陶瓷摩擦学研究的发展现状

本文综述了陶瓷摩擦学研究的发展现状,从干摩擦和润滑两个方面总结了氧化物陶瓷(Al_2O_3、ZrO_2)和非氧化物陶瓷(Si_3N_4、SiC)的摩擦磨损性能、磨损机理以及影响摩擦磨损性能的若干因素,并且提出了今后需要重点研究的几个课题。     

极压添加剂对陶瓷涂层摩擦学性能的影响

作者用HQ-1型环-块试验机考察了几种极压添加剂对陶瓷涂层摩擦学性能的影响,试验结果表明,陶瓷涂层的磨损性能明显地依赖于摩擦副材料的选择和极压添加剂的种类,而其摩擦性能对此却不很敏感;二烷基二硫代磷酸锌和磷酸三甲酚酯对Cr_2O_3/Cr_2O_3、Cr_2O_3/WC、Cr_2O_3/ZrO_2和Cr_2O_3/TiO_2涂层摩擦副都具有良好的抗磨效果,而PN剂显示的抗磨效果却很差,甚至还有明显的增磨作用。通过电子探针和X-射线光电子能谱仪对TiO_2涂层试块的磨损表面观察发现,润滑油及其极压添加剂在摩擦过程中于磨痕内外都形成了吸附膜,二烷基二硫代磷酸锌和磷酸三甲酚酯的抗磨性能主要归因于它们在陶瓷涂层表面的物理吸附。     

Al_2O_3+PTFE(+PPS)复合材料滑动摩擦磨损的研究

作者采用冷压-烧结工艺研制了Al_2O_3+PTFE、PTFE+PPS和Al_2O_3+(PTFE+PPS)3类复合材料,并对这些材料的摩擦磨损行为及其磨损机理进行了研究。结果表明,适量Al_2O_3粒子的弥散可以明显提高复合材料的耐磨性,PTFE+PPS复合材料的耐磨性远比PTFE的好,摩擦系数几乎与PTFE的相同,是一种良好的减摩抗磨材料。复合材料的磨损过程主要受粘着、犁削和塑性流动机制的控制。     

NiAl-TiO_2/Bi_2O_3纳米复合涂层制备及宽温域摩擦磨损性能

采用等离子喷涂(APS)技术制备NiAl-TiO_2/Bi_2O_3纳米复合涂层,通过高能球磨及喷雾造粒制备TiO_2/Bi_2O_3纳米复合喂料,考察纳米结构TiO_2/Bi_2O_3的不同配比对复合涂层显微结构、力学及摩擦磨损性能的影响.结果表明:复合涂层组织致密,各相分布均匀,采用TiO_2/Bi_2O_3纳米复合喂料使涂层呈现出典型的双态区域,涂层结合强度均高于40 MPa.单纯TiO_2纳米喂料制备的复合涂层中低温摩擦磨损性能较差,TiO_2/Bi_2O_3的复配改善了涂层中低温的塑性和摩擦学性能,并提高了涂层的高温润滑性能,其复合涂层磨损率均低于7×10-5 mm~3/(N·m),摩擦系数在800℃时可低至0.1左右,但过高的Bi_2O_3含量会导致涂层硬度降低,磨损率增加.高温摩擦促进了Bi_4Ti_3O_(12)、NiTiO_3等三元氧化物润滑相的生成,其与TiO_2、NiO在磨损表面形成光滑连续的摩擦层使涂层具有优异的高温摩擦学性能.     

应用声学显微镜研究等离子喷涂陶瓷涂层的表面层结构

声学显微镜能无破坏地对材料内部成像,观察内部结构、缺陷、裂纹和变形等,本文利用声学显微镜分析了几种等离子陶瓷喷涂层[Metco202 NS,Metco 80 NS,国产(Al_2O_3+13％TiO_2)]磨削加工后和摩擦试验后的表面和内部结构特征。结果表明,通过声学显微镜对材料内部裂纹的观察,可揭示内部裂纹的萌生和扩展与表面应力场、塑性变形之间的关系。     

陶瓷粉填充尼龙1010的摩擦磨损性能研究

以微米级有机陶瓷粉末为增强材料,用KH-550硅烷偶联剂对陶瓷粉末进行表面处理制备出陶瓷/尼龙复合材料,在环-块摩擦磨损试验机上评价了陶瓷/尼龙复合材料与钢配副的摩擦磨损性能,并对其力学性能进行测试.结果表明:陶瓷粉末含量在5%～25%时,陶瓷/尼龙1010复合材料的摩擦系数增至0.46左右,当陶瓷粉末含量为30%～40%时,其摩擦系数降至0.41;含5%～40%陶瓷粉末的陶瓷/尼龙1010复合材料的相对磨损率为纯尼龙相对磨损率的26%～42%;陶瓷粉末填充尼龙可以提高复合材料的力学性能,其表面硬度随着陶瓷粉含量增加而呈线性增长,拉伸强度提高16.7%;硅烷偶联剂能够改善陶瓷粉末与尼龙基体的结合强度.这是由于复合材料表面熔融和粘着转变为浅的犁沟,致使陶瓷/尼龙1010复合材料的相对磨损率减小.     

活塞环材料表面热喷涂层的摩擦学特性之研究

作者报道了在钒钛铸铁活塞环材料表面热喷涂自熔性合金粉Ni_(222)的工艺和涂层组织,並在相同的试验条件下,分别评定了钒钛铸铁、硬铬镀层和热喷涂层的摩擦磨损性能。试验结果表明:热喷涂层的摩擦系数低于钒钛铸铁,与硬铬镀层的相接近。热喷涂层的磨损率仅为钒钛铸铁的十分之一、硬铬镀层的二分之一左右,同时对缸套材料的磨损也最小。     

聚四氟乙烯增强氧化铝胶黏陶瓷涂层腐蚀磨损行为

为了有效改善氧化铝胶黏陶瓷涂层的腐蚀磨损特性及摩擦学性能,将聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)添加到氧化铝胶黏陶瓷涂层中,从而改善其腐蚀磨损特性及摩擦学性能.采用料浆法技术在A4钢基体表面制备了不同PTFE含量的胶黏陶瓷涂层,采用动电位极化曲线及电化学阻抗谱分析技术测试了不同组别胶黏陶瓷涂层耐腐蚀性能,利用材料表面性能综合测试仪分析了不同组别胶黏陶瓷涂层的摩擦学性能,并通过超景深三维显微镜表征了其腐蚀磨损形貌参数.相较于未添加PTFE,添加质量分数为0.2%PTFE的氧化铝胶黏陶瓷涂层耐腐蚀性能最为优异.当陶瓷涂层中PTFE的质量分数为0.2%时,A4钢表面涂层的腐蚀电流密度将从6.611×10^-7 A/cm²降低至6.29×10^-8 A/cm²,同时涂层的腐蚀电位将从2×10^-3 V显著增加到8.9×10^-2 V,主要归结于涂层CBPC2阻碍了O₂及Cl^-渗透,使渗透路径更加曲折,抗电解质渗透能力较强.与此同时,H     

高速烟支质量检测装置中陶瓷涂层/浸树脂石墨摩擦副材料的选择研究

本文根据烟草机械高速烟支质量检测装置中陶瓷涂层的实际工作情况,对比分析了Al2O3-40%TiO2、Al2O3-20%TiO2、WC-12%Co和Cr2O34种涂层材料与浸树脂石墨作为摩擦配副材料时的磨损性能,并根据耐磨性好的原则对涂层材料进行选择,以达到减少零件失效、降低维修费用的目的.结果表明:在相同条件下,涂层材料磨损率由大到小分别为Al2O3-40%TiO2、Al2O3-20%TiO2、WC-12%Co和Cr2O3,其中Cr2O3涂层的耐磨性最好.陶瓷涂层材料的主要磨损机理为黏着磨损、脆性剥落和磨粒磨损.     

氧化铝/钼自润滑结构陶瓷表面三维复合润滑层的制备与摩擦学性能研究

应用先进的激光表面加工技术,在Al_2O_3/Mo层状自润滑结构陶瓷表面制备了微坑型织构.将织构图案作为固体润滑剂的贮存槽,通过在其中引入固体润滑剂形成三维复合润滑层.考察了复配润滑剂对织构化氧化铝/钼复合陶瓷在室温至800℃连续加热过程中的协同润滑作用,并通过磨损表面分析探讨了其在宽温域下的润滑机理.结果表明:通过集成固体润滑剂优异的减摩抗磨性能和微织构特殊的结构特征,可使氧化铝/钼复合陶瓷在室温、中温区域的摩擦学性能得到显著改善,实现了材料在较宽温度范围内的连续润滑.复合Graphite/BaSO_4/CaF_2-BaF_2的表面在室温至800℃温度范围内的摩擦系数均保持在0.45以下.     

The 7th International Conference on Fluid Mechanics May 24-27,2015,Qingdao,China

正http://www.icfm7.org First Announcement and Call for PapersThe objective of International Conference on Fluid Mechanics(ICFM)is to provide a forum for researchers to exchange new ideas and recent advances in the fields of theoretical,experimental,computational Fluid Mechanics as well as interdisciplinary subjects.It was successfully convened by the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics(CSTAM)in Beijing(1987,     

INFORMATION FOR CONTRIBUTORS

Contributions： The Journal, Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica, is pleased to receive papers from engineers and scientists working in various aspects of solid mechanics. All contributions are subject to critical review prior to acceptance and publication.     

Preface

This special issue of PARTICUOLOGY is devoted to the first UK-China Particle Technology Forum taking place in Leeds, UK, on 1-3 April 2007. The forum was initiated by a number of UK and Chinese leading academics and organised by the University of Leeds in collaboration with Chinese Society of Particuology, Particle Technology Subject Group （PTSG） of the Institution of Chemical Engineers （IChemE）, Particle Characterisation Interest Group （PCIG） of the Royal Society of Chemistry （RSC） and International Fine Particle Research Institute （IFPRI）. The forum was supported financially by the Engineering and Physics Sciences Research Council （EPSRC） of United Kingdom,     

基于鲁棒滤波的捷联导引头视线角速度估计方法

针对捷联导引头无法直接获取视线角速度等信息的问题,研究了鲁棒滤波在大气层外飞行器捷联导引头视线角速度估计中的应用。为了建立非线性滤波估计模型,考虑目标视线角速度的慢变特性,采用一阶马尔科夫模型建立了状态方程;推导了视线角速度的解耦模型,并建立了量测方程;考虑到实际应用中存在系统噪声统计特性失准的问题,基于Huber-Based鲁棒滤波方法,设计了视线角速度滤波器,并完成了基于Huber-Based滤波方法和扩展卡尔曼滤波方法的数学仿真。仿真结果表明Huber-Based滤波方法的视线角、视线角速度及视线角加速度估计精度分别达到0.1140'、0.1423'/s、0.0203'/s2,而扩展卡尔曼滤波方法的视线角、视线角速度及视线角加速度估计精度仅分别为0.6577'、0.6415'/s、0.0979'/s~2。仿真结果证明了该方法可以有效地估计出相对视线角速度等信息,并且在非高斯噪声的条件下,依然可获得较高的估计精度,具有一定的鲁棒性。     

Guide for authors

正Each of the sections below provides essential information for authors.We recommend that you take the time to read them before submitting a contribution to Acta Mechanica Sinica.We hope our guide to authors may help you navigate to the appropriate section.How to prepare a submission This document provides an outline of the editorial process involved in publishing a scientific paper in Acta Mechanica     

Use specification of multiscale materials for life spanned over macro-, micro-, nano-, and pico-scale

Multiscale material intends to enhance the strength and life of mechanical systems by matching the transmitted spatiotemporal energy distribution to the constituents at the different scale, say—macro, micro, nano, and pico,—, depending on the needs. Lower scale entities are, particularly, critical to small size systems. Large structures are less sensitive to microscopic effects. Scale shifting laws will be developed for relating test data from nano-, micro-, and macro-specimens. The benefit of reinforcement at the lower scale constituents needs to be justified at the macroscopic scale. Filling the void and space in regions of high energy density is considered.Material inhomogeneity interacts with specimen size. Their combined effect is non-equilibrium. Energy exchange between the environment and specimen becomes increasingly more significant as the specimen size is reduced. Perturbation of the operational conditions can further aggravate the situation. Scale transitional functions and/or f_j/j+1 are introduced to quantify these characteristics. They are represented, respectively, by , and (f_mi/ma,f_na/mi,f_pi/na). The abbreviations pi, na, mi, and ma refer to pico, nano, micro and macro.Local damage is assumed to initiate at a small scale, grows to a larger scale, and terminate at an even larger scale. The mechanism of energy absorption and dissipation will be introduced to develop a consistent book keeping system. Compaction of mass density for constituents of size 10⁻¹², 10⁻⁹, 10⁻⁶, 10⁻³ m, will be considered. Energy dissipation at all scales must be accounted for. Dissipations at the smaller scale must not only be included but they must abide by the same physical and mathematical interpretation, in order to avoid inconsistencies when making connections with those at the larger scale where dissipations are eminent.Three fundamental Problems I, II, and III are stated. They correspond to the commonly used service conditions. Reference is made to a Representative Tip (RT), the location where energy absorption and dissipation takes place. The RT can be a crack tip or a particle. At the larger size scales, RT can refer to a region. Scale shifting of results from the very small to the very large is needed to identify the benefit of using multiscale materials.