明胶-聚异丙基丙烯酰胺水凝胶的pH、温度敏感性

用明胶(Gel)和N 异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAM)为原料,制备了Gel/聚异丙基丙烯酰胺(PNIPAM)水凝胶;研究了不同含量的水凝胶的温度、pH敏感性。结果表明:温度对水凝胶pH敏感性的影响取决于水凝胶的组成。明胶含量高的水凝胶,其pH敏感性几乎不受温度的影响;当0.500.90时,pH值几乎不影响水凝胶的温敏性。     

海藻酸钠和聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺半互穿网络水凝胶的溶胀动力学研究

以海藻酸钠 (SA)和N 异丙基丙烯酰胺 (NIPAM)为原料 ,制备出具有温度敏感性的半互穿网络水凝胶 (SA PNIPAMsemi IPN) .主要研究了海藻酸钠用量、水介质温度及pH值对该凝胶溶胀速率的影响 .结果表明 ,在PNIPAM最低临界溶解温度 (LCST)以下 ,该凝胶的溶胀速率随着凝胶网络中SA组分的增加而增大 ,且溶胀速率取决于高分子链的松弛速率 ;pH对凝胶溶胀速率的影响与温度有关 ,温度对溶胀速率的影响与pH有关 .     

温敏性聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)/聚氨酯-β-环糊精互穿网络水凝胶的溶胀特性

利用互穿网络（IPN）技术，以温敏性聚（N－异丙基丙烯酰胺）（PNIPAm)、聚氨酯（PUE）以及具有分子包合效应的β－环糊精（β－CD）为原料，采用分步法和同步法制备了新型互穿网络水凝胶。通过对水凝胶溶胀行为的考察，可知水凝胶具有同PNIPAm相似的在低临界溶解温度（LCST）处的相转变行为，且PUE／PNIPAm的组成比，线型PNIPAm分子量以及交联剂用量等因素对IPN水凝胶的溶胀特性与温敏特性有显著的影响。     

多孔聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺水凝胶的制备与缓释性能

以N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPA)、N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)和聚乙二醇(PEG)为原料,以60Co-γ射线为放射源制备了快速响应聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(PNIPA)多孔水凝胶。用红外光谱分析了水凝胶的结构,并测定了水凝胶的溶胀动力学、退溶胀动力学和平衡溶胀率。结果表明,PEG分子仅在聚合交联过程中充当成孔剂,不参与反应,反应后可被除去;水凝胶具有明显的温度敏感性,成孔剂的添加提高了水凝胶的溶胀性能和LCST。选用阿司匹林为模型药物,对水凝胶的药物缓释性能进行了初步研究。     

聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸共聚微凝胶与Tb(Ⅲ)相互作用的研究

聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(PNIPAM)微凝胶是一类具有独特的温度响应性,即具有最低临界溶解温度(LCST)的高分子化合物,由于具有了LCST性能,当PNIPAM微凝胶受热时,在较窄的温度范围内,溶胀于微凝胶内的溶剂被挤出,从而导致微凝胶的粒子尺寸、粒子形态、亲水性、胶体稳定性以及微凝胶分散液的粘度、电泳流动性发生较大改变的现象。     

SiO2-HA/PNIPAm核壳温敏微凝胶的合成及其溶胀性能

以SiO₂纳米颗粒为核,以透明质酸（HA）和聚异丙基丙烯酰胺（PNIPAm）的杂化凝胶（HA/PNIPAm）为壳制备了一系列无机-有机杂化核壳结构单分散微凝胶.该微凝胶具有很好的温度敏感性,其最低临界转变温度（LCST）在34 ℃附近;该微凝胶具有负触变性,且温度高于LCST时负触变性更明显.用动态光散射（DLS）测定了微凝胶颗粒的水动力学粒径随温度的变化关系,实验数据可以用我们早前建立的硬核高分子凝胶分子热力学模型进行关联计算,结果表明只需较少的模型参数就可较好地描述温度响应的核壳结构高分子凝胶的溶胀行为.     

聚（N，N＇-二乙基丙烯酰胺）水凝胶的制备及其溶胀动力学

以N,N’-二乙基丙烯酰胺（DEA）为单体,偶氮二异丁腈（AIBN）为引发剂,分别采用疏水性的1,2-二乙烯苯（DVB）和水溶性的N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺（BIS）为交联剂制备了温度敏感水凝胶聚（N,N’-二乙基丙烯酰胺）（PDEA）。制得的PDEA水凝胶的低临界溶解温度（LCST）在30℃附近,初步讨论了交联剂的用量和性质对水凝胶性能的影响。并对其在不同温度下达到溶胀平衡时的溶胀比,去溶胀动力学及干凝胶的再溶胀动力学过程进行了研究。     

海藻酸钠/聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)半互穿网络水凝胶的制备及性能研究

由海藻酸钠(SA)和聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)(PNIPAAm)制得的半互穿网络水凝胶具有温度及pH敏感特性。在酸性(pH=1.3)和弱碱性条件(pH=7．4)下，研究了温度对该凝胶溶胀度的影响，结果表明，该凝胶溶胀度均随着温度的提高而下降，但在pH=1．3时，溶胀度小于PNIPAAm水凝胶的；在pH=7．4时，结果正好相反。在25℃和37℃的条件下，分别考察pH对该凝胶溶胀度的影响，结果表明，在25℃时该凝胶有良好的pH敏感性，而在37℃时，敏感性不明显。同时也发现该凝胶对pH、温度的脉冲刺激有较快的响应性。     

丝胶基半互穿温敏凝胶的合成及其溶胀行为的研究

采用半互穿网络技术, 将具有生物相容性的丝胶蛋白(silk sericin)作为第二网络进入聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)(PNIPAM)水凝胶网络中, 在水溶液中制备得到具有半互穿网络结构的丝胶基温敏水凝胶(SS/PNIPAM semi-IPNs). 采用称重法研究了产物的(消)溶胀、温度敏感性、最大溶胀度及脉冲响应行为; 利用扫描电镜(SEM), 差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和动态热机械分析仪(DMA)分别考察了产物的内部形态、热相转变行为和其储能模量随温度的变化. 结果表明: 具有较高亲水性的丝胶蛋白的引入增大了semi-IPNs水凝胶的内部孔径, 导致SS/PNIPAM半互穿水凝胶的溶胀度增加, 并且其储能模量随温度变化更明显. 相比于纯PNIPAM水凝胶, 半互穿水凝胶的消溶胀速率和低临界溶解温度(LCST)变化不大.     

温度及pH敏感聚（丙烯酸）／聚（N—异丙基丙烯酰胺）互穿聚合物网络水凝胶的...

合成聚（丙烯酸）／聚（Ｎ－异丙基丙烯酰胺）互穿聚合物网络（ＰＡＡｃ／ＰＮＩＰＡ ＩＰＮ）水凝胶，具有温度及ｐＨ双重敏感特性。这种水凝胶在弱碱性条件下的溶胀率远大于酸性条件下的溶胀率。在酸性条件下，随着温度上升，凝胶的溶胀率也随之逐渐上升；而在弱碱性条件下，温度低于聚（Ｎ－异丙基丙烯酰胺）（ＰＮＩＰＡ）的较低临界溶解温度（ＬＣＳＴ）时，溶胀率也随着温度的上升而上升，而温度达到ＬＣＳＴ时，凝胶的溶胀率     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Copper catalyzed/mediated synthetic methodology for ebselen and related isoselenazolones

Scope of the copper catalyzed/mediated selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been studied for the synthesis of isoselenazolones. It is noticed that the 2-chloro, 2-bromo-, and 2-iodo-aryl amides substrates can be exploited in the selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction by employing 25-100 mol % of CuI/1,10-phenanthroline (L) and potassium carbonate as a base in DMF. Furthermore, electron rich 2-chloro-arylamides also underwent selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction to give biologically important selenium-nitrogen heterocycles. Also, copper-catalyzed selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been meticulously applied for the synthesis of diaryl diselenides having methoxy, amine, and amide functionality from respective aryl iodides in the presence of stoichiometric amount of succinimide as an external Se-N coupling partner.     

Knoevenagel condensation catalyzed by novel Nmm-based ionic liquids in water

A series of novel N-methyl morpholine (Nmm) based ionic liquids with 1,2-propanediol group were synthesized and used as catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation at room temperature in water. Under the effect of the catalyst, various aldehydes or aliphatic ketones could react with a wide range of activated methylene compounds well, including malononitrile, alkyl cyanoacetate, cyanoacetamide, β-diketone, barbituric acid, 2-arylacetonitrile and thiazolidinedione. Furthermore, most of the products could be separated just by filtrating and washing with water. Additionally, the catalyst is recyclable and applicable for the large-scale synthesis.     

Construction of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives via sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction

A series of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives were obtained in moderate to excellent yields via a catalyst-free sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 under mild conditions. We also present the first asymmetric sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 with moderate to good enantioselectivities catalyzed by readily available chiral phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs).     

Suzuki-Miyaura reactions of the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor NS2028: a non-product specific route to C-8 substituted analogues

Both soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitors ODQ 1 and NS2028 2 are synthesized via improved protocols. In the former case treating 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one oxime 8, which can be prepared in two steps from 1,2-benzenediamine, with 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) gives the dihydro-ODQ 10 that in the presence of KMnO₄ oxidises to give ODQ 1 in an overall yield of 46% starting from 1,2-benzenediamine. In the latter case, the synthesis affords NS2028 2 from 2-amino-4-bromophenol 3 in three steps with an overall yield of 85% and avoids the need for chromatography. Furthermore, Suzuki-Miyaura reaction conditions are described that enable the preparation of 8-aryl and 8-heteroaryl derivatives of NS2028 directly from NS2028 2. Finally, demethylation of the 8-(methoxyphenyl) substituted analogues afforded the 8-(hydroxyphenyl) derivatives 40-42. All new products are fully characterised.