Maps of several variables of finite total variation. II. E. Helly-type pointwise selection principles

Given a=(a₁,…,an), b=(b₁,…,bn)∈Rn with a<b componentwise and a map f from the rectangle into a metric semigroup M=(M,d,+), denote by the Hildebrandt-Leonov total variation of f on , which has been recently studied in [V.V. Chistyakov, Yu.V. Tretyachenko, Maps of several variables of finite total variation. I, J. Math. Anal. Appl. (2010), submitted for publication]. The following Helly-type pointwise selection principle is proved: If a sequence{fj}_j∈Nof maps frominto M is such that the closure in M of the set{fj(x)}_j∈Nis compact for eachandis finite, then there exists a subsequence of{fj}_j∈N, which converges pointwise onto a map f such that. A variant of this result is established concerning the weak pointwise convergence when values of maps lie in a reflexive Banach space (M,‖⋅‖) with separable dual M^∗.     

Selections of bounded variation under the excess restrictions

Let X be a metric space with metric d, c(X) denote the family of all nonempty compact subsets of X and, given F,G∈c(X), let e(F,G)=supx∈Finfy∈Gd(x,y) be the Hausdorff excess of F over G. The excess variation of a multifunction , which generalizes the ordinary variation V of single-valued functions, is defined by where the supremum is taken over all partitions of the interval [a,b]. The main result of the paper is the following selection theorem: If,V₊(F,[a,b])<∞,t₀∈[a,b]andx₀∈F(t₀), then there exists a single-valued functionof bounded variation such thatf(t)∈F(t)for allt∈[a,b],f(t₀)=x₀,V(f,[a,t₀))?V₊(F,[a,t₀))andV(f,[t₀,b])?V₊(F,[t₀,b]). We exhibit examples showing that the conclusions in this theorem are sharp, and that it produces new selections of bounded variation as compared with [V.V. Chistyakov, Selections of bounded variation, J. Appl. Anal. 10 (1) (2004) 1-82]. In contrast to this, a multifunction F satisfying e(F(s),F(t))?C(t−s) for some constant C?0 and all s,t∈[a,b] with s?t (Lipschitz continuity with respect to e(⋅,⋅)) admits a Lipschitz selection with a Lipschitz constant not exceeding C if t₀=a and may have only discontinuous selections of bounded variation if a<t₀?b. The same situation holds for continuous selections of when it is excess continuous in the sense that e(F(s),F(t))→0 as s→t−0 for all t∈(a,b] and e(F(t),F(s))→0 as s→t+0 for all t∈[a,b) simultaneously.     

The optimal form of selection principles for functions of a real variable

Let T be a nonempty set of real numbers, X a metric space with metric d and X^T the set of all functions from T into X. If fX^T and n is a positive integer, we set , where the supremum is taken over all numbers a₁,…,a_n,b₁,…,b_n from T such that a₁b₁a₂b₂a_nb_n. The sequence is called the modulus of variation of f in the sense of Chanturiya. We prove the following pointwise selection principle: If a sequence of functions is such that the closure in X of the set is compact for each tT and

(∗)

then there exists a subsequence of , which converges in X pointwise on T to a function fX^T satisfying lim_n→∞ν(n,f)/n=0. We show that condition (*) is optimal (the best possible) and that all known pointwise selection theorems follow from this result (including Helly's theorem). Also, we establish several variants of the above theorem for the almost everywhere convergence and weak pointwise convergence when X is a reflexive separable Banach space.     

Discrete characterization of the Paley-Wiener space with several variables

In this paper, we obtain a characterization of the Paley-Wiener space with several variables, which is denoted byB _{π, p} (R ⁿ ), 1≤p<∞, i.e., for 1<p<∞,B _{π, p} (R ⁿ ) is isomorphic tol _p (Z ⁿ ), and forp=1,B _{π, 1} (R ⁿ ) is isomorphic to the discrete Hardy space with several variables, which is denoted byH(Z ⁿ ). This project is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (19671012) and Doctoral Programme Institution of Higher Education Foundation of Chinese Educational Committee and supported by Youth Foundation of Sichuan.     

Sum of degrees of irreducible factors for polynomials in several variables

New lower bounds are given for the sum of degrees of simple and distinct irreducible factors of the polynomial f₁+?+fn, where fi(1?i?n) are pairwise relatively prime polynomials of several variables with coefficients in C.     

Theory of several paravector variables: Bochner-Martinelli formula and Hartogs theorem

The aim of this article is to extend the theory of several complex variables to the non-commutative realm. Some basic results, such as the Bochner-Martinelli formula, the existence theorem of the solutions to the non-homogeneous Cauchy-Riemann equations, and the Hartogs theorem, are generalized from complex analysis in several variables to Clifford analysis in several paravector variables. In particular, the Bochner-Martinelli formula in several paravector variables unifies the corresponding formulas in the theory of one complex variable, several complex variables, and several quaternionic variables with suitable modifications.     

Local approximation of functions with several variables

This paper presents the problem of local approximation of scalar functions with several variables, including points of non-differentiability. The procedure considers that the mapping displays rates of change of power type with respect to linear changes in the coordinate domain, and the exponents are not necessarily integer. The approach provides a formula describing the local variability of scalar fields which contains and generalizes Taylor’s formula of first order. The functions giving the contact are Müntz polynomials. The knowledge of their coefficients and exponents enables the finding of local extremes including cases of non-smoothness. Sufficient conditions for the existence of global maxima and minima of concave-convex functions are obtained as well.     

A relationship between the maximum modulus and Taylor coefficients of entire functions of several complex variables

We present results on the relationship between the growth of the maximum modulus and the decay of Taylor coefficients of entire functions of several variables. The results are obtained by two different methods, the first of which had been proposed earlier by Oskolkov for the one-dimensional case, and the second is based on the use of the Legendre-Jung-Fenchel conjugates of the weight functions. Attention is mainly paid to the characterization of the growth of entire functions with respect to the conjunction of variables; however, some results are obtained for the case in which there is different growth with respect to different variables. Translated fromMatematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 62, No. 2, pp. 238–258, August, 1997. Translated by N. K. Kulman     

On the convergence of certain sequences of rational approximants to meromorphic functions in several variables

In a previous paper, the author introduced a new class of multivariate rational interpolants, which are called Optimal Padé-type Approximants (OPTA). There, for this class of rational interpolants, which extends classical univariate Padé Approximants, a direct extension of the “de Montessus de Ballore's Theorem” for meromorphic functions in several variables is established. In the univariate case, this theorem ensures uniform convergence of a row of Pade Approximants when the denominator degree equals the number of poles (counting multiplicities) in a certain disc. When one overshoots the number of poles when fixing the denominator degree, convergence in measure or capacity has been proved and, under certain additional restrictions, the uniform convergence of a subsequence of the row. The author tackles the latter case and studies its generalization to functions in several variables by using OPTA.     

On the total variation for functions of several variables and a multidimensional analog of Helly’s selection principle

We introduce the new notion of total variation for the Hardy class of functions of several variables and state various properties, similar to those in the one-dimensional case, for functions belonging to this class. In particular, we prove a precise version of Helly’s selection principle for this class. Translated fromMatematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 63, No. 1, pp. 69–80, January, 1998.     

On the size of lemniscates of polynomials in one and several variables

In the convergence theory of rational interpolation and Padé approximation, it is essential to estimate the size of the lemniscatic set and , for a polynomial of degree . Usually, is taken to be monic, and either Cartan's Lemma or potential theory is used to estimate the size of , in terms of Hausdorff contents, planar Lebesgue measure , or logarithmic capacity cap. Here we normalize and show that cap and are the sharp estimates for the size of . Our main result, however, involves generalizations of this to polynomials in several variables, as measured by Lebesgue measure on or product capacity and Favarov's capacity. Several of our estimates are sharp with respect to order in and .

     

Multifractal spectrum and generic properties of functions monotone in several variables

We study the singularity (multifractal) spectrum of continuous functions monotone in several variables. We find an upper bound valid for all functions of this type, and we prove that this upper bound is reached for generic functions monotone in several variables. Let be the set of points at which f has a pointwise exponent equal to h. For generic monotone functions f:d[0,1]→R, we have that for all h∈[0,1], and in addition, we obtain that the set is empty as soon as h>1. We also investigate the level set structure of such functions.     

A theorem concerning a product of a general class of polynomials and theH-function of several complex variables

A theorem concerning a product of a general class of polynomials and theH-function of several complex variables is given. Using this theorem certain integrals and expansion formula have been obtained. This general theorem is capable of giving a number of new, interesting and useful integrals, expansion formulae as its special cases.     

Degree of approximation to function of bounded variation by Bézier variant of MKZ operators

Guo (Approx. Theory Appl. 4 (1988) 9-18) introduced the integral modification of Meyer-Konig and Zeller operators and studied the rate of convergence for functions of bounded variation. In this paper we introduce the Bézier variant of these integrated MKZ operators and study the rate of convergence by means of the decomposition technique of functions of bounded variation together with some results of probability theory and the exact bound of MKZ basis functions. Recently, Zeng (J. Math. Anal. Appl. 219 (1998) 364-376) claimed to improve the results of Guo and Gupta (Approx. Theory Appl. 11 (1995) 106-107), but there is a major mistake in the paper of Zeng. For special case our main theorem gives the correct estimate on the rate of convergence, over the result of Zeng.     

On the effect of perturbation of conditional probabilities in total variation

A celebrated result by A. Ionescu Tulcea provides a construction of a probability measure on a product space given a sequence of regular conditional probabilities. We study how the perturbations of the latter in the total variation metric affect the resulting product probability measure.     

Covariance kernel and the central limit theorem in the total variation distance

We modify and generalize the idea of covariance kernels for Borel probability measures on R^d, and study the relation between the central limit theorem in the total variation distance and the convergence of covariance kernels.