rough surface was in a metastable or Wenzel state. This study shows the pathway of converting a metastable hydrophobic surface to an ultraphobic surface by the introduction of a fine-scale roughness, which adds to the literature a new aspect of fine-scale roughness effect.     

聚苯硫醚超疏水复合涂层的制备与性能

利用工业原料聚苯硫醚微粉和疏水性二氧化硅纳米粉末,采用喷涂法在瓷砖表面制备了疏水复合涂层.研究了热处理温度、组分配比对涂层表面形貌、粗糙度和接触角的影响,发现随着热处理温度升高,涂层表面粗糙度增大,随着疏水性二氧化硅含量的增加,由于表面聚集的疏水性二氧化硅增多,涂层疏水性增强,在热处理温度为280℃、疏水性二氧化硅与聚苯硫醚质量比为1∶1时,可获得超疏水涂层,涂层的接触角大于150°,滚落角小于4°,pH值为1～14的水溶液在其表面都具有很高的接触角.超疏水涂层具有良好的自清洁效果,并且经落沙法实验测定,超疏水涂层耐刮伤性能良好.     

Analytical modeling and thermodynamic analysis of robust superhydrophobic surfaces with inverse-trapezoidal microstructures

A polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer surface with perfectly ordered microstructures having an inverse-trapezoidal cross-sectional profile (simply PDMS trapezoids) showed superhydrophobic and transparent characteristics under visible light as reported in our previous work. The addition of a fluoropolymer (Teflon) coating enhances both features and provides oleophobicity. This paper focuses on the analytical modeling of the fabricated PDMS trapezoids structure and thermodynamic analysis based on the Gibbs free energy analysis. Additionally, the wetting characteristics of the fabricated PDMS trapezoids surface before and after the application of the Teflon coating are analytically explained. The Gibbs free energy analysis reveals that, due to the Teflon coating, the Cassie-Baxter state becomes energetically more favorable than the Wenzel state and the contact angle difference between the Cassie-Baxter state and the Wenzel state decreases. These two findings support the robustness of the superhydrophobicity of the fabricated Teflon-coated PDMS trapezoids. This is then verified via the impinging test of a water droplet at a high speed. The dependencies of the design parameters in the PDMS trapezoids on the hydrophobicity are also comprehensively studied through a thermodynamic analysis. Geometrical dependency on the hydrophobicity shows that overhang microstructures do not have a significant influence on the hydrophobicity. In contrast, the intrinsic contact angle of the structural material is most important in determining the apparent contact angle. On the other hand, the experimental results showed that the side angles of the overhangs are critical not for the hydrophobic but for the oleophobic property with liquids of a low surface tension. Understanding of design parameters in the PDMS trapezoids surface gives more information for implementation of superhydrophobic surfaces.     

Bioinspired synthesis of superhydrophobic coatings

A superhydrophobic material prepared by precipitating calcium phosphate on TiO2 films under in vitro conditions is described. Crystalline calcium phosphate is very porous with octacalcium phosphate as the main phase. The films are made hydrophobic by the surface grafting of a perfluorophosphate surfactant (Zonyl FSE). The as-prepared coatings were strongly hydrophobic, with advancing contact angles exceeding 165 degrees and receding angles exceeding 150 degrees . The formation of the calcium phosphate layer is self-organizing, and the coating is easily functionalized. The material was characterized with dynamic contact angle measurements, SEM, XRD, and XPS. The strong water repellency is explained by the open porous morphology of the calcium phosphate coating together with the successful attachment of the hydrophobic function.     

Improvement on Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Properties of Glass Surface Treated by Nonthermal Plasma Induced by Silent Corona Discharge

A fundamental study was conducted to investigate the improvement of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties of the glass surface using the atmospheric-pressure nonthermal plasma. The plasma was induced between the two parallel electrodes with a dielectric barrier using an AC 60Hz high voltage power supply. The objective is to demonstrate the possibility of the elimination of the windshield wiper from automobiles. Two approaches were undertaken for modifying the glass surface: one is hydrophilic approach using plasma alone and the other is hydrophobic approach using the combination of hydrophobic chemical and nonthermal plasma. The plasma application provided excellent hydrophilic properties (less than 4° of contact angle). However, the durability did not last for more than one day. The combination of hydrophobic Tri Alkoxy Silane (TAS) chemical coating and nonthermal plasma showed an excellent hydrophobic property and extended durability, more than five times more durable compared with TAS alone.     

透明抗静电多功能超疏水薄膜的制备

采用提拉法在聚酰亚胺薄膜表面分步涂覆了银纳米线及疏水纳米二氧化硅, 分别构筑了导电网络及超疏水涂层, 制备了超疏水抗静电透明薄膜. 研究结果表明, 超疏水抗静电透明薄膜保持了较高的透光性, 其透光率高于90%. 同时, 银纳米线网络的构筑有效增加了超疏水抗静电透明薄膜的导电性, 使其表面电阻介于10⁶~10¹⁰ Ω之间, 达到了抗静电要求. 水滴在该薄膜表面静态接触角高达156.4°, 滚动角小于1°, 展现了优异的超疏水特性. 通过导电网络及疏水涂层的构筑, 实现了透明及抗静电超疏水多功能的统一.     

Starch-Silane Structure and Its Influence on the Hydrophobic Properties of Paper

Starch is an inexpensive, easily accessible, and widespread natural polymer. Due to its properties and availability, this polysaccharide is an attractive precursor for sustainable products. Considering its exploitation in adhesives and coatings, the major drawback of starch is its high affinity towards water. This study aims to explain the influence of the silane-starch coating on the hydrophobic properties of paper. The analysis of the organosilicon modified starch properties showed an enhanced hydrophobic behavior, suggesting higher durability for the coatings. Molecules of silanes with short aliphatic carbon chains were easily embedded in the starch structure. Longer side chains of silanes were primarily localized on the surface of the starch structure. The best hydrophobic properties were obtained for the paper coated with the composition based on starch and methyltrimethoxysilane. This coating also improved the bursting resistance and compressive strength of the tested paper. A static contact angle higher than 115° was achieved. PDA analysis confirmed the examined material exhibited high barrier properties towards water. The results extend the knowledge of the interaction of silane compositions in the presence of starch.