F~2, F与I~2的化学发光反应

在流动余辉实验装置上,研究了F~2,F与I~2的化学发光反应。首次在F+I~2反应体系中观察到较强的IF(B→X)发射光谱,采用简单碰撞理论对IF(B)的振动驰豫进行估算后,得到了其振动布居,发现与F~2+I~2反应体系有明显的不同,从而推测这两个反应的激发态产物IF(B)是由不同的反应通道形成的。前者由初级反应产物I~2F与F原子进一步作用产生,而后者则由激发态的I(^2p~1~/~2)与基态的F(^2p~3~/~2)碰撞复合产生。     

用交叉束激光诱导荧光技术研究氟原子与碘化物的反应

在570-620 nm波长范围内用交叉束激光诱导荧光技术研究了F原子与C_2H_5I, C_2F_5I和C_3H_5I的反应, 获得了反应产物IF的振功和转功激发谱; 测得了反应产物IF在v=3, 4和5能级中的初生相对振动布居密度, 和部分的相对细致振动速率常数, 转动温度和振功能级中转动能量的平均部分数; 并对反应机制进行了讨论。     

F与CH~3F反应的可见化学发光

利用分子束装置研究了F与CH~3F反应可见光范围(450-900nm)的化学发光.观察到HCF(A~1A"-X2A')的七个振动带和HF^+电子基态振动广频跃迁的四个振动带和它们的强度随反应物流量的变化.求得HF分子的V'=4,5,6能级相对振动布居和V'=3的转动温度.分析表明两种光谱都是第二步反应(F+CH~2F)引起的,这步反应造成了HF高振动能级的统计性粒子分布和转动能级的玻尔兹曼分布.     

激光光解NO2产物——氧原子O(3PJ″)的REMPI离子谱

由Nd:YAG激光器三倍频, 输出波长为λ=355 nm（28 169 cm－1）的激光光解NO2分子产生的氧原子, 通过共振增强多光子电离（REMPI, resonance enhanced multiphoto ionization）及飞行时间（TOF, time of flight）质谱技术, 获得了自旋-轨道精细能级分辨的氧原子O(2p 3PJ″=2, 1, 0)离子谱.氧离子信号强度与UV电离激光能量（λ≈226 nm）之间的关系能用三次方曲线很好拟合, 它表明光解产物氧原子是通过（2＋1）多光子吸收过程而被电离的.由离子信号得到的氧原子基态三个自旋-轨道支能级布居比f1=I(3P1)/I(3P2)与f0=I(3P0)/I(3P2)分别为0.54±0.09和0.20±0.04, 并且在不同的光解激光能量下其布居比保持不变.这一比值与统计分布计算的值为0.6和0.2一致（即统计分布3P2∶3P1∶3P0=1:0.6:0.2）.这是由于样品(NO2)在较低的压力下（1.33×10－4 Pa）和极短的光解-电离时间范围内（10－8 s）, 产物O（3PJ″）支能级间几乎不可能发生碰撞能量转移, 因此, 氧原子三个自旋-轨道角动量分裂能级布居O（3PJ″=2, 1, 0）是统计分布的.     

束-气条件下He(23S)与CH3Cl及CH3I的传能研究

在束-气条件下，通过检测产物的化学发光，研究了亚稳电子激发态He（23S）原子与CH3Cl、CH3I传能反应.采用参比反应的方法，测得了由上述反应产生的主要碎片CH（A2△）、CH（B2∑-）、CH（C2∑+）和H*形成速率常数．通过对测得的CH（A2△－X2∏r）和CH（B2∑-－X2∏r）色散谱进行计算机模拟，获得了初生态的CH（A2△，v＝0－2）和CH（B2∑-，v＝0态）的振动-转动布居，实验结果表明，CH（A2△，v＝0）态的转动布居是呈双Boltzman分布的，并且反应的可资用能大部分将转变成产物的平动能．根据实验结果和反应阈能的分析，本文对He（23S）与CH3Cl／CH3I传能反应机理进行了探讨。     

低温基质隔离红外光谱和从头算研究CF~2O...IF

在10K Ar和Xe基质中测得CF_2O…IF的两种分子间配合物A和B的红外光谱,观察到A和B之间的异构化反应.采用量子化学从头计算,在MP_2/LANL2DZ水平上计算得到A和B的平衡构型的结构参数和振动频率.IF与CF_2O的相互作用引起CF_2O的C(?)O双键伸长、C—F键缩短,导致v_C=O的红移和V_(CF_2)的蓝移.由势能曲线可看出,A的势能比B高23kJ/mol,表明B比A稳定,升温能够发生A向B的转化.     

F原子与i-C3H7I反应的动力学研究

本文利用交叉分子束技术和激光诱导萤光方法, 研究了F+i-C3H7I→IF+i-C3H7反应的动力学过程. 获得了产物IF相对初生振动分布和相对细致反应速率常数. 初生态布居接近于模型III下的统计理论斯待值, 这不仅表明反应经过长寿命“配合物", 而且也说明自由基i-C3H7的内态是激发的. 另外, 确定了反应的产物IF内部能量分配和总反应截面σ, σ=(3.6±0.5)×10^-^1^6cm^2.     

F原子与i—CH_7I反应的动力学研究

本文利用交叉分子束技术和激光诱导萤光方法,研究了F+i-C_3H_7I→IF+i-C_3H_7反应的动力学过程。获得了产物IF相对初生振动分布和相对细致反应速率常数。初生态布居接近于模型Ⅲ下的统计理论期待值,这不仅表明反应经过长寿命“配合物”,而且也说明自由基i-C_3H_7的内态是激发的。另外,确定了反应的产物IF内部能量分配和总反应截面σ,σ=(3.6±0.5)×10~(-16)cm~2.     

在激波波面中氧分子的非平衡离解

对强激波作用下双原子分子振动与离解耦合的非平衡离解过程进行了理论计算.本工作的特点是将计算起点建立在分子基本参数上,采用主方程理论处理振动与离解的耦合,振动跃迁几率用SSH理论计算,在离解限附近考虑多量子数跃迁并计及原子复合的影响.对O2－Ar体系,计算给出了在正激波后O2分子振动能级分布、振动弛豫时间、离解孕育时间、离解产物浓度、离解速率系数等物理量随时间的演化.计算结果分别与Camac 和Wray的实验相符.计算显示，在激波作用的后期,有准稳态的振动能级布居分布.计算结果显示，Park模型低估了非平衡离解速率系数,Hansen模型则高估了非平衡离解速率系数.     

激光光解NO2产物--氧原子O(3PJ″)的REMPI离子谱

由 Nd:YAG激光器三倍频 ,输出波长为λ =355 nm( 28 169 cm- 1)的激光光解 NO2分子产生的氧原子 ,通过共振增强多光子电离( REMPI resonance enhanced multiphoto ionization)及飞行时间( TOF time of flight)质谱技术 ,获得了自旋轨道精细能级分辨的氧原子 O(2p 3PJ″ =2,1,0)离子谱 .氧离子信号强度与 UV电离激光能量(λ≈ 226 nm)之间的关系能用三次方曲线很好拟合 ,它表明光解产物氧原子是通过( 2+ 1)多光子吸收过程而被电离的 .由离子信号得到的氧原子基态三个自旋轨道支能级布居比 f1=I(3P1)/I(3P2)与 f0=I(3P0)/I(3P2)分别为 0.54± 0.09和 0.20± 0.04,并且在不同的光解激光能量下其布居比保持不变 .这一比值与统计分布计算的值为 0.6和 0.2一致(即统计分布 3P2∶ 3P1∶ 3P0=1:0.6:0.2) .这是由于样品 (NO2)在较低的压力下( 1.33× 10- 4 Pa)和极短的光解电离时间范围内( 10- 8 s) ,产物 O( 3PJ″)支能级间几乎不可能发生碰撞能量转移 ,因此 ,氧原子三个自旋轨道角动量分裂能级布居 O( 3PJ″ =2,1,0)是统计分布的.     

Comparison of experimental time-of-flight spectra of the HF products from the F+H2 reaction with exact quantum mechanical calculations

High resolution HF product time-of-flight spectra measured for the reactive scattering of F atoms from n-H2(p-H2) molecules at collision energies between 69 and 81 meV are compared with exact coupled-channel quantum mechanical calculations based on the Stark-Werner ab initio ground state potential energy surface. Excellent agreement between the experimental and computed rotational distributions is found for the HF product vibrational states v'=1 and v'=2. For the v'=3 vibrational state the agreement, however, is less satisfactory, especially for the reaction with p-H2. The results for v'=1 and v'=2 confirm that the reaction dynamics for these product states is accurately described by the ground electronic state 1 (2)A' potential energy surface. The deviations for HF(v'=3, j' > or =2) are attributed to an enhancement of the reaction resulting from the 25% fraction of excited ((2)P(12)) fluorine atoms in the reactant beam.     

Chain termination in polymerization of substituted oxetanes in the presence of boron trifluoride etherate

It has been shown that the polymerization of oxetanes with azidomethyl substituents initiated by boron trifluoride etherate in the absence and the presence of ethylene glycol proceeds via chain termination with fluorine atom transfer. This reaction results in the formation of a polymer that is monofunctional with respect to hydroxyl groups and contains a fluorine atom at one of the chain ends. With the use of ¹⁹F NMR spectroscopy, the number-average functionality of polymer with respect to fluorine atoms was studied. The methods of suppressing the aforementioned reaction, whose intensity decreases during a decrease in the polymerization temperature and an increase in the ethylene glycol concentration, were considered. In the absence of ethylene glycol, the chain termination with fluorine atom transfer is the main reaction of chain-propagation restriction.     

Synthesis,characterization, and computational study of the trans-IO2F5(2-) anion

The combination of CH(3)CN solutions of [N(CH(3))(4)][F] and a mixture of cis- and trans-[N(CH(3))(4)][IO(2)F(4)] produces the novel trans-IO(2)F(5)(2)(-) anion. Under the given conditions, only the trans-IO(2)F(4)(-) anion acts as a fluoride ion acceptor, thus allowing the separation of isomerically pure, soluble cis-IO(2)F(4)(-) from insoluble trans-IO(2)F(5)(2)(-). The trans-IO(2)F(5)(2)(-) and cis-IO(2)F(4)(-) anions were characterized by infrared and Raman spectroscopy and theoretical calculations at the LDFT and HF levels of theory. The trans-IO(2)F(5)(2)(-) anion has a pentagonal-bipyramidal geometry with the two oxygen atoms occupying the axial positions. It represents the first example of a heptacoordinated main group AO(2)X(5) species and completes the series of pentagonal-bipyramidal iodine fluoride and oxide fluoride species. The geometries of the pentagonal-bipyramidal series IO(2)F(5)(2)(-), IOF(5)(2)(-), IF(5)(2)(-), IOF(6)(-), IF(6)(-), and IF(7) and the corresponding octahedral series IO(2)F(4)(-), IOF(4)(-), IF(4)(-), IOF(5), IF(5), and IF(6)(+) were calculated by identical methods. It is shown how the ionic charge, the oxidation state of the iodine atom, the coordination number, and the replacement of fluorine ligands by either an oxygen ligand or a free valence electron pair influence the stuctures and bonding of these species.     

Quantum dynamics of the Li + HF --> H + LiF reaction at ultralow temperatures

Quantum-mechanical calculations are reported for the Li+HF(v=0,1,j=0)-->H+LiF(v',j') bimolecular scattering process at low and ultralow temperatures. Calculations have been performed for zero total angular momentum using a recent high-accuracy potential-energy surface for the X2A' electronic ground state. For Li+HF(v=0,j=0), the reaction is dominated by resonances due to the decay of metastable states of the Li cdots,...F-H van der Waals complex. Assignment of these resonances has been carried out by calculating the eigenenergies of the quasibound states. We also find that while chemical reactivity is greatly enhanced by vibrational excitation, the resonances get mostly washed out in the reaction of vibrationally excited HF with Li atoms. In addition, we find that at low energies, the reaction is significantly suppressed due to the less-efficient tunneling of the relatively heavy fluorine atom.     

Microwave spectrum, conformation and intramolecular hydrogen bonding of 2,2,2-trifluoroethanethiol (CF3CH2SH)

The microwave spectrum of 2,2,2-trifluoroethanethiol, CF3CH2SH, and of one deuterated species, CF3CH2SD, has been investigated in the 7-80 GHz spectral interval. The microwave spectra of the ground and three vibrationally excited states belonging to three different normal modes of one conformer were assigned for the parent species, and the vibrational frequencies of these fundamentals were determined by relative intensity measurements. Only the ground vibrational state was assigned for the deuterated species. The identified form has a synclinal arrangement for the H-S-C-C chain of atoms and the corresponding dihedral angle is 68(5) degrees from synperiplanar (0 degrees). A weak intramolecular hydrogen bond formed between the thiol (SH) group and one of the fluorine atoms is stabilizing this conformer. There is no evidence in the microwave spectrum for the H-S-C-C antiperiplanar form. The hydrogen atom of the thiol group should have the ability to tunnel between two equivalent synclinal potential wells, but no splittings of spectral lines due to tunneling were observed. The microwave work was augmented by quantum chemical calculations at the B3LYP/aug-cc-pVTZ and MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ levels of theory.     

Theoretical study of the nucleophilic 5-endo-trigonal cyclization of 1,1-difluoro-1-alkenes

The nucleophilic 5-endo-trigonal cyclization of 1,1-difluoro-1-alkenes has been studied at the B3LYP/6-31+G(d) level in an Onsager continuum model for DMF. The reaction takes an addition-elimination path. Both the transition-state structures and the IRC analyses suggest the delocalization of the negative charge to highly electronegative two fluorine atoms during the addition reaction is the origin of the high reactivity of 1,1-difluoro-1-alkenes. Judging from the activation energies, both dichloro and dibromo counterparts are much less reactive for 5-endo-trigonal cyclization. In these substrates, the cyclization reaction is promoted by chlorine or bromine atom with their good leaving-group ability, and the addition of oxyanion to the pi-bond occurs along with the simultaneous elimination of halogen atom. The study on the cyclizations of beta-monofluoro-o-hydroxystyrenes and beta-bromo-beta-fluoro counterparts shows that one fluorine atom is not enough to delocalize the negative charge in the addition step.     

Reactions of fluorine atoms with iodides studied by crossed beam laser-induced fluorescence

The reactions of F atoms with C₂H₅I, C₂F₅I, and n-C₃H₅I were studied by the crossed beam laser-induced fluorescence techniques within the 570–620 nm wavelength region. The vibrational and rotational excitation spectra of the reaction product IF were measured. The relative vibrational population densities of v = 3,4, and 5 vibrational levels, and some of the relative detailed vibrational rate constants, the rotational temperatures, and the mean fractions of rotational energy in individual vibrational states of the reaction product IF were obtained. The reaction mechanism was discussed.     

AIM Study on the Reaction of CH2SH Radical with Fluorine Atom

The reaction of CH2SH radical with fluorine atom was studied at the levels of B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) and MP2(Full)/6-311G(d,p). The computational results show that the reaction has three channels and proceeds by the addition of fluorine atoms on carbon or sulfur sites of CH2SH, forming initial intermediates. The calculated results show that the channel in which fluorine attaches to the carbon atom to form CH2S and HF, is the most likely reaction pathway. Topological analysis of electron density was carried out for the three channels. The change trends of the chemical bonds on the reaction paths were discussed. The energy transition states and the structure transition regions (states) of the three channels were found. The calculated results show that the structure transition regions are broad in unobvious exothermic reactions or unobvious endothermic reactions, and are narrow in obvious exothermic reactions or obvious endothermic reactions.