原子吸收分光光度法测定红豆、绿豆和黄豆中微量元素

为探讨红豆、绿豆和黄豆中微量元素的含量,采用原子吸收分光光度计测定了红豆、绿豆和黄豆中的Cu、Zn。结果表明,红豆、绿豆和黄豆中均含有对人体健康有益的元素。该法简便、快速、准确、灵敏度高、再现性好。     

Hydrolysis of Native and Heat-Treated Starches at Sub-Gelatinization Temperature Using Granular Starch Hydrolyzing Enzyme

The effect of heat treatment below the gelatinization temperature on the susceptibility of corn, mung bean, sago, and potato starches towards granular starch hydrolysis (35°C) was investigated. Starches were hydrolyzed in granular state and after heat treatment (50°C for 30 min) by using granular starch hydrolyzing enzyme for 24 h. Hydrolyzed heat-treated starches showed a significant increase in the percentage of dextrose equivalent compared to native starches, respectively, with corn 53% to 56%, mung bean 36% to 47%, sago 15% to 26%, and potato 12% to 15%. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs showed the presence of more porous granules and surface erosion in heat-treated starch compared to native starch. X-ray analysis showed no changes but with sharper peaks for all the starches, suggested that hydrolysis occurred on the amorphous region. The amylose content and swelling power of heat-treated starches was markedly altered after hydrolysis. Evidently, this enzyme was able to hydrolyze granular starches and heat treatment before hydrolysis significantly increased the degree of hydrolysis.     

Determination of nutritional and bioactive properties of peptides in enzymatic pea, chickpea, and mung bean protein hydrolysates

Within the primary structure of many pea and mung bean proteins are peptide sequences that can potentially be used in the formulation of therapeutic products for the treatment and prevention of human diseases. However, these peptide sequences need protease treatments before they can be released free of the parent proteins. Unlike chemical hydrolysis, enzymatic treatment enables more efficient tailoring of peptide products without formation of toxic by-products or destruction of amino acids. This review provides information on current methods that have been used to convert inactive pea and mung bean proteins into bioactive peptides. It focuses on 3 main bioactive properties, such as inhibitions of (1) angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity; (2) calmodulin (CaM)-dependent enzymes; and (3) copper-chelating activity. ACE is an established marker for hypertension, high levels of some CaM-dependent enzymes are risk factors for various human diseases including cancer and Alzheimer's disease, and high vascular copper concentrations may potentiate atherosclerosis. Also reviewed are the production and evaluation of activity of hypoallergenic peptides that may offer protection against anaphylactic reactions. The 3 main proteins discussed are chickpea, mung bean, and field pea.     

Performance Optimization of a Developed Near-Infrared Spectrometer Using Calibration Transfer with a Variety of Transfer Samples for Geographical Origin Identification of Coffee Beans

This research aimed to improve the classification performance of a developed near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer when applied to the geographical origin identification of coffee bean samples. The modification was based on the utilization of a collection of spectral databases from several different agricultural samples, including corn, red beans, mung beans, black beans, soybeans, green and roasted coffee, adzuki beans, and paddy and white rice. These databases were established using a reference NIR instrument and the piecewise direct standardization (PDS) calibration transfer method. To evaluate the suitability of the transfer samples, the Davies–Bouldin index (DBI) was calculated. The outcomes that resulted in low DBI values were likely to produce better classification rates. The classification of coffee origins was based on the use of a supervised self-organizing map (SSOM). Without the spectral modification, SSOM classification using the developed NIR instrument resulted in predictive ability (% PA), model stability (% MS), and correctly classified instances (% CC) values of 61%, 58%, and 64%, respectively. After the transformation process was completed with the corn, red bean, mung bean, white rice, and green coffee NIR spectral data, the predictive performance of the SSOM models was found to have improved (67–79% CC). The best classification performance was observed with the use of corn, producing improved % PA, % MS, and % CC values at 71%, 67%, and 79%, respectively.     

鲜蒜嫩鳞被中半胱氨酸肽的制备及其对豆类铁锌生物利用率的影响

离子交换层析结合制备液相方法从鲜蒜嫩鳞被中制备2种半胱氨酸肽(γ-GCPs):(SC2RC7)-γ-L-谷氨酰-S-烯丙基-L-半胱氨酸(1)和(SC2RC7)-γ-L-谷氨酰-S-丙基-L-半胱氨酸(2)。产物结构经HPLC-MS,CD和1H NMR,13C NMR分析并与标准品比对确定。利用体外模拟胃、肠消化实验检测其对豆类铁锌生物利用率的影响。结果表明,5 g豆粉中添加0.01 mmol的化合物1和化合物2分别使黄豆铁生物利用率从1.88%提高到6.73%和4.42%,绿豆铁生物利用率从2.52%提高到12.04%和9.38%;使黄豆锌生物利用率从13.37%提高到23.95%和20.58%,绿豆锌生物利用率从15.98%提高到28.44%和27.05%。     

Phospholipids ofPhaseolus aureus. II

The fractional and fatty-acid compositions of the total phospholipids of the mung bean of the Angelika variety have been studied. It has been established that the compositions of the fatty acids of the total phospholipids of this variety and of the variety of mung bean studied previously, and their individual fractions, differed quantitatively from one another.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 177–179, March–April, 1984.     

Electrophoretic study of alpha-D-galactosidases from seeds of Glycine soja and Vigna radiata possessing erythroagglutinating activity

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in an acidic buffer system was used to study the electrophoretic behaviour of two forms of alpha-D-galactosidase from seeds of soy bean (Glycine soja) and mung bean (Vigna radiata). The interaction of the enzymes with saccharides was monitored by affinity electrophoresis; for the preparation of affinity gels, water-soluble O-glycosyl polyacrylamide copolymers and polysaccharides were used. alpha-D-Galactosidases from both sources interact with immobilized alpha-D-galactosyl residues. On the basis of the results of affinity electrophoresis performed in the presence of various free sugars, dissociation constants for the complexes between alpha-D-galactosidase and free sugars were calculated.     

Evaluation of sample preparation methods for the isolation of Salmonella from alfalfa and mung bean seeds with the Bacteriological Analytical Manual's Salmonella culture method

Five pre-enrichment methods were evaluated for effectiveness with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Bacteriological Analytical Manual Salmonella culture method in recovering S. Stanley, S. Poona, and S. Muenchen from artificially contaminated alfalfa seeds, and S. Saintpaul, S. Anatum, and S. Infantis from artificially contaminated mung bean seeds. The methods included: (1) Soak.--Test portions were inoculated into pre-enrichment media; (2) Rinse.--Test portions were rinsed with pre-enrichment media, and the media was decanted from the test portions; (3) Rinsed seed.--Pre-enrichment media was added to the test portions that were rinsed in the rinse method; (4) Wet blend.--Test portions were blended with the pre-enrichment media; and (5) Dry blend.--Test portions were blended prior to pre-enrichment. The methods of pre-enrichment were also evaluated for effectiveness in recovering Pantoea agglomerans from alfalfa and mung bean seeds with a modified culture method for the recovery of Enterobacteriaceae from foods. The purpose of these studies was to provide a model for the recovery of Salmonella that may occur in seeds as a natural contaminant. The relative effectiveness of the soak method was consistently superior to the rinse method in isolating the selected Salmonella serovars from both seed types. Statistically, the rinsed seed method was as effective as the soak method in all trials, except 1 of 3, with S. Muenchen and alfalfa seeds (P > 0.05). The relative effectiveness of the methods in isolating P. agglomerans from alfalfa and mung bean seeds was similar to that observed with the artificially contaminated test portions. The soak method was consistently the most effective method and the rinse method was consistently the most ineffective method. The rinsed seed, wet blend, and dry blend methods were also as effective as the soak method in all 3 trials with each seed type (P > 0.05).     

Studies on the methods of identification of irradiated food I. Seedling growth test

A seedling growth test for the identification of gamma irradiated edible vegetable seeds was described. The identification of gamma irradiated grape and the other seeds has been investigated. The purpose of this study was to develop an easy, rapid and practical technique for the identification of irradiated edible vegetable seeds. Seven different irradiated edible vegetable seeds as: rice ( ), peanut ( ), maize ( ), soybean ( ), red bean ( ), mung bean ( ) and catjang cowpea ( ) were tested by using the method of seedling growth. All of the edible vegetable seeds were exposed to gamma radiation on different doses, O(CK), 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0, 5.0 kGy. After treatment with above 1.0 kGy dose to the seeds, the seedling rate was less than 50% compared with the control. Although the seedling rate of rice seeds can reached 58%, the seedling growth was not normal and the seedling leaves appeared deformed. The results by this method were helpful to identify gamma treatment of the edible vegetable seeds with above 1.0 kGy dose.     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定芽苗类蔬菜及其来源豆类中4种非法添加物的残留量

建立了芽苗类蔬菜及其来源豆类中对氯苯氧乙酸、6-苄基腺嘌呤、恩诺沙星和诺氟沙星残留量的反相高效液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)检测方法。样品经含0.1%冰醋酸的乙腈提取、浓缩后,以C18为分析色谱柱,甲醇和0.1%甲酸水溶液作为流动相进行梯度洗脱分离。质谱采用电喷雾方式电离,正、负离子分段扫描,测定上述4种非法添加物。选择确定对氯苯氧乙酸、6-苄基腺嘌呤、恩诺沙星和诺氟沙星的母离子依次为m/z 189.9、226.1、359.9和320.1,定量子离子依次为m/z 127.0、91.2、315.9和276.2。4种药物在5～200 μg/L范围内线性关系良好(r2＞ 0.995)。选取了绿豆芽和绿豆作为代表性基质进行添加回收试验,4种药物的检出限和定量限分别为1 μg/kg和5 μg/kg;在5.0、10.0、20.0 μg/kg 3个添加水平下,4种药物的回收率为70%～91%,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于14%。方法准确、灵敏、简便,适用于芽苗类蔬菜及其来源豆类中4种非法添加物残留的同时测定。     

Asymmetric hydrolytic kinetic resolution with recyclable macrocyclic Co(III)-salen complexes: a practical strategy in the preparation of (R)-mexiletine and (S)-propranolol

A chiral cobalt(III) complex (1e) was synthesized by the interaction of cobalt(II) acetate and ferrocenium hexafluorophosphate with a chiral dinuclear macrocyclic salen ligand that was derived from 1R,2R-(-)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane with trigol bis-aldehyde. A variety of epoxides and glycidyl ethers were suitable substrates for the reaction with water in the presence of chiral macrocyclic salen complex 1e at room temperature to afford chiral epoxides and diols by hydrolytic kinetic resolution (HKR). Excellent yields (47% with respect to the epoxides, 53% with respect to the diols) and high enantioselectivity (ee>99% for the epoxides, up to 96% for the diols) were achieved in 2.5-16 h. The Co(III) macrocyclic salen complex (1e) maintained its performance on a multigram scale and was expediently recycled a number of times. We further extended our study of chiral epoxides that were synthesized by using HKR to the synthesis of chiral drug molecules (R)-mexiletine and (S)-propranolol.     

Effect of moisture content on the heat-sealing property of starch films from different botanical sources

In this study, we investigated the differences in the crystallinity of starch films (mung bean, water chestnut, sweet potato, and cassava starches) with different moisture contents stored in different humidity conditions (11%, 22%, 33%, 43%, 54%, 75%, and 84%) and evaluated their thermal adhesion and sealing properties. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed an association between the degree of crystallinity and the moisture content in starch films: crystallinity decreased with an increase in the moisture content. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) analysis showed that films with low moisture content failed to completely adhere, but films with a high moisture content and lower crystallinity showed good adherence, with two films perfectly adhered at the same temperature because water molecules acted as a mobility enhancer. The peeling test demonstrated the failure modes of the heat-bound films. The cassava starch film, which had a low amylose content and crystallinity, showed better adhesion compared to other starch films.     

THE EFFECT OF NORFLURAZON ON PHOTOTROPIC REACTION IN Phaseolus aureus Roxb. SEEDLINGS

Abstract. The phototropic response of norflurazon-treated mung bean seedlings has been studied to evaluate the possible role of carotenoids, carotenoid-derived growth substances, or other factors in the perception/reaction system. Phototropism was slowed significantly in plants grown in white and blue light in the presence of norflurazon. This effect was evident in norflurazon-bleached seedlings, as well as in those whose pigment system was not affected, due to a shorter period of herbicide action. The possible modes of norflurazon action are discussed.     

A convenient resolution of long-chain alkyl epoxides with Jacobsen's salen(Co)III(OAc) catalysts

Non-racemic terminal long-chain alkyl epoxides are prepared from racemic epoxides and 1 mol% (R,R)- and (S,S)-salen(Co)III catalysts following a modified procedure for kinetic resolution. The ee's for all epoxides (C-10, C-12, C-14, C-16, C-18, C-20) exceed 95% and the chemical yields range from 85% to 95%.     

Asymmetric Hydrolytic Kinetic Resolution with Recyclable Macrocyclic CoIII–Salen Complexes: A Practical Strategy in the Preparation of (R)‐Mexiletine and (S)‐Propranolol

A chiral cobalt(III) complex ( 1 e ) was synthesized by the interaction of cobalt(II) acetate and ferrocenium hexafluorophosphate with a chiral dinuclear macrocyclic salen ligand that was derived from 1R,2R‐(?)‐1,2‐diaminocyclohexane with trigol bis‐aldehyde. A variety of epoxides and glycidyl ethers were suitable substrates for the reaction with water in the presence of chiral macrocyclic salen complex 1 e at room temperature to afford chiral epoxides and diols by hydrolytic kinetic resolution (HKR). Excellent yields (47 % with respect to the epoxides, 53 % with respect to the diols) and high enantioselectivity (ee>99 % for the epoxides, up to 96 % for the diols) were achieved in 2.5–16 h. The Co^III macrocyclic salen complex ( 1 e ) maintained its performance on a multigram scale and was expediently recycled a number of times. We further extended our study of chiral epoxides that were synthesized by using HKR to the synthesis of chiral drug molecules (R)‐mexiletine and (S)‐propranolol.     

绿豆萌发过程中SOD的分离纯化及性质研究

制备不同萌发时期绿豆SOD(超氧化物歧化酶)粗酶液,筛选出酶比活力最高的时期,并运用热变性、硫酸铵分级、DEAE-Sepharose FF阴离子交换层析和Sephacryl S-100 HR分子筛层析分离纯化并作对比考察,提纯的SOD进行了理化性质研究。结果表明,绿豆种子萌发第3天时SOD的比活力最高,经纯化获得的SOD酶比活力为2256.4 U/mg,纯化倍数为3.9。绿豆中SOD为Cu/Zn SOD和Mn SOD,分子量为68KD,热稳定性高,在pH5-8条件下稳定,对高浓度SDS具有抗性。EDTA可以一定程度上抑制SOD活性,H2O2可以完全抑制SOD活性。     

Regio- and stereoselective ring-opening reactions of epoxides with indoles and pyrroles in 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol

Aliphatic and aromatic epoxides react regio- and stereoselectively with indoles and pyrroles in 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol without the use of a catalyst or any other additive. While aromatic epoxides are selectively attacked at the benzylic position, aliphatic epoxides react at the less-substituted position. Chiral epoxides react with >99 % ee (ee=enantiomeric excess).     

Enantioselective epoxide polymerization using a bimetallic cobalt catalyst

A highly active enantiopure bimetallic cobalt complex was explored for the enantioselective polymerization of a variety of monosubstituted epoxides. The polymerizations were optimized for high rates and stereoselectivity, with s-factors (k(fast)/k(slow)) for most epoxides exceeding 50 and some exceeding 300, well above the threshold for preparative utility of enantiopure epoxides and isotactic polyethers. Values for mm triads of the resulting polymers are typically greater than 95%, with some even surpassing 98%. In addition, the use of a racemic catalyst allowed the preparation of isotactic polyethers in quantitative yields. The thermal properties of these isotactic polyethers are presented, with many polymers exhibiting high T(m) values. This is the first report of the rapid synthesis of a broad range of highly isotactic polyethers via the enantioselective polymerization of racemic epoxides.     

Organocatalytic stereoselective epoxidation of trisubstituted acrylonitriles

The first diastereospecific and enantioselective epoxidation of trans-2-aroyl-3-arylacrylonitriles by means of the commercially available diaryl L-prolinol/tert-butyl hydroperoxide system has been developed. These diversely functionalized epoxides were obtained in excellent yield (up to 99%), complete diastereoselectivity for the trans-isomer, and good enantioselectivity (up to 84% ee). Highly enantioenriched epoxides can be easily obtained after a single crystallization (ee > 90%).     

CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE COMPLEX OF MUNG BEAN TRYPSIN INHIBITOR LYSINE ACTIVE FRAGMENT WITH BOVINE TRYPSIN AT 1.8 ÅRESOLUTION

The structure of the complex of mung bean trypsin inhibitor lysine active fragment with bovine trypsin has been determined at a resolution of 1.8 Å by A-ray crystallographic analysis and the complex model refined by restrained least-squares minimization with the data between 10 Å and 1.8 Å resolution.The current conventional R factor is 17.3%, and the model con-tains 1648 protein atoms, 219 inhibitor atoms and 126 water molecules.Themost prominent feature of the inhibitor fragment is that it does not containany alpha-helices.Most of the chain fold in an irregular fashion.The seven residues of the binding segment of the inhibitor lysine active frag-ment are in specific contact with bovine trypsin.The binding interactionand geometry around the reactive site are similar to that observed in otherstudies of trypsin-inhibitor complexes.