共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
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三烷基氧膦是用于高放废液处理的萃取剂,本文试验了在辐照剂量为1×10^4Gy-1×10^6Gy时TRPO损失率。结果表明,100%(V/V)TRPO在λ辐照剂量10^4Gy-10^6Gy变化时,辐解损失率为1.2%-1.6%;30%(V/V)TRPO-煤油在辐照剂量10^4Gy-10^5Gy时,辐解损失率基本不变(0.33%-0.34%),而在1×10^6Gy时增加到0.77%。均低于磷酸三丁酯的 相似文献
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CW-COIL激光辐射锗-硫化铅探测器的实验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文叙述了锗-硫化铅(Ge-PbS)探测器的基本特性。分析了激光辐射锗滤光片使用材料升温的穿透深度随时间的变化。在光斑面积2.46mm×3.69mm和辐照时间0.8s的条件下,得到连续氧碘激光(CW-COIL)辐照锗滤光片的烧蚀阈值为124W和破裂阈值为177W的实验数据。在此基础上,进行了CW-COIL辐照Ge-PbS探测器的热效应研究,在光斑直径2.1mm和辐照时间0.8s的条件下,给出CW-COIL使Ge-PbS探测器致盲的阈值为17W、永久失效的阈值为198W的实验结果。研究结果表明:CW-COIL辐照Ge-PbS探测器的破坏机理是激光加热和热应力联合作用的结果。锗滤光片升温,造成硫化铅探测器环境温度升高,导致其探测灵敏度下降为零是CW-COIL辐照Ge-PbS探测器产生致盲的原因。激光辐照功率越高,Ge-PbS探测器致盲、恢复时间就越长,甚至造成永久性的失效。 相似文献
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D2EHPA萃取稀土的有机相红外光谱及添加DMHPA的影响 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
本文研究了部分皂化的二(2-乙基己基)磷酸(D2EHPA)-正庚烷体系萃取稀土离子Y^3+,Pr^3+,Nd^3+,Eu^3+后有机的傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)。发现不同稀土离子与萃取剂的配位能力有差异,并且皂化度对萃取有机相中的P=O谱带的频率和吸收强度皆有影响,在D2EHPA中加入二(1-甲基庚基)磷酸(DMHPA)导致P=O谱带形状和吸收强度发生变化。 相似文献
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完成了640—1040℃温度范围内钨酸铅[PbWO4(PWO)]晶体的退火实验,观察到较低温退火时晶体中本征色心吸收带(350nm)先是增加,其后随退火温度的升高而逐渐降低直至消除的全过程.分析了PWO晶体的本征缺陷和电荷补偿机制.讨论了退火过程中氧进入晶体后色心的产生和转化规律,并提出可能发生Pb3+→Pb4+的进一步氧化过程,从而导致Pb3+空穴中心的湮没.测量并比较了不同退火温度处理后PWO晶体的紫外辐照诱导色心吸收谱.观察到导致辐照损伤的O-空穴中心主要来自晶体中固有的Pb3+空穴中心向O-空穴中心的转化;同时晶体中氧空位作为电子陷阱对O-空穴中心有稳定作用.当上述两项因素得以消除,晶体辐照硬度随之提高.实验表明,在含氧气氛中高温退火可以有效地改进PWO晶体的抗辐照损伤能力.铁杂质对PWO的抗辐照能力十分有害 相似文献
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P538萃取锰(Ⅱ)的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在25±0.5℃,用P538的环己烷溶液从NaClO4-HClO4介质中萃取Mn(Ⅱ)的反应机理为离子交换机理,萃取焓△H=-196kJ.mol^-1并用Cl^-离子水合作用和Mn^2+与Cl^-形成配合物的竞争解释了萃取分配比与水相中NaCl浓度的关系。 相似文献
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三烷基氧化膦及其萃合物的红外光谱研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
三烷基氧化膦是一种新型的镧系元素和锕系元素萃取剂,本文研究了其红外光谱特征及其与稀土元素和硝酸所形成的萃合物的红外光谱。 相似文献
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D. Caurant 《Optics and Spectroscopy》2014,116(5):667-676
Highly radioactive nuclear waste must be immobilized in very durable matrices such as glasses, glass-ceramics and ceramics in order to avoid their dispersion in the biosphere during their radioactivity decay. In this paper, we present various examples of spectroscopic investigations (optical absorption, Raman, NMR, EPR) performed to study the local structure of different kinds of such matrices used or envisaged to immobilize different kinds of radioactive wastes. A particular attention has been paid on the incorporation and the structural role of rare earths—both as fission products and actinide surrogates—in silicate glasses and glass-ceramics. An example of structural study by EPR of a ceramic (hollandite) irradiated by electrons (to simulate the effect of the β-irradiation of radioactive cesium) is also presented. 相似文献
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It is shown for a closed thorium–uranium–plutonium fuel cycle that, upon processing of one metric ton of irradiated fuel after each four-year campaign, the radioactive wastes contain ~54 kg of fission products, ~0.8 kg of thorium, ~0.10 kg of uranium isotopes, ~0.005 kg of plutonium isotopes, ~0.002 kg of neptunium, and “trace” amounts of americium and curium isotopes. This qualitatively simplifies the handling of high-level wastes in nuclear power engineering. 相似文献
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Yuan-Hao Liu Yi-Chun Lin Sander Nievaart Antoaneta Roca Pi-En Tsai Hong-Ming Liu Ray Moss Shiang-Huei Jiang 《Radiation measurements》2010,45(10):1427-1431
This study aims to determine the activation contamination in the metal-based ionization chambers, i.e. Mg(Ar)- and Al(Ar)-chambers. The contamination was estimated by directly measuring the signal caused by the radioactive nuclides after the irradiation. The INAA gamma ray spectra clearly showed that the ionization chambers were activated. The activation contamination could comprise more than 2% of the total measured current of the Mg(Ar)-chamber, and more than 50% of the Al(Ar)-chamber, both irradiated free-in-air at the THOR epithermal neutron beam. The activation contamination provides concrete evidence of the necessity of the thermal neutron sensitivity correction. 相似文献
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介绍了β缓发粒子衰变放射性束 9C辐照处于不同贯穿深度上人类唾液腺细胞的深度存活效应。 与稳定的 12C束流相比, 放射性 9C束流在其Bragg峰区附近展示了增强的生物学效应, 即细胞的致死效率明显增强。 探讨了放射性束 9C在其Bragg峰区展示增强生物学效应的生物物理机制, 并介绍了利用另一种放射性束 8B进行辐照生物学效应研究的新进展。 最后, 提出了一些利用放射性束可进行的辐照生物学效应前沿研究。 The depth survival effect of a β delayed particle decay 9C beam on human salivary gland (HSG) cells is presented in this paper. Compared with a stable 12C ion beam, the radioactive 9C ion beam showed an enhanced biological effect, i.e., remarkably enhanced efficiency in cell killing, at the penetration depths around its Bragg peak. The biophysical mechanisms underlying the enhanced biological effect are discussed herein, and the latest progress in biological effect induced by another radioactive 8B ion beam is introduced. In the end of this paper, several topics concerning the frontier of the radiation induced biological effects using radioactive ion beams are proposed. 相似文献
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M. Eller S. Miksch J. Lettry T. Stora R. Catherall 《The European physical journal. Special topics》2007,150(1):233-234
The design of future radioactive ion beam (RIB) facilites requires the forecast of radio isotope inventory after irradiation.
At CERN – ISOLDE, we developed
a software that estimates the activity of irradiated materials as a function of time dedicated to radioactive waste management.
This tool can also be used for licensing procedures, planning of irradiation experiments and the estimation of yields. 相似文献