第33届国际物理奥林匹克竞赛光学实验试题解答及分析

介绍了第33届国际物理奥林匹克竞赛中的光学实验试题及其答案，并分析了此题的特点和实验过程中可能出现的问题。     

第29届国际物理奥林匹克竞赛实验分析及试题介绍

第29届国际物理奥林匹克竞赛于1998年7月2～10日在冰岛首都雷克雅未克举行，有56个队266名中学生参加．中国的5名同学获5枚金牌（本届共11枚金牌），名列第一、第二、第四、第六和第十，同时获个人总分第一、理论分第一、实验分第一、最佳女生奖以及两道题的最佳解法奖．中国同     

第3届亚洲物理奥林匹克竞赛光学实验试题解答及分析

介绍第3届亚洲物理奥林匹克竞赛光学实验题及其解答，并分析了该实验的设计思想、特点与要求。     

利用气枪声源数据的地声参数反演*

本文通过对东海采集的气枪声源数据进行处理,基于地声参数对不同声场观测量的敏感性差异,利用分步反演的策略进行分析。首先选择距离接收阵七个不同的距离点数据,通过warping变换准确提取第三阶至第八阶简正波的频散曲线;利用海底声速对频散曲线敏感的特性来反演声速;由Hamilton经验公式求得海底密度;通过传播损失拟合获得海底衰减。不同距离点数据反演的海底声速与密度一致性较高。实验提取的频散曲线和和反演参数仿真结果、实验获取的传播损失与反演参数获得传播损失均拟合较好。     

第33届国际物理奥林匹克竞赛力热学与电化学综合实验试题解答及分析

介绍了第33届国际物理奥林匹克竞赛力热学与电化学综合实验试题及解答，分析了该实验题目的特点和实验过程。     

谈设计性实验题的解题方法

从对近几年高考试卷的分析可见，高考对物理实验能力的要求逐年提高，考查面也更加深广，高考命题已不再局限于课本上规定的内容，设计性实验的出现，将实验的考查推向了更新高度，因而提高物理实验能力，开展有效的物理实验复习，既是完善自身物理素质的需要，也     

真题解法引反思 教学勿念囫囵经——从2023年6月浙江高考实验试题谈起

高考物理真题是命题专家学者集体智慧的体现,折射着最耀眼的学科之光.研究高考物理试题不仅能给复习备考带来诸多思考,还能提升教师专业素养.笔者在教学中发现,公开资料给出的2023年6月浙江高考物理实验第16题第Ⅰ题的第2小题答案有科学性错误.对此,笔者从类比思想和微元思想出发给出了自己的解答,试图澄清试题本质,还原物理真相,并给出了一些教学建议.     

双纵模He-Ne激光器稳频稳幅的时间相干时谱法(理论部分)

本文提出了一种实现双纵模He-Ne激光器稳频稳幅的新方法——时间相干时谱法.并分析了其调谐特性,介绍了相应的实验装置.     

近几年高考全国 Ⅰ 卷 物理实验试题分析及教学启示

对2 0 1 2~2 0 1 5年高考全国 Ⅰ 卷物理实验试题进行分析与总结; 试题的特点是注重考查常用测量仪器 的使用及读数, 注重考查实验操作, 立足课本实验, 侧重于实验设计; 对教学的启示及建议是不能用实验习题代替实 验, 复习不能脱离课本实验, 复习应重视提高实验数据处理能力, 重视训练学生实验设计能力     

中考物理设计实验考查的指向和命题建议 ——以2020年天津市中考物理第24题为例

中考是基础教育阶段的重要考试,在水平测试的基础上,增加了选拔性考试的功能.以2020年天津市中考物理第24题为例,分析了在试题命制过程中,设计实验题在学科考查、课程标准、学科核心素养以及课程改革新理念等4个方面的指向.中考命题中物理实验的考查不论是命题体系,还是题目设置与设计方面都已成熟,试题风格具有特点鲜明、考查内容...     

Vocal loudness and frequency capabilities of the voice

A phonetogram is a graph showing the sound pressure level (SPL) of softest and loudest phonation over the entire fundamental frequency range of a voice. A physiological interpretation of a phonetogram is facilitated if the SPL is measured with a flat frequency curve and if the vowel /a/ is used. It was found that in soft phonation, the SPL is mainly dependent on the amplitude of the fundamental, while in loud phonation, the SPL is mainly determined by overtones. The short-term SPL variation, i.e., the level variation within a tone, was about 5 dB in soft phonation and close to 2 dB in loud phonation. For two normal voices the long-term SPL variation, calculated as the mean standard deviation of SPL for day-to-day variation, was found to be between 2.4 and 3.4 dB in soft and loud phonation. Speakers who raise their loudness of phonation also tend to raise their mean voice fundamental frequency. Measures obtained from speaking at various voice levels were combined so that typical pathways could be introduced into the phonetogram. The average slope of these pathways was 0.3–0.5 st/dB for healthy subjects. Averaged phonetograms for male singers and male nonsingers did not differ significantly, but averaged phonetograms for female singers and female nonsingers did, in that the upper contour was higher for the female singers. Averaged phonetograms for female patients with non-organic dysphonia showed significantly lower SPL values in loudest phonation as compared to healthy female subjects, while no corresponding difference was seen for males in this regard. With respect to the SPL values for softest phonation, male dysphonic patients showed significantly higher SPL values than healthy male subjects, while no corresponding difference was seen in female subjects. The subglottal pressure mirrored these phonetogram differences between healthy and pathological voices. The averaged phonetograms of female patients after voice therapy showed an increased similarity with those of normal voices. For the male patients the averaged phonetogram did not change significantly after therapy.     

初探声波裂杯实验

利用中学实验室现有的器材和自制装置演示了声波裂杯实验。     

动态弹性模量测量中的谐振频率分析

针对动态弹性模量实验中多个频率处出现共振峰且峰值较大,通过实验进行了分析。当出现共振峰时,先让波形稳定1～2min,再用一塑料夹子分别夹紧试样与支撑片。观察两种情况下,哪一种情况共振峰减小的程度大。结果表明,最小的共振频率并非试样的振动基频。较大的共振频率为试样的高次谐振频率。     

Speaking Fundamental Frequency in Monozygotic and Dizygotic Twins

The speaking fundamental frequency (SFF) and the intraindividual variation of the SFF during the reading of a Dutch standard text were measured in 30 female monozygotic twins (MT) and 30 dizygotic twins (DT), aged 15–29 years. A control group was created that consisted of 30 nonrelated paired individuals of equal age. Studying the intrapair correlation coefficients it seemed that the SFF was similar to a greater degree in MT and to a lesser degree in DT, while there was no correlation at all in nonrelated peers. These results are compatible with a genetic basis for the SFF. On the other hand, the intraindividual variation of the SFF was highly similar in MT and in DT (but not in nonrelated peers), so that for this parameter it was not possible to discern the influences of genetic disposition and shared environment.     

垂直悬挂质点弹簧系统的振动

讨论了振动的振幅与周期的变化规律,给出了当质点质量m0与弹簧质量m之比趋于零与趋于无穷大以及系统水平放置时的振动解.     

Average speaking fundamental frequency in soprano singers with and without symptoms of vocal attrition

Nineteen trained soprano singers aged 18–30 years vocalized tasks designed to assess average speaking fundamental frequency (SFF) during spontaneous speaking and reading. Vocal range and perceptual characteristics while singing with low intensity and high frequency were also assessed, and subjects completed a survey of vocal habits/symptoms. Recorded signals were digitized prior to being analyzed for SFF using the Kay Computerized Speech Lab program. Subjects were assigned to a normal voice or impaired voice group based on ratings of perceptual tasks and survey results. Data analysis showed group differences in mean SFF, no differences in vocal range, higher mean SFF values for reading than speaking, and 58% ability to perceive speaking in low pitch. The role of speaking in too low pitch as causal for vocal symptoms and need for voice classification differentiation in vocal performance studies are discussed.     

应变石墨烯纳米带谐振特性的分子动力学研究

从动势能转换与守恒原理出发,在微正则(NVE)系综下,采用COMPASS力场对石墨烯纳米带及其应变传感器的谐振特性进行了分子动力学模拟.研究发现,非线性响应主导了石墨烯纳米带的动态行为,而其超高的基波频率则与长度和边界条件密切相关;单轴拉伸应变对石墨烯纳米带基波频率的影响显著且强烈依赖于边界条件,四边固支型应变石墨烯纳米带具有更高的频移,其灵敏度可高达7800 Hz/nanostrain,远大于相同长度碳纳米管应变传感器的灵敏度;石墨烯纳米带及其应变传感器的谐振特性均与手性无关.本文所得结果表明,由于超低 关键词： 石墨烯纳米带 分子动力学 应变 基波频率     

a系语气词特殊发音基频的情感表现*

语气词在日常对话中频繁使用,能表达特定的情感。a系语气词在生活广泛使用,口语中的某些语气词的特殊音调并不是普通话四个标准声调。该文从发音的基频角度出发,认为特殊音调能适用于一类情感的表达,提取特殊音调的基频数据,发现其在基频上的线性变化特征以及发音的规律。从基频上合成特殊音调语气词并应用到句子的语气词中,通过情感识别对比实验和情绪反馈对比实验表明,含有该种特殊音调语气词的情感语句使听音人产生较强烈的正向情绪,感到更加愉悦。     

Have women's voices lowered across time? A cross sectional study of Australian women's voices

Various aspects of our communication are well known to havechanged over time (1-3). This article describes a cross-sectional study that examined the acoustic characteristics of two groups of Australian women aged 18–25 years from recordings made in 1945 and 1993 and investigated the possible changes in the voice across generations. Archival recordings from 1945 which had been used in a longitudinal study (4) were compared to recordings made in 1993. The results of this study show that women in 1993 have significantly deeper voices than women of the same age recorded in 1945. The possible factors influencing this change are discussed.