胶晶模板法制备3DOM尖晶石型LiMn2O4及表征

通过乳液聚合获得粒径为280 nm左右的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)微球, 从其母液中离心沉降制得胶晶模板. 将LiNO3, Mn(Ac)2·4H2O和柠檬酸按摩尔比1∶2∶2配成前驱物的醇水混合溶液, 填充于PMMA胶晶模板间隙中, 经干燥和焙烧氧化成孔制得了三维有序大孔(3DOM)锂锰氧化物. 实验结果表明, 当n(Li)/n(Mn)=0.6, 前驱液浓度在0.6~1.0 mol/L之间和升温速率为2 ℃/min时, 分别在300与600 ℃下两段恒温焙烧2~3 h有利于目标产物的形成. SEM测试结果表明, PMMA胶晶模板和3DOM锂锰氧化物均为面心立方紧密堆积, 排列规则有序, 大孔直径在200~240 nm之间, 孔壁厚度在30~45 nm之间. 产物经XRD晶相测定和EDTA, KMnO4滴定分析确证为正尖晶石型LiMn2O4.     

碱液回流老化制备高表面积二氧化锆

 回流老化由ZrOCl2水解得到的ZrO（OH）2水凝胶，然后经焙烧制\r\n备了高比表面积的ZrO2．采用氮吸附、X射线衍射和FT－Raman光谱等技\r\n术，研究了老化温度、老化时间、碱液的碱度和搅拌速度以及焙烧气氛\r\n对ZrO2比表面积、晶相组成和晶粒大小的影响．结果表明，回流老化可\r\n明显提高ZrO2的比表面积和耐热性．用比色法分析了样品中Si4＋杂质\r\n的含量，结果表明，回流老化引起二氧化锆比表面积和热稳定性增大的\r\n主要原因是热碱溶液使玻璃容器中的Si4＋溶解并掺杂至ZrO2．样品中\r\nSi4＋杂质含量愈大，ZrO2的比表面积和热稳定性愈高，ZrO2的晶粒愈\r\n小．将ZrO（OH）2水凝胶在pH＝11．5的NH4OH溶液中于96℃回流老化2\r\n4h，再经600℃焙烧可获得比表面积高达305m2／g的无定形ZrO2；经80\r\n0℃焙烧可制得晶粒为5．2nm，比表面积为174m2／g的四方晶相ZrO2．     

中孔分子筛HMS负载钴催化剂在费-托合成中的应用:载体HMS的孔径对钴基催化剂性能的影响

 用不同链长度的十二胺，十四胺，十六胺和十八胺等伯胺为模板\r\n剂合成了具有不同孔径大小的HMS中孔分子筛．XRD和低温氮吸附测定表\r\n明，HMS具有典型的中孔分子筛特征，且其孔径大小随HMS合成中所用模\r\n板剂链长度的增加而增加．以HMS为载体，采用孔体积浸渍法制备了负\r\n载量为7．5％的钴催化剂，在接近工业试验条件下（n（H2）／n（CO）\r\n＝2．1，GHSV＝500h－1，p＝2．0MPa，θ＝227℃）考察了载体孔径大\r\n小对费－托合成反应性能的影响．结果表明，与常规的SiO2载体相比，\r\nHMS负载钴催化剂具有更高的催化活性和C5＋选择性；而且，CO转化率\r\n，C5＋选择性及产物中的蜡油比均随着HMS载体孔径的增大而升高．以\r\n7．5％Co／HMS－18为催化剂，CO转化率为78．0％，C5＋选择性为80．\r\n8％，蜡油比为11．1．     

Ni含量及预硫化对NiW/γ-Al2O3催化剂上噻吩加氢脱硫反应活性的影响

 采用连续流动微反装置考察了活性组分Ni／（Ni＋W）原子比及\r\n预硫化条件对NiW／γ－Al2O3催化剂噻吩加氢脱硫（HDS）反应活性的\r\n影响．用X射线光电子能谱和电镜微区元素分析方法对硫化态催化剂进\r\n行了表征．结果表明，催化剂的组成、硫化方法、硫化度和反应条件等\r\n都能影响NiW／γ－Al2O3催化剂的HDS反应活性．对于在较低温度（30\r\n0℃）下硫化的催化剂，当反应温度较低（260～290℃）时，最佳Ni／\r\n（Ni＋W）原子比为0．50，而当反应温度较高（330～360℃）时，最佳\r\nNi／（Ni＋W）原子比为0．23．当催化剂在300～450℃下硫化时，其噻\r\n吩HDS反应活性随硫化温度升高而增大，表明硫化度较高的催化剂具有\r\n较高的HDS反应活性．     

正丁烷氧化制顺酐流化床催化剂的性能

 考察了前驱体制备过程中水合肼／五氧化二钒摩尔比（以下简记\r\n为n（N2H4）／n（V2O5））对催化剂性能的影响．由较高的n（N2H4）\r\n／n（V2O5）比制得的催化剂，其（VO）2P2O7相含量较多，正丁烷转化\r\n率较高．随着n（N2H4）／n（V2O5）比的减小，δ－VOPO4相的含量逐\r\n渐增多，正丁烷转化率随之升高；而顺酐选择性开始时升高，达到最大\r\n值后逐渐降低．在n（N2H4）／n（V2O5）＝0．34时制备的催化剂最佳\r\n，在丁烷浓度为4．0％、空速为500h－1及反应温度为420℃的反应条件\r\n下，顺酐收率可达49．74％．本文中细粒床催化剂有较大的操作弹性．     

异戊二烯催化脱氢环氧化的研究

 合成了钼－乙酰丙酮配合物，并进行了表征，确定了其组成为M\r\noO2（acac）2．以MoO2（acac）2为催化剂，以过氧化氢为氧化剂，对\r\n异戊二烯一步脱氢环氧化制3－甲基呋喃反应进行了研究．考察了反应\r\n条件（催化剂用量、反应底物之比、温度、时间、溶剂和助剂等）对该\r\n反应的影响．结果表明，在n（cat）∶n（CH2∶C（CH3）CH∶CH2）∶\r\nn（H2O2）＝1∶100∶100，θ＝40℃，t＝6h的反应条件下，异戊二烯\r\n转化率为70．8％，3－甲基呋喃选择性为54．8％．提出了异戊二烯脱\r\n氢环氧化可能的反应机理．     

胶体模板法制备有序大孔TiO2材料

以单分散的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)微球为胶体模板, 采用钛酸丁酯、水、乙醇、盐酸等配成的混合溶胶填充在微球间间隙, 经水解形成凝胶, 然后通过程序升温焙烧去掉单分散的PMMA微球, 可得有序TiO₂大孔材料. 实验结果表明, 溶胶的配比为V(钛酸丁酯)∶V(水)∶V(乙醇)∶V(盐酸)＝5∶2∶3∶1, 在空气中凝胶20 h. 去掉单分散的PMMA微球的程序升温控制的条件为1 ℃/min的升温速率升到250 ℃恒定3 h, 再以2 ℃/min的升温速率升到450 ℃恒定8 h, 最后以10 ℃/min的降温速率降到室温.     

四乙基溴化铵-氟化物复合模板剂合成β沸石 Ⅲ.结晶动力学及其影响因素

 考察了用四乙基溴化铵－氟化钠复合模板剂合成β沸石的结晶动\r\n力学．结果表明：其晶化曲线为典型的S形曲线；成核活化能En＝65．\r\n79kJ／mol，生长活化能Ec＝91．49kJ／mol；与单纯的四乙基溴化铵模\r\n板剂体系相比，本体系成核诱导期较短，生长速率较快；n（NaF）／n\r\n（SiO2）值增大时，晶化诱导期缩短，成核速率加快，但氟化钠量过高\r\n时，成核速率反而降低，n（NaF）／n（SiO2）最佳值为0．10～0．17\r\n；较高的OH－／SiO2比有利于缩短晶化诱导期．     

HY沸石上2,6-二叔丁基萘的择形合成

 研究了脱铝HY沸石（n（Si）／n（Al）＝3．8）上萘（naph）的\r\n选择性叔丁基化反应．结果表明，八面沸石对该反应过程有较好的择形\r\n催化作用，两种异构化产物（2，6－二叔丁基萘和2，7－二叔丁基萘）\r\n之间存在着热力学平衡，即两种异构化产物可在酸性中心位上相互转化\r\n．在以叔丁醇为烷基化试剂，WHSV＝2h－1，n（t－BuOH）／n（naph）\r\n＝3，反应温度为120℃的反应条件下，萘的转化率可达98．43％，β－\r\n位选择性可高达100％，二叔丁基萘收率可达74．34％，2，6－二叔丁\r\n基萘／2，7－二叔丁基萘质量比为6．24．     

胶体模板法制备有序大孔TiO2材料

以单分散的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)微球为胶体模板, 采用钛酸丁酯、水、乙醇、盐酸等配成的混合溶胶填充在微球间间隙, 经水解形成凝胶, 然后通过程序升温焙烧去掉单分散的PMMA微球, 可得有序TiO₂大孔材料. 实验结果表明, 溶胶的配比为V(钛酸丁酯)∶V(水)∶V(乙醇)∶V(盐酸)＝5∶2∶3∶1, 在空气中凝胶20 h. 去掉单分散的PMMA微球的程序升温控制的条件为1 ℃/min的升温速率升到250 ℃恒定3 h, 再以2 ℃/min的升温速率升到450 ℃恒定8 h, 最后以10 ℃/min的降温速率降到室温.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.