铁电畴反转机理的研究

从铁电畴极化反转的动力学出发,针对铁电畴反转过程中的新畴成核和畴壁运动两个过程,对用外加极化电场实现铁电畴反转的机理进行了理论分析研究,并就低电场和高电场两种条件下的开关时间进行了实验验证.结果表明,实验值与模型计算值吻合较好.     

电磁波在含各向异性材料和磁光材料一维光子晶体中的传输

为研究在含各向异性材料和磁光材料一维光子晶体电磁波传输极化态的变化,把磁光材料作为缺陷层,设计一维光子晶体。利用4×4传输矩阵算法,计算该结构的传输谱。发现在特定的共振波长,输入线性极化电磁波同样输出线性极化电磁波,但输出极化的方向与输入极化方向不同。输出极化的方向决定于输入极化方向,既可以随输入极化同方向变化,也可以反方向变化。研究结果为实现光控制光提供了新的手段。     

外加电场法制备周期极化铌酸锂的重要结构参数的数值分析

外加电场法制备周期极化铌酸锂工艺的众多结构参数对极化进程有潜在的影响.本文采用数值方法系统的分析了周期极化的重要结构参数的影响,这些参数包括绝缘层介电常数、绝缘层厚度、电极宽度、外加电压幅度和光栅周期.证明了对极化进程影响最为显著的是电极宽度、外加电压幅度和光栅周期,它们应该是设计极化结构时需要考虑的主要参数.相对的,绝缘层介电常数、绝缘层厚度对极化进程的影响在一定条件下可以忽略.本文由此推论了一种简洁合理的极化结构设计步骤.另外,本文得到了光栅周期与最优电极宽度的二次拟合公式,它为设计提供了依据,降低了复杂程度.     

基于石墨烯超材料的极化控制开关

为设计可调控的光开关, 本文设计了基于石墨烯的超材料和一维光子晶体的复合结构,应用传输矩阵法研究它的传输特性.石墨烯超材料的吸收和各向异性的特性导致结构的传输对电场极化方向特别敏感.通过电场极化方向的旋转,可以动态调节电磁波的透射和吸收,也可以实现电磁波从全透射到全反射或者全吸收的完全转化.     

短程有序双周期非线性光子晶体中宽带级联三次谐波产生的研究

从理论和数值模拟上分析了一种一维短程有序双周期铁电畴结构中宽带级联三次谐波的产生过程.这种短程有序结构是由一系列一定长度的双周期极化铁电畴结构和任意长度的单畴结构交替构成.研究了结构参数对级联三次谐波产生过程中频谱带宽和转换效率的影响.结果表明,通过控制双周期极化结构段的长度可以实现级联频率转换过程中带宽的调节,而级联三次谐波的转换效率可以通过增加谐波和晶体的作用长度来实现.     

准同型相界组分PMNT弛豫铁电单晶的畴结构与极化特性

采用坩埚下降法生长了具有准同型相界(MPB)组分的65Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-35PbTiO3 (PMNT65/35)弛豫铁电单晶.用偏光显微镜研究了(001)、(110)和(111)三个结晶学取向的铁电畴结构,观察到明暗交替的变化.通过对极化前后电畴形状的比较,分析了极化前后铁电畴形态的变化原因.晶片极化条件为:600 V/mm 的电场并保持10～15 min.研究了极化介质不同对极化后晶片压电性能的影响.     

A位复合铁电陶瓷BNT-BKT-BiCoO3的介电特性

采用传统陶瓷制备工艺,制备了一种A位复合铁电陶瓷(1-x-y)BNT-xBKT-yBiCoO3,并研究了该体系陶瓷的介电性能与成分的关系以及介电性能随频率的变化规律.结果表明:所研究的组成极化后的介电常数低于极化前.极化前的介电常数和介电损耗随BiCoO3含量的增加而下降,极化前和极化后的介电常数和介电损耗都随BKT含量的增加而增加.介电常数随频率增加而降低,但降低趋势随频率增加而减慢.随BiCoO3含量的增加,在低频陶瓷介电损耗随频率的增加先降低后增加.     

硅基外延SrRuO3/PbZr0.5Ti0.5O3/SrRuO3电容器的结构和性能研究

传统的方法很难直接在硅衬底上制备外延的氧化物铁电电容器,本实验采用生长在硅衬底上的外延SrTiO3为模板,直接生长了SrRuO3/PbZr0.5Ti0.5O3/SrRuO3电容器异质结,并对其结构及性能进行了研究.X射线衍射表明所制备的SrRuO3/PbZr0.5Ti0.5O3/SrRuO3异质结实现了在硅衬底上的外延生长.在5V测试电压下,铁电电容器的剩余极化强度和矫顽电压分别为19.6μC/cm2和0.8V.当极化翻转次数达到1010时,铁电电容器的极化强度没有明显的衰减,表明SrRuO3/PbZr0.5Ti0.5O3/SrRuO3电容器具有良好的抗疲劳性能.     

PT含量对压电单晶声子晶体SH波传输特性的影响

采用全局矩阵方法研究了水平剪切波(SH)在含[001].方向极化的PMN-xPT单晶/聚合物声子晶体复合材料中的传输特性.研究结果表明,PT含量对极化前声子晶体中SH波传输透射谱的影响较大;而极化后,SH波透过谱因PT含量不同导致第一禁带宽度最大相差10;,远小于极化方向对带隙的影响.因此制备PMN-xPT单晶/聚合物声子晶体,应主要从材料的极化方向和性能稳定两个维度选用单晶材料.     

掺钼铌酸锂晶体的光折变性能研究

生长了掺入不同浓度六价钼元素的铌酸锂晶体(LN∶Mo),并研究了它们在351 nm、488 nm、532 nm和671 nm处的光折变性能.实验结果表明0.5mol;为最佳掺杂量,此时LN∶Mo在各波段具有最快的响应速度和较好的饱和衍射效率.增加极化电流可以提高光折变性能,尤其当极化电流为145 mA时,掺杂量为0.5mol;的LN∶Mo晶体紫外光折变响应时间缩短至0.35 s.这些优异的全息存储性能归因于Mo6+占据了正常的Nb位.LN∶Mo晶体是实现全色全息存储的潜力材料.     

快速响应高压电源在KTP晶体极化反转中的应用研究

分析了KTP晶体电导率的特性,设计与研制出一种新型的高压脉冲放大器,可将任意信号发生器产生的信号线性放大,响应速度快,最高输出电压为4000V,最大输出电流为30mA,功率可达100W.用其在KTP晶体上进行多次极化反转实验,取得良好的实验结果.     

Second harmonic generation optimization in thermally poled borophosphate glasses and characterization by XANES and XPS

Second harmonic generation (SHG) in poled glasses opens new opportunities in material research and device development for optics. SHG results that relate to thermally poled new borophosphate glasses have been analyzed. By a cycling poling–depoling process an optimization of the SHG response can be obtained. As the signal is localized near the surfaces in contact with the electrodes during poling, XPS and X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) spectroscopies have been performed to characterize cathodic and anodic surfaces of these glasses before poling, and after poling or depoling treatments. Structural differences are observed by XANES at the O K-edge after poling on both surfaces. Moreover, an accumulation of Na⁺ mobile cations is evidenced on the cathodic surface by XPS spectroscopy confirming the migration of Na⁺ mobile cations after the glass has been submitted to high dc field. Finally, the XPS and XANES investigations of poled glasses evidences some breakage of phosphate chains in the glass network which occur during the poling treatment. Conversely, bridging bonds are partly restored after thermal depoling.     

周期极化的电极结构及相关工艺缺陷的电场分析

本文采用有限元方法分析外加电场法对铁电体进行周期极化时的电场分布,讨论尖端效应对极化的影响,比较两种不同的电极设计方案-梳形电极和框形电极的优劣.分析了多周期光栅同时极化时的电场分布,推断了大周期与小周期之间存在的竞争现象.本文最后对光刻造成周期电极的断条、毛刺工艺缺陷和液体电极方案的残留气泡缺陷进行了探讨.数值计算得出的结论比较圆满地解释了实验中的许多现象.     

极化方法对PZT-4压电陶瓷性能的影响

Pb(Zr_1-xTi_x)O₃ (PZT)由于具有优异的综合性能而成为应用最广泛的压电陶瓷。之前研究工作证明了与直流极化(DCP)和交流极化(ACP)相比,采用交流极化和直流极化相结合的方法能进一步提高弛豫铁电单晶材料的压电性能。本工作报道了直流极化、交流极化和交流极化+直流极化后PZT-4压电陶瓷的介电性能和压电性能,探究了直流极化、交流极化和交流极化+直流极化的最佳极化条件。在最佳交流极化+直流极化条件下, PZT-4 压电陶瓷的压电常数(d₃₃)为350 pC/N,相比直流极化(305 pC/N)、交流极化(320 pC/N)分别提高了15%和9%。交流极化后的PZT-4陶瓷样品的应变值(0.08%)高于进行直流极化样品的(应变值0.05%),表明交流极化可以有效提高PZT-4陶瓷的应变值,但是交流极化后应变曲线的滞后增大不利于器件应用,交流极化对硬性压电陶瓷的影响还需要进一步探讨。     

Implementation of Temperature-Controlled Method of Protein Crystallization in Microgravity

An experimental scientific equipment for implementing temperature-controlled protein crystallization in capillaries under microgravity has been developed, fabricated, and tested. This crystallization method, providing on-line separate control of crystal growth both in the stage of nucleation of crystals and during their further growth, requires small amounts of protein solution. The equipment has been tested on board of Foton-M4 spacecraft (growth of lysozyme protein crystals of high structural quality in microgravity) using a cyclogram developed in ground-based experiments. The results obtained have demonstrated efficiency and importance of the developed equipment and method for growing biomacromolecular crystals of high-structural quality.

     

Enhancement of optical birefringence in tellurite glasses containing silver nanoparticles induced via thermal poling

Wavelength-selective enhancement of optical birefringence has been observed in a tellurite glass containing silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) induced via thermal poling. The birefringence appears as an optical rotation of linearly polarized light; a large optical rotation is observed at around the wavelength of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of Ag NPs. The optic axis is oriented along the electric field applied during the thermal poling, suggesting that birefringence induced in the glass matrix through the thermal poling is drastically enhanced by the NPs at around the LSPR. Because of the birefringence of the matrix, the wavelength of LSPR shifts depending on the polarization state of the incident light, which in turn induces the polarization dependence of the real part of the refractive index via the Kramers–Kronig relation.     

Second-order nonlinearities of lead borate glasses poled with different electrodes

The second-order nonlinearities in thermally poled lead borate glasses were studied. After poling with different electrodes, both bulk and near surface second-order nonlinearities were obtained. The second harmonic generation signal from near surface effect was two orders of magnitude larger than the bulk effect. By simulating the poling process with a multiple carrier model, we concluded that the bulk second-order nonlinearity was caused by the deficiency of Pb²⁺ in a thick layer after poling, and the near surface second-order nonlinearity was caused by the depletion of H⁺ in a thin layer when H⁺ injection from the atmosphere was blocked.     

Dielectric Properties of Diphasic Composites of BaTiO3 and LiFe5O8

A composite material has been prepared by sintering a mixture of a piezoelectric BaTiO₃ and a piezomagnetic ferrite phase. The two-phase nature of the composite has been characterised by X-ray analysis. The electrical resistivity and dielectric properties of the composite material are studied as a function of the volume fraction of the components. The effect of poling on the dielectric constant is also discussed.     

直拉法单晶炉随动式加热器设计

单晶炉是一种在以高纯氩气为主的惰性气体环境中,用石墨热场加热,将多晶硅材料加以熔化,用直拉法生长单晶硅的设备,在太阳能单晶硅拉制的过程中,如何提高拉晶的速度和质量以及降低设备的能耗一直是单晶硅厂家永恒的追求。本文从机械结构的角度分析了坩埚上升在单晶炉拉晶过程中所造成的拉晶速度下降和额外能耗问题,在此问题的基础上提出了一种加热器随坩埚在拉晶过程中上升的单晶炉结构优化方法,并通过有限元仿真对单晶炉优化前后晶体和熔体的热场以及拉晶过程中加热器功率进行分析。结果表明,改进后的单晶炉不仅可以提高拉晶过程的稳定性和拉晶速度,从而进一步提高单晶炉的拉晶质量和产量,而且还能有效降低单晶炉拉晶的能耗。