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1.
二氧化钛纳米晶光催化材料是近年来发展起来的新型环境友好材料,国内外研究者在利用二氧化钛纳米晶光催化降解苯酚、氯酚、甲醛等污染物方面做了大量的研究工作。研究表明TiO2的3种晶型,锐钛矿型、金红石型和板钛矿型中,有光催化作用的主要是锐钛型和金红石型,其晶型和晶粒大小  相似文献   

2.
TiO2具有很高的光催化活性,同时TiO2纳米粒子具有耐酸碱和耐光化学腐蚀、低成本、无毒等性质,在许多领域引起广泛关注.据报道,TiO2的锐钛矿晶型比金红石晶型具有更好的光催化活性.由于金红石是TiO2的热力学稳定相,而锐钛矿是亚稳相,通常锐钛矿相在550-800℃温度范围内形成金红石相,从而降低其催化活性,限制了其应用.  相似文献   

3.
纳米TiO2混晶的形成及其对光催化性能的影响   总被引:20,自引:4,他引:20  
用溶胶-凝胶法通过改变晶型调节剂2-甲基-2,4戊二醇的添加量制备了金红石相和锐钛矿相比例不同的纳米TiO2混晶.以膨胀珍珠岩为载体,制备珍珠岩负载纳米TiO2混晶催化剂,以X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-visiblespectrum)、BET、Raman光谱等方法对纳米TiO2混晶和负载型纳米TiO2催化剂进行表征和性能测定,研究了催化剂的混晶效应对光催化降解甲基橙催化性能的影响.结果表明:晶型调节剂的含量及制备条件对混晶中金红石和锐钛矿相TiO2的比率有较大的影响.对于负载型纳米TiO2催化剂,混晶比影响催化剂的光催化降解效率,当混晶比为6.1时光催化效率最高,这一结果对光催化剂的制备和应用都具有重要的意义.  相似文献   

4.
以钛酸丁酯和季铵盐改性有机蒙脱石为原料,采用原位水解法和原位脱羟法制备了TiO2/蒙脱石纳米复合物。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱(Raman)表征了不同焙烧温度下TiO2/蒙脱石纳米复合物中TiO2的结构相变,并与不同焙烧温度下纯TiO2的结构相变进行对比。结果发现TiO2/蒙脱石纳米复合物中TiO2从锐钛矿相开始转变为金红石的最低温度要比纯TiO2从锐钛矿开始相转变为金红石的最低温度高200℃,且在焙烧温度1 200℃时还存在锐钛矿相,而纯TiO2在焙烧温度800℃时就全部转换为金红石相。TiO2/蒙脱石纳米复合物中TiO2和纯TiO2的平均晶粒度都随焙烧温度升高而增大,但TiO2/蒙脱石纳米复合物中TiO2的平均晶粒度要小于相同温度下焙烧纯TiO2的平均晶粒度。表明蒙脱石结构层的硅氧结构抑制了TiO2晶型由锐钛矿相向金红石相的转变,进而使相变温度升高,同时阻碍了晶体的生长。  相似文献   

5.
二氧化钛纳米微粒的制备与光催化活性   总被引:32,自引:0,他引:32  
本文采用溶液-凝胶法制备了粒径为10-20nm左右的二氧化钛纳米微粒。用XRD研究了二氧化钛溶胶的热处理过程,研究表明温度在473K-673K左右TiO2向量 粒呈不规整锐钛矿结构,粒径约为10-20nm。在873K左右TiO2微粒出现锐钛矿与金红石型混晶结构。  相似文献   

6.
制备均一形貌的长二氧化钛纳米管   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
在温和的水热条件下,用碱溶液处理不同粒径的锐钛矿相和金红石相二氧化钛 纳米粉体,得到了不同形貌的二氧化钛纳米管,并用TEM,XRD,FT-Raman和BET等 对其进行了表征。金红石相的超细纳米晶有利于形成均一形貌的纳米管,用粒径仅 为7.2 nm的金红石相纳米粉体为前驱体得到了长度为500 nm的长二氧化钛纳米管。 用纳米晶反应活性对晶粒尺寸的依赖性及晶相稳定性解释了长纳米管的形成机理。  相似文献   

7.
低温水热法制备高活性纳米金红石相二氧化钛   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
采用低温水热法由TiC l3溶液直接制备了纳米二氧化钛,并研究了TiC l3溶液浓度、反应温度以及陈化时间对产物晶相、晶化程度、形貌以及尺寸的影响。结果表明:TiC l3溶液浓度对晶相有较大影响,高浓度下易获得混晶,低浓度下得到纯金红石相。反应温度和陈化时间主要影响产物的晶化程度和晶体的形貌、尺寸,对生成的晶相也有一些影响。在给定的反应条件下,获得了形状规整、尺寸约为15×80nm、晶化程度高的金红石相二氧化钛纳米棒。对甲基橙的光催化降解实验表明,这种金红石纳米颗粒的催化活性与市售纳米锐钛矿相二氧化钛相近。  相似文献   

8.
TiO2纳米粒子制备方法对其光催化活性的影响   总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20  
尚静  徐自力等 《分子催化》2001,15(4):282-286
分别用胶溶法、金属醇盐水解法和低温水解法制备了TiO2纳米粒子;采用XRD和BET技术,测试了TiO2粒子的粒径、晶型及表面积。以庚烷的气相光催化氧化为探针反应,考察了不同方法、不同温度处理的TiO2粒子的光催化活性。结果表明,以胶溶法和金属醇盐水解法制备的TiO2粒子,随焙烧温度的增加TiO2粒子长大,晶型由锐钛矿向金红石型转变,光催化活性降低。用低温水解法,可在低温下制得金红石型TiO2粒子,但其催化活性很低。说明由原料和制备方法所决定的TiO2粒子的物理化学性质,影响其光催化行为。锐钛矿型TiO2粒子催化活性较金红石型TiO2好。这是由于前者的表面羟基含量较高且带隙能较大的缘故。  相似文献   

9.
均相水解法制备金红石含量可控的纳米TiO2   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
刘威  陈爱平  林嘉平  戴智明  邱炜  刘伟  朱孟钦  臼田昭司 《化学学报》2004,62(12):1148-1152,MJ04
用均相水解法通过调节对甲苯磺酸的添加量制备了金红石含量线性可控的纳米TiO2粒子,相同条件下,没有加入对甲苯磺酸时,制备的TiO02颗粒为纯锐钛矿晶型.制备的纳米TiO2颗粒,其单晶尺寸为19.5mm(金红石),13.5mm(锐钛矿),比表面积72.7m^2/g,通过公式计算得到了制备的TiO2纳米颗粒带隙能为2.83eV,比P25和纯锐钛矿纳米TiO2颗粒的带隙能均低.  相似文献   

10.
制备均一形貌的长二氧化钛纳米管   总被引:24,自引:0,他引:24  
张青红  高濂  郑珊  孙静 《化学学报》2002,60(8):1439-1444
在温和的水热条件下,用碱溶液处理不同粒径的锐钛矿相和金红石相二氧化钛 纳米粉体,得到了不同形貌的二氧化钛纳米管,并用TEM,XRD,FT-Raman和BET等 对其进行了表征。金红石相的超细纳米晶有利于形成均一形貌的纳米管,用粒径仅 为7.2 nm的金红石相纳米粉体为前驱体得到了长度为500 nm的长二氧化钛纳米管。 用纳米晶反应活性对晶粒尺寸的依赖性及晶相稳定性解释了长纳米管的形成机理。  相似文献   

11.
The interaction of scheelite with ammonium bifluoride was studied. It was shown that sheelite reacts with NH4HF2 at room temperature, in contrast with tungstic oxide and other tungsten compounds. Two complexes are formed (NH4)3WO3F3 and the previously unknown (NH4)2WO3F2. The compounds obtained were fluorinated to (NH4)3WO2F5 (endothermic peaks at 170° and 90°C, respectively).Cubic monocrystals of (NH4)3WO2F5 were obtained. The cubic form is unstable and underwent a lattice transformation at room temperature to the more stable tetragonal form, which was transformed reversibly into the cubic form at 140°C. The thermal decomposition of (NH4)2WO3F2 was studied.
Zusammenfassung Es wird die Wechselwirkung von Scheelit und Ammoniumhydrogenfluorid untersucht. Im Gegensatz zu Wolframoxid und anderen Wolframverbindungen geht Scheelit mit Ammoniumhydrogenfluorid bei Raumtemperatur eine chemische Reaktion ein, wobei zwei verschiedene Komplexe gebildet werden: (NH4)WO3F3 und der bisher unbekannte Komplex (NH4)2WO3F2. Die erhaltenen Verbindungen werden zu (NH4)3WO2F5 fluoriert (endotherme Peaks bei 170° bzw. 90°C).Man erhält die kubischen Einkristalle (NH4)3WO2F5. Die unstabile kubische Form wandelte sich bei Raumtemperatur in die stabilere tetragonale Form um, die bei 140°C reversibel wieder in die kubische Form überführt werden kann.Es wird weiterhin die thermische Zersetzung von (NH4)2WO3F2. untersucht.
  相似文献   

12.
The compounds (NH4)3[Ta(O2)4], K3[Ta(O2)4], Rb3[Ta(O2)4] and Cs3[Ta(O2)4] have been prepared and investigated by X-ray powder methods as well as Raman- and IR-spectroscopy. In the case of Rb3[Ta(O2)4] the structure has been solved from single crystal data. It is shown that all these compounds are isotypic and crystallize in the K3[Cr(O2)4] type (SG , No. 121). The infrared- and Raman spectra (recorded on powdered samples) are discussed with respect to the internal vibrations of the peroxo-group and the dodecahedral [Ta(O2)4]3− ion. Symmetry coordinates for the [Ta(O2)4]3− ion are given from which the vibrational modes of the O-O stretching vibrations of the O22− groups, the Ta-O stretching vibrations and the Ta-O bending vibrations are deduced.  相似文献   

13.
Summary The atomic arrangements within the structures of NH4Ag2(AsS2)3 [a=9.557(2),b=7.414(2),c=16.29(1) Å; =91.30(5)°; space group P21/n;R(F)=0.042] and (NH4)5Ag16(AsS4)7 [a=64.49(6),b=6.471(2),c=12.806(4) Å; =95.47(5)°; space group Cc;R(F)=0.073] were determined from single crystal X-ray data. In these two compounds the coordination spheres of the Ag atoms are quite different. In NH4Ag2(AsS2)3, the Ag atoms exhibit a [2+2]- and a [3+1]-coordination to S atoms up to 3.3 Å and with Ag atom neighbours at 2.93 Å and 3.05 Å respectively. In (NH4)5Ag16(AsS4)7, the Ag atoms are — with one exception- [4] coordinated (Ag-S<3.3 Å) and the distances to further Ag atom neighbours are greater than 3.1 Å. NH4Ag2(AsS2)3 represents an ordered cyclo-thioarsenate(III) with three-membered As3S6 rings, (NH4)5Ag16(AsS4)7 a neso-thioarsenate(V) with two split Ag atom positions. Both compounds were synthesized under moderate hydrothermal conditions.
Synthesen und Kristallstrukturen von NH4Ag2(AsS2)3 und (NH4)5Ag16(AsS4)7 mit einer Diskussion über (NH4)Sx Polyeder
Zusammenfassung Die Atomanordnungen in den Strukturen von NH4Ag2(AsS2)3 [a=9.557(2),b=7.414(2),c=16.29(1) Å; =91.30(5)°; Raumgruppe P21/n;R(F)=0.042] und (NH4)5Ag16(AsS4)7 [a=64.49(6),b=6.471(2),c=12.806(4) Å; =95.47(5)°; Raumgruppe Cc;R(F)=0.073] wurden anhand von röntgenographischen Einkristalldaten bestimmt. In diesen beiden Verbindungen sind die Koordinationsverhältnisse um die Ag-Atome sehr unterschiedlich. In NH4Ag2(AsS2)3 besitzen die Ag-Atome bis 3.3 Å eine [2+2]- und [3+1]-Koordination durch S-Atome mit weiteren Ag-Atomen bei 2.93 Å und 3.05 Å. In (NH4)5Ag16(AsS4)7 sind die Ag-Atome mit einer Ausnahme [4]-koordiniert (Ag-S < 3.3 Å), und die Abstände zu weiteren Ag-Atomen sind größer als 3.1 Å. NH4Ag2(AsS2)3 stellt ein geordnetes Cyclothioarsenat(III) mit dreigliedrigen As3S6-Ringen dar, (NH4)5Ag16(AsS4)7 ein Nesothioarsenat (V) mit zwei aufgespaltenen Ag-Positionen. Beide Verbindungen wurden unter mäßigen Hydrothermalbedingungen synthetisiert.
  相似文献   

14.
The structures of the oxyorthogermanate La2(GeO4)O and the apatite-structured La9.33(GeO4)6O2 have been refined from powder neutron diffraction data. La2(GeO4)O crystallizes in a monoclinic unit cell (P21/c) and is cation stoichiometric in contrast to previous reports. La9.33(GeO4)6O2 crystallizes in a hexagonal unit cell (P63/m) and the powder diffraction data show anisotropic peak broadening that is observed in electron diffraction patterns as incommensurate diffuse spots at hkq reciprocal planes (with q=1.6-1.7) and can be attributed to a correlated disorder in the “apatite channels”. This compound was doped up to a nominal composition close to M2La8(GeO4)6O2 with M=Ca, Sr, Ba. The dopant ions preferentially occupy the 4f sites as the number of La vacancies decreases. The measured ionic conductivity of La9.33(GeO4)6O2 is about 3 orders of magnitude larger than for La2(GeO4)O at high temperatures and decreases with increasing dopant content from the highest value of about 0.16 S cm−1 at 1160 K.  相似文献   

15.
The dehydration of Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O was examined with simultaneous DTA and TG. This dehydration permitted clearly the apparation of the following phases: Ca(H2PO4)2·0.5H2O, Ca(H2PO4)2, Ca3(HP2O7)2, Ca2HP3O10 et Ca(PO3)2. The reaction of Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O and CaSO4 was also examined with the same technics. It was found that the decomposition of CaSO4 takes place for relatively low temperature (between 600°C and 800°C).  相似文献   

16.
The incorporation mechanism of Cs+ ions from CsNO3 into NH4Zr2(PO4)3 was studied on a mixture of CsNO3 and NH4Zr2(PO4)3 by powder X-ray diffraction analysis and by monitoring off-gases released from the mixture upon heating with a thermogravimetry analyzer connected to an infrared spectrometer. With increasing temperature, the decomposition of CsNO3 first started, followed by the conversion of NH4Zr2(PO4)3 to HZr2(PO4)3 with the release of NH3. At around 500°C, the Cs Zr2(PO4)3 phase started to appear as a result of the H+/Cs+ ion exchange. No Cs+ ion loss was observed at thermal treatment temperatures of 900°C and lower.  相似文献   

17.
用液相反应-前驱物烧结法制备了Cr2(WO4)3和Cr2(MoO4)3粉体。298~1 073 K的原位粉末X射线衍射数据表明Cr2(WO4)3和Cr2(MoO4)3的晶胞体积随温度的升高而增大, 本征线热膨胀系数分别为(1.274±0.003)×10-6 K-1和(1.612±0.003)×10-6 K-1。用热膨胀仪研究了Cr2(WO4)3和Cr2(MoO4)3在静态空气中298~1 073 K范围内热膨胀行为,即开始表现为正热膨胀,随后在相转变点达到最大值,最后表现为负热膨胀,其负热膨胀系数分别为(-7.033±0.014)×10-6 K-1和(-9.282±0.019)×10-6 K-1。  相似文献   

18.
Interaction energies between two similar plane parallel double layers for (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2 or (NH4)2Cu(SO4)2 type complex salt electrolytes at positive surface potential were expanded in a power series and accurate numeral results were given for 0.1 ≤ y e  < y 0 ≤ 20. The general expressions were given for the interaction energies of A ν +B ν′ +Cν? type complex salt electrolytes at y > 0. The interaction energies for simple salts NaCl, CaCl2, Na2SO4, FeCl3, Na3PO4, Mg3(PO4)2, Al2(SO4)3, and complex salts (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2 or (NH4)2Cu(SO4)2 at y 0 = 1 were compared. There was hardly difference between these simple salts and this complex salt for the interaction energies. The interaction energy for complex salt (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2 was close to that for simple salt Na3PO4.

Supplemental files are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of the Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology to view the free supplemental file.  相似文献   

19.
《Analytical letters》2012,45(5):981-999
Abstract

Problems encountered in the determination of uranium in rubidium uranium sulphate (Rb2U(SO4)3) employing isotope dilution thermal ionisation mass spectrometry (ID-TIMS) are discussed. The positive bias of 0.2 to 0.3% in the determination of uranium in Rb2U(SO4)3 by ID-TIMS with respect to the stoichiometric composition has been resolved by modifying the chemical exchange procedures. The concentration of uranium in Rb2U(SO4)3 could be determined with an accuracy better than 0.1% employing the HClO4 treatment for proper isotopic exchange between the spike and sample isotopes.  相似文献   

20.
We have studied the thermal behaviour under atmospheric pressure of isotypic tetrahydrate cyclotriphosphates MII(NH4)4(P3O9)2x4H2O (M II=Cu, Ni and Co), between 25 and 1400°C, by X-ray diffraction, thermal analyses (TG and DTA) and infrared spectrometry. This study shows that the series of the compounds MII(NH4)4(P3O9)2x4H2O (M II=Cu, Ni and Co) after elimination of water, in two different stages, and ammonia leads, at 400°C to cyclotetraphosphate M2 IIP4O12 crystallized and to a thermal residue with a formula H4P4O12 which undergoes under a thermal degradation by evolving water and pentoxide phosphorus. The kinetic characteristics of the dehydration and elimination of ammonia have been determinated. The vibrational spectra of Cu(NH4)4(P3O9)2x4H2O were examined and interpreted, in the domain of the valency frequencies, on the basis of the crystalline structure of its isotypic compound Co(NH4)4(P3O9)2x4H2O whose cycle has the site symmetry C1, of our results of the calculation of the IR frequencies and the successive isotopic substitutions of the equivalent atoms (3P, 3Oi and 6Oe belonging to the P3Oi3Oe6 ring) of the P3O9 3− cycle with high symmetry D3h. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

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