对热力学第二定律开尔文表述的一点讨论

本文指出，热力学第二定律的开尔文表述以及Ｒａｍｓｅｙ、Ｌａｎｄｓｂｅｒｇ等人对它所作的改述都不够完备，并提供了一种完备的表述。同时指出，开尔文表述只有作了完备的改述后，才与作了完备改述的克劳修斯表述等价。     

对重整热力学第二定律理论体系的不同看法

阐述了对重整热力学第二定律理论体系的不同看法及拓宽热力学第二定律理论体系的整体构思。     

关于热力学第二定律克劳修斯表述问题

本文论述热力第二定律的克劳修斯表述在逻辑上是成立的。     

热力学第二定律理论体系的讨论

热力学第二定律原有的两个理论体系都有明显的不足之处,为此,综全各种方法的优点,利用我们提出的简单物质可逆补热循环以及微分方程基本理论,简单明确地直接由热力学第二定律的开尔文表述推导克劳修斯等式、不等式,在推导过程中自然地引出绝对温度,得到热力学熵和增加原理,从而建立起热力学第二定律的新理论体系。     

重整热力学第二定律理论体系的一种新方法

利用理想气体可逆过程的规律来建立热力学第二定律的理论体系并无必要.本文提出一种新的方法.     

热力学第二定律的新表述

 在热力学中,热力学第二定律处于核心地位,是热力学的重要理论基础.这个定律有很多系统的表述,其中最常用的形式是开尔文表述和克劳修斯表述,作为状态函数的熵就是根据这一定律确定出来的.引入熵概念以后,可以得出热力学第二定律的数学表示dS≥δQ/T和熵增加原理△S≥0.本文给出了热力学第二定律的一种新的表述,由它可以很容易得到绝对熵和温度的定义,以及dS≥δQ/T和△S≥0.     

关于开尔文表述和克劳修斯表述的等价性的一点讨论

讨论了热力学第二定律的开尔文表述和克劳修斯表述的等价性的一个问题     

“热力学第二定律之争”及其教育功能

热力学第二定律是反应自然过程的方向性的定律,它广泛地应用于各个学科和生活领域.热力学第二定律两种说法提出的具体过程,教材中提到的很少.参考了相关文献,较为完整地展现了热力学第二定律的背景及两种说法的提出过程,为物理课堂教学提供相应的史料支撑,让学生体会物理观念和科学方法的重要性,有助于培养学生的哲学思想,特别是有助于对学生物质观、运动观以及世界观的培养.     

从热力学第二定律讨论热力学过程

从热力学第二定律说明可逆热传导过程的机制。     

重整势力学第二定律理论体系的一种新方法

利用理想气体可逆过程的规律来建立热力学第二定律的理论体系并无必要。本提出一种新的方法。     

On the second law of thermodynamics

The second law of thermodynamics has two distinct aspects to its foundations. The first concerns the question of why entropy goes up in the future, and the second, of why it goes down in the past. Statistical physicists tend to be more concerned with the first question and with careful considerations of definition and mathematical detail. The second question is of quite a different nature; it leads into areas of cosmology and quantum gravity, where the mathematical and physical issues are ill understood.     

Maxwell’s demon and the second law of thermodynamics

An idealized, two-dimensional Maxwell demon is described which incorporates an irreversible process. The vertex of the device acts as a purely mechanical ‘trap door’. This idealized mechanism is found to generate a violation of the second law of thermodynamics. These results indicate that the second law of thermodynamics is not valid in general for idealized, irreversible systems.     

非相对论热力学中玻意耳定律与焦耳定律的相互独立性

证明在非相对论热力学理论系统中,焦耳定律不是玻意耳定律的推论,玻意耳定律也不是焦耳定律的推论．用热力学证明理想气体的低温热容满足关系式∫0ε[Cv(θ）/θ]dθ= ∞,并对以往的争论给予一些评论．     

关于热力学第三定律的能斯特思考

阐明能斯特关于热力学第三定律的思考是大胆的,也是符合逻辑的。     

Thermodynamics of the Apparent Horizon in FRW Universe with Massive Gravity

Applying Clausius relation with energy-supply defined by the unified first law of thermodynamics formalism to the apparent horizon of a massive gravity model in cosmology proposed lately, the corrected entropic formula of the apparent horizon is obtained with the help of the modified Friedmann equations. This entropy-area relation, together with the identified Misner-Sharp internal energy, verifies the first law of thermodynamics for the apparent horizon with a volume change term for consistency. On the other hand, by means of the corrected entropy-area formula and the Clausius relation δQ=TdS, where the heat flow δQ is the energy-supply of pure matter projecting on the vector ξ tangent to the apparent horizon and should be looked on as the amount of energy crossing the apparent horizon during the time interval dt and the temperature of the apparent horizon for energy crossing during the same interval is 1/(2πA), the modified Friedmann equations governing the dynamical evolution of the universe are reproduced with the known energy density and pressure of massive graviton. The integration constant is found to correspond to a cosmological term which could be absorbed into the energy density of matter. Having established the correspondence of massive cosmology with the unified first law of thermodynamics on the apparent horizon, the validity of the generalized second law of thermodynamics is also discussed by assuming the thermal equilibrium between the apparent horizon and the matter field bounded by the apparent horizon. It is found that, in the limit Hc→0, which recovers the Minkowski reference metric solution in the flat case, the generalized second law of thermodynamics holds if α3+4α40. Without this condition, even for the simplest model of dRGT massive cosmology with α3 =α4 =0, the generalized second law of thermodynamics could be violated.     

Thermodynamics of the Apparent Horizon in FRW Universe with Massive Gravity

Applying Clausius relation with energy-supply defined by the unified first law of thermodynamics formalism to the apparent horizon of a massive gravity model in cosmology proposed lately, the corrected entropic formula of the apparent horizon is obtained with the help of the modified Friedmann equations. This entropy-area relation, together with the identified Misner-Sharp internal energy, verifies the first law of thermodynamics for the apparent horizon with a volume change term for consistency. On the other hand, by means of the corrected entropy-area formula and the Clausius relation δQ=T dS, where the heat flow δQ is the energy-supply of pure matter projecting on the vector ζ tangent to the apparent horizon and should be looked on as the amount of energy crossing the apparent horizon during the time interval dt and the temperature of the apparent horizon for energy crossing during the same interval is 1/2πrA, the modified Friedmann equations governing the dynamical evolution of the universe are reproduced with the known energy density and pressure of massive graviton. The integration constant is found to correspond to a cosmological term which could be absorbed into the energy density of matter. Having established the correspondence of massive cosmology with the unified first law of thermodynamics on the apparent horizon, the validity of the generalized second law of thermodynamics is also discussed by assuming the thermal equilibrium between the apparent horizon and the matter field bounded by the apparent horizon. It is found that, in the limit H_c→0, which recovers the Minkowski reference metric solution in the flat case, the generalized second law of thermodynamics holds if α₃+4α₄<0. Without this condition, even for the simplest model of dRGT massive cosmology with α₃=α₄=0, the generalized second law of thermodynamics could be violated.