不同羧酯比的聚马来酸十八醇酯齐聚物的镉盐LB膜成膜特性研究

由聚马来酸杆和十八醇合成了一系列不同羧酯比的聚马来酸十八醇酯（PMA），并以其为成膜材料、CdCl2水溶液为亚相制备了一系列聚马来酸十八醇酯镉盐（CdPMA）LB膜．借助小角X射线衍射和红外吸收光谱表征了成膜条件及羧酯比对CdPMA膜有序结构的影响．在较高膜压（30mN／m）和快速提拉（10cm／min）条件下，低羧酯比的CdPMA可得到有序性很高的Y-型LB多层膜；高羧酯比的CdPMA得不到高有序性的LB多层膜．     

二氧化钛超薄膜的组装

近年来LB膜技术和超微粒子研究的发展，将两者有效地结合起来组装了与量子电子学、非线性光学、光电化学、化学生物传感器有关的纳米量级无机半导体材料［‘－‘j．其中TIO。纳米薄膜材料已在太阳能电池反射膜、压电铁电薄膜、电致显示器件［‘j、可逆光电池和超导薄膜［’］研究中都显示了广阔的应用前景．这类薄膜制备多采用化学气相沉积（CVD）技术和原子层外延．也有人把LB技术应用于纳米粒子的组装来制备TIO。超薄膜［”’j二本文利用烷氧基钛在水／空气界面上发生的溶胶一凝胶化反应制备TIO。基胶态粒子及其固态凝聚膜，将其与…     

TiO2/十六烷基三甲基溴化铵有序交替层状纳米复合薄膜的制备与结构表征

近年来有序交替的层状纳米结构薄膜的制备吸引了研究者们的极大关注. 目前, 这类薄膜的制备方法研究得最多的是LB技术[1～3]、基于化学吸附的自组装成膜技术[4,5]和交替沉积组装技术[6～8]. 但这几种方法都有明显的缺陷[9,10], 其中,通过LB技术制备有序交替层状纳米复合薄膜需要昂贵的仪器, 而且由于层间是分子相互作用, 膜的稳定性较差; 基于化学吸附的自组装成膜技术由于需要高反应活性的分子和特殊的基底表面, 并且由于化学反应的产率很难达到100%, 因此通过这种方法制备结构有序的多层膜并不容易; 利用交替沉积的方法制备出具有实用厚度的纳米多层膜需要耗费大量的时间. 最近, 出现了一种称为蒸发诱导的超分子自组装方法, 由这种方法制备的纳米多层膜具有成膜速度快和膜有序度高等优点, 此外还可以通过改变成膜物质浓度和拉膜速度来控制薄膜的厚度, 但与LB膜相比其厚度无法在分子水平上控制. 利用这种方法制备多层膜目前的文献报道仅限于线形SiO2与有机物的组装[10～13]. 本文利用这种方法制备了TiO2/十六烷基三甲基溴化铵纳米复合薄膜并对其结构进行了表征, 结果表明所制备的薄膜具有TiO2/十六烷基三甲基溴化铵有序交替的层状结构.     

ZrO2纳米粒子原位杂化PVDF膜的制备及其抗污染性能

针对传统聚合物膜抗污染性差的问题,本文从杂化膜结构设计出发,提出将ZrO2纳米粒子的原位制备和聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)相转化成膜过程有机结合的制膜新方法.该方法将阴离子交换树脂引入到N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中,以氧氯化锆为原料,利用阴离子交换树脂提供的―OH与无机盐的阴离子进行交换,得到ZrO2纳米粒子均匀分散的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶胶体系.随后将PVDF聚合物溶解到所得的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶胶体系中,获得均一、透明的铸膜液.利用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对杂化膜中锆的存在状态和分散性能进行了表征.结果表明,ZrO2纳米粒子均匀分散在PVDF基体中,并且形成的纳米粒子的粒径约为10-20 nm.通过粘度、分相速度和膜形态的测定,研究了成膜机理.结果表明,ZrO2纳米粒子的引入加速了铸膜液成膜过程的分相速度.杂化膜的亲水性能通过接触角测定仪进行了评价.并选择以牛血清蛋白为代表模拟污染物,考察了杂化超滤膜的抗污染性能.结果表明,原位形成的ZrO2纳米粒子显著提高了膜的亲水性,减少了膜对蛋白质的吸附.这种将ZrO2纳米粒子的原位制备和PVDF相转化成膜过程有机结合的制膜新方法在有机-无机杂化膜的制备领域具有显著意义.     

透明纳米CeO2的合成与表征

采用胶溶法合成了表面修饰十二烷基苯磺酸钠（DBS）的CeO2纳米粒子有机溶胶，探讨了制轩CeO2纳米有机溶胶的最佳实验条件TEM分析表明，CeO2（DBS）纳米粒子呈球形，约3nm，粒径分布均匀，无团聚现象。ED分析表明，CeO2（DBS）纳米粒子为多晶结构。     

SnO2水溶胶气-液界面纳米胶粒成膜过程

采用胶体化学法制得稳定的ＳｎＯ２纳米粒子溶胶。在ＬＢ膜槽内，用膜天平考察了溶胶在陈化和均速压缩过程中，气－液界面表面压力的变化。，并用布儒斯特色显微镜，直接观察了陈化过程中界面胶体粒子的片面成膜过程，和均速压缩过程中界面胶体粒子的压缩成膜过程。     

LB技术制备SnO2-TiO2无机交替纳米薄膜

采用LB技术将SnO₂纳米粒子和TiO₂纳米粒子组装进花生酸的交替多层膜，通过热处理除去膜中的有机成分后，采用红外光谱、紫外可见光谱、X-光电子能谱、低角X-射线衍射、原子力显微镜以及扫描电子显微镜等手段对处理后的膜进行了形貌、组成和结构表征，表明制得的是SnO₂纳米粒子-TiO₂纳米粒子无机-无机交替的均匀的纳米薄膜。     

一种新型的铕络合物/TiO2发光薄膜

研究了Eu(DBM)3(DiBut-bpy)/TiO2/AA 单分子膜的表面压－分子面积(π－A)曲线和稳定性,单层膜中的TiO2纳米粒子是经TBT（tetrabutyloxyltitanium ,钛酸四丁酯）二维溶胶-凝胶法得到的.TiO2纳米粒子和铕络合物都被成功地转移到固体基片上，得到了具有良好的机械和热稳定性的新型发光薄膜.小角度X射线衍射结果证明这种复合膜具有层状有序的周期性结构.讨论了TiO2基质对复合膜发光机理的影响.     

2-烷基-苯并咪唑在硝酸银亚相上的Langmuir膜及LB膜

对不同链长的2-烷基-苯并咪唑衍生物（BzCn,烷基链长从C5到C15）在硝酸银亚相上的成膜行为及形成的LB膜的结构进行了研究.表面压－面积曲线的结果表明，短链(C5～C9)的2-烷基-苯并咪唑可在银离子亚相上形成稳定的单分子膜，而长链(C13和C15)衍生物则形成多层膜.利用LB技术可将上述Langmuir膜转移到固体基板上形成LB膜，其吸收光谱的结果说明了苯并咪唑和银离子配位.利用AFM、XRD及FT-IR等技术研究了烷基链长对LB膜结构的影响.实验结果表明,除了BzC15，其余的衍生物都可形成规整的层状结构.短链衍生物的单层LB膜具有均一、平整的形貌；而对于BzC15，观察到多层结构.     

对叔丁基杯[8]芳烃/钼磷杂多酸纳米杂化LB膜的制备与表征

以含有共轭大π键的对叔丁基杯[8]芳烃(Cal8)和十八(烷)铵(ODA)与Keggin结构和Dawson结构钼磷杂多酸(HPA)做成膜材料, 用LB技术制备了2种新型无机-有机杂化LB膜. 用π-A曲线、UV-Vis吸收光谱、荧光光谱和原子力显微镜(AFM)对标题LB膜的成膜性质、结构及发光性质进行了表征. 结果表明在空气/水界面Cal8/ODA/HPA杂化可形成稳定的单层与多层膜. 标题杂化LB膜的崩溃压为39.0 mN/m, 其粒子具有纳米尺寸, 在激发波长为280 nm时, 可观察到322～387 nm处由Cal8分子π-π*跃迁引起的荧光发射峰及510 nm处 杂多阴离子的配体到金属的荷移跃迁(LMCT)三重发射谱带.     

有机HTDIOO分子LB膜结构的AFM研究

利用原子力显微镜（ＡＦＭ）对有机分子ＨＴＤＩＯＯ单层和多层ＬＢ膜结构进行了观察。实验结果表明，针尖与ＬＢ膜表面分子间的相互作用力会对成像的膜结构有影响。当悬臂针尖与ＬＢ膜表面分子的相互作用力较大时，针尖会扰动ＨＴＤＩＯＯ分子在单层ＬＢ膜中的有序排列。ＨＴＤＩＯＯ单层ＬＢ膜具有有序结构；而在多层ＬＢ膜中，ＨＴＤＩＯＯ分子则聚集在一起形成了一定的畴结构。     

荧光素衍生物LB膜对TiO2电极的光敏化作用

合成了三种荧光素长碳链衍生物，通过LB技术将它们组装成单分子薄膜，修饰在用溶胶-凝胶法制备的TiO2透明电极上，研究了这些LB膜的结构和特性及它对TiO2的光增感作用．并对其光敏化机理作了阐述．     

Electron transfer studies on cholesterol LB films assembled on thiophenol and 2-naphthalenethiol self-assembled monolayers

We have formed the cholesterol monolayer and multilayer LB films on the self-assembled monolayers of 2-naphthalenethiol (2-NT) and thiophenol (TP) and studied the electrochemical barrier properties of these composite films using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. We have also characterized the cholesterol monolayer film using grazing angle FTIR, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Cholesterol has a long hydrophobic steroid chain, which makes it a suitable candidate to assemble on the hydrophobic surfaces. We find that the highly hydrophobic surface formed by the self-assembled monolayers (SAM) of 2-NT and TP act as effective platforms for the fabrication of cholesterol monolayer and multilayer films. The STM studies show that the cholesterol monolayer films on 2-NT form striped patterns with a separation of 1.0 nm between them. The area per cholesterol molecule is observed to be 0.64 nm2 with a tilt angle of about 28.96 degrees from the surface normal. The electrochemical studies show a large increase in charge transfer resistance and lowering of interfacial capacitance due to the formation of the LB film of cholesterol. We have compared the behavior of this system with that of cholesterol monolayer and multilayers formed on the self-assembled monolayer of thiophenol.     

有机HTDIOO分子LB膜结构的AFM研究

利用原子力显微镜（AFM）对有机分子HTDIOO单层和多层LB膜结构进行了观察·实验结果表明，针尖与LB膜表面分子间的相互作用力会对成像的膜结构有影响．当悬臂针尖与LB膜表面分子的相互作用力较大时，针尖会扰动HTDIOO分子在单层LB膜中的有序排列．HTDIOO单层LB膜具有有序结构；而在多层LB膜中，HTDIOO分子则聚集在一起形成了一定的畴结构．     

Formation of langmuir-blodgett films containing two-dimensional monoatomic arrays of rare-earth cations

The work is focused on the preparation and characterisation of rare-earth containing stearic acid Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films. Stearic acid monolayer behavior on the rare-earth containing aqueous subphase have been analyzed by thermodynamic measurements. The compression isotherm shape changed substantially under varying the anion type at the constant rare-earth cation content in aqueous subphase. The structure of formed multilayer rare-earth containing LB films was studied using small angle X-rays diffraction. The considerable structural defects in multilayer films were found when rare-earth chloride solution was exploited as aqueous subphase, caused presumably by electrostatic interactions at the monolayer surface under high binding of rare-earth cations. The use of monodentate complexones like acetic acid was proposed to form bulk phase quasi-neutral rare-earth complexes. The electroneutral ligand exchange reactions of such complexes with stearic acid monolayer allowed to neutralise monolayer surface under rare-earth cations binding and to form condenced monolayer below the triple-point temperature. The compression of such monolayer to the state of minimal compressibility and subsequent monolayer deposition resulted in the formation of high ordered LB films with high content of adsorbed multivalent rare-earth cations arranged in two-dimensional monoatomic arrays.     

Study on the Structure and Properties of Ordered Conductive Polymer Ultrathin Film

A Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) inducing method was firstly used to prepare single layer and multilayer conducting composite PEDOT-PSS film. The film-forming ability of ionization ODA and ODA-SA monolayer spread on PEDOT-PSS nanoparticle sub-phase and the behavior of ODA/PEDOT-PSS assembly particles on pure water were firstly investigated. The results indicated that nanoparticles in the suphase are packed in the ionization monolayer and stable complex Langmuir film is formed at the air/water interface. It has been found that the best film-forming conditions for composite film are as follows:distinct interface was formed between ODA and PEDOT-PSS layer and single layer thickness of PEDOT-PSS was about 23 nm,well accordant to the size of PEDOT-PSS nanoparticles. Different structures were designed to test the conductive ability of these composite films and a variable range hopping (VRH) model was used to explain the film conductive mechanism. The results indicated that a 3D-VRH model explained well the transferring of charge carrier in the multilayer film.     

纳米晶镍-钼合金电沉积层的结构与性能

研究了Ｃｒ２Ｏ３、ＭｏＯ３、ＳＯ２－４和ＣｕＳＯ４在ＳｎＯ２表面的单层分散及其对ＳｎＯ２超细粉热稳定性的影响．结果表明,几种化合物在ＳｎＯ２上均能单层分散且分散阈值都接近按密置单层模型估算的分散容量极限值;表面单层覆盖能十分有效地抑制ＳｎＯ２的高温烧结,单层覆盖率与经５００℃焙烧后样品中ＳｎＯ２的粒径和比表面有很好的对应关系,表现出很强的阈值效应;单层覆盖率达到一定程度,ＳｎＯ２高温烧结便可基本得到抑制．     

Langmuir monolayers and Langmuir–Blodgett films of ferritin prepared by using a surfactant mixture of eicosylamine (EA) and methyl stearate (SME)

Magnetic Langmuir–Blodgett films of ferritin have been prepared by using the adsorption properties of a 1/4 mixed monolayer of eicosylamine (EA) and methyl stearate (SME). BAM images show that a more homogeneous distribution of ferritin at the air–water interface is achieved by using this mixture of surfactants instead of the DODA/SME mixed matrix of a previous work. Transfer of the monolayer onto different substrates allowed the preparation of multilayer LB films. Infrared and UV–Vis spectroscopies indicate that ferritin molecules are incorporated within the LB films. Furthermore, UV–Vis spectroscopy measurements reveal that the amount of ferritin incorporated into these LB film has been increased with respect to that in the DODA/SME LB films. Finally magnetic measurements confirm that the superparamagnetic properties of this molecule are preserved in the LB films.     

LB film structure of poly(2-methoxy,5-(8-methoxy-3,6-dioxa-1-undecoxy)-p-phenylene vinylene) studied by spectroscopy

A PPV derivative, poly(2-methoxy,5-(8-methoxy-3,6-dioxa-1-undecoxy)-p-phenylene vinylene), has been synthesized by the Gilch route to study the influence of a long alkyl side chain and a di(ethylene oxide) methyl ether group on the multilayer structure obtained by Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique. UV-visible, PL, and FTIR spectra are applied to study the conformation and orientation of the MMDU-PPV molecules in multilayer organization. MMDU-PPV is apt to form a transferable monolayer film, in which the plane of its pi system is perpendicular to the air-water interface. The adjacent conjugated main chains of MMDU-PPV in LB films are aligned in parallel fashion and packed with the plane of its pi system approximately perpendicular to the layer plane and not organized to compact pi-stacking structure for introducing di(ethylene oxide) methyl ether (DEOM) side chains to conjugated main chains. The long alkyl side chains are characterized by all trans-zigzag conformation and average tilt angle of 36+/-1.5 degrees. The layer-by-layer multilayer of MMDU-PPV obtained by Langmuir-Blodgett technique exhibits some in-plane anisotropy and more pure photoluminescence than that of the dilute MMDU-PPV solution.