双色激光场对运动原子的辐射压力

本文研究了双色行波场对运动原子的辐射压力，通过数值计算，分别得到了在不同光强，不同频率，不同传播方向条件下，原子在双色场中的受激跃迁速率和辐射压力随速度变化的关系。结果表明：双色场对原子的辐射压力和行波场及驻波场相比，有着许多不同特点，这些特点可以在激光冷却中性原子，原子速度选择，原子动量扩散的研究中加以利用。     

激光驻波场作用下原子束横向速度聚束

分别从理论和实验上研究了在负失谐强激光驻波场作用下，原子速度聚集在某一特定速度附近的现象，即速度聚束，产生速度聚束的原因是，当原子的速度小于某一临界速度时，激光对原子的辐射压力加热原子，而当原子速度大于这个临界速度时则冷却原子，因此原子将伙集于这个临界速度附近。     

一维σ^＋—σ^—冷却光和再抽运光对多能级钠原子作用研究

表述了包含钠２４个磁能级的原子在一维σ＾＋－σ＾－冷却光和再抽运光中各磁子能级粒子分布随时间变化的公式及多普勒冷却力，计算并讨论了不同冷却光失谱情况，不同抽抽运光强和失谐情况下原子的多普勒冷却力的上能级粒子数占基态总粒子数的比例Ｐ（ｖ）随速度的变化，该模型的计算结果能解释在磁光陷阱（ＭＯＴ）实验中的现象和和为磁光陷阱实验选择参数时的参考。     

驻波场中相位迟后的偶极力

计算了二能级原子在一个驻波场中的辐射压力，给出了在不对空间平均时的辐射压力的普遍表达式，指出辐射压力的零级项应应于受激压力，而一级项对应于偶极力，高队项则可忽略。文中详细地计算了各种不同情况下的偶极力和相位，指出对于不同速度，相位有不同的迟后，这样的结果将严重地影响原子在驻波场中的动力学，用光子再分配模型简单地对有力的相位随速度的变化作了解释。     

~6Li原子跃迁频率和超精细分裂的精密测量

本文实现了可用于锂原子频率精密测量的冷原子系统,获得了大数目的原子样品;利用西西弗斯冷却和速度选择相干布居俘获实现了~6Li的冷原子的灰色黏胶冷却,原子的温度被冷却到多普勒冷却极限以下,达到50μK;利用光学频率梳,实验上测量了D1线的跃迁频率和超精细分裂,测量结果和理论计算相接近,可以和目前最精确的测量相比较.这些测量为进一步的轻质量原子频率的精密测量、α常数以及核半径的精确标定打下了基础.     

一维σ^＋～σ^—冷却光和再抽运光对一维磁光陷阱中的多能级钠原？…

表述了钠Ｄ２线跃迁包含的２４个磁子能级的原子在一维σ＾＋～σ＾－冷却光和再抽运光中产生的稳态多普勒冷却力，讨论了不同磁场强度，不同再抽动光强和失谐情况下原子的多普勒冷却力及对磁光陷阱中最大捕陷速度，原子数目及温度的影响。     

铯原子双磁光阱中冷原子的输运：从推载到导引

在超高真空环境下实现中性原子的激光冷却与俘获，可以有效地避免背景气体对冷原子的碰撞所造成的影响，已成为玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚、冷原子光学腔量子电动力学、中性原子玻色-费米混合气体等实验研究的出发点。结合气室磁光阱和超高真空磁光阱的所谓双磁光阱，以其真空系统相对简单、参数易于控制、效率高等优点，得到了很大发展。双磁光阱既能在气室磁光阱部分从处于室温的原子背景中快速冷却和俘获原子，然后将其通过一定途径输运到超高真空磁光阱中，又能达到在压力极低的超高真空环境下制备冷原子的目的。     

各向同性光场对原子束的分步减速

通过理论分析计算了积分球中各向同性光场对原子产生的辐射压力,提出了一种新的激光对原子束的减速方案:将原子炉产生的热铷原子束通过五个直径为10 cm的积分球,积分球内部各向同性光场的失谐量从Δ=-70Γ依次减小到Δ=-10Γ,从而可以对原子束进行减速和冷却。通过对减速过程的数值计算结果发现,该方案可以把速度小于331 m/s的原子束减速和冷却到小于1 m/s,接近多普勒极限。     

球面波场下原子的力学效应及球面波磁光阱

从理论上计算了原子在球面波场中的受力情况,提出具体球面波磁光阱(MOT)的方案,计算结果表明,球面波冷却和捕陷原子的方法具有冷却原子的范围大和捕陷原子的数目多,冷却效率高等优点。并可极大地缩小装置的体积。     

高效率激光冷却原子束

计算了用远离共振的两个行波场作用于一个二能级原子使其能级产生调制后再与一个近共振的行波场相互作用产生的辐射压力。结果表明,这个力在合适的条件下,有可能比自发辐射力大得多,因而可以实现高效率的激光冷却。 关键词：     

On the possibilities of sub-Doppler atomic spectroscopy in multilayer gas cells

Possibilities of high-resolution spectroscopy of atoms (or molecules) for optical pumping and probing with the use of a proposed cell with a series of plane-parallel thin gas layers between spatially separated regions of this cell are theoretically studied. It is shown that efficient velocity selection of optically pumped atoms is possible in view of their characteristic transit and collisional relaxation in such a cell, which leads to the formation of narrow sub-Doppler resonances in absorption of a probe monochromatic wave. The resolution of this spectroscopic method is analyzed in the cases of stationary and definite nonstationary optical pumping of atoms by broadband radiation for different geometrical parameters of these cells and pumping intensity. The proposed multilayer gas cell is a compact analog of a large number of parallel atomic (molecular) beams and can be the basis for new high-precision and compact optical frequency standards.     

Focusing of an atomic beam by a Fresnel atom microlens

Focusing of an atomic beam by a Fresnel atom microlens formed by an optical field diffracted by an aperture whose size is comparable to or greater than the radiation wavelength is considered. It is shown that the dipole gradient force enables one to focus the atomic beam to a spot of about 10 nm in diameter. The focusing properties of a Fresnel atom microlens are analyzed within a model describing the dipole interaction of rubidium atoms with monochromatic radiation near the D-line.     

原子在单色辐射作用下长时间内的行为研究

建立了原子在单色辐射作用下的模型,用微扰理论方法求解出原子处于两能级的几率.讨论了原子在单色辐射作用下长时间内的行为,得到了原子因辐射场的影响而变化的速率比能级的衰减速率大的情况下,原子在两能级间振荡,原子和辐射场相互作用越强,辐射场能够与原子发生作用的频率区间越宽,而且原子在单色光长时间辐射作用下高、低能级跃迁的速率不随时间而改变的结论.     

On the Sub-Doppler Spectroscopy of Optically Excited Atoms in a Thin Gas Cell

This work continues a theoretical investigation of the capabilities of the well-known method based on using a monochromatic probe light beam in combination with optical pumping of atoms (molecules) of a rarefied-gas medium by a broadband radiation in a thin cell the diameter of which is much larger than its internal thickness. In contrast to calculations carried out in the previous publications on this method of spectroscopy, here, we consider the case of arbitrary values of pump intensity and thickness of a cylindrical gas cell. Thus, all the possible mechanisms and specificities of velocity selection of atoms in optically excited levels caused by transit-time relaxation of such atoms in gas cells of this kind are analyzed. Within the framework of this approach, sub-Doppler absorption resonances of the probe light beam corresponding to quantum transitions from the upper level excited by optical pumping are investigated. The obtained results can be used in high-resolution spectroscopy of atoms (molecules), as well as for laser-frequency stabilization to established narrow spectral resonances.     

High contrast resonances of the coherent population trapping on sublevels of the ground atomic term

We have detected and analyzed narrow, high contrast coherent population trapping resonances, which appear in transmission of the probe monochromatic light beam under action of the counterpropagating two-frequency laser radiation, on example of the nonclosed three level ??-system formed by spectral components of the Doppler broadened D₂ line of cesium atoms (in the cell with the rarefied Cs vapor). These nontrivial resonances are determined directly by the trapped atomic population on the definite lower level of the ??-system and may be used in atomic frequency standards, sensitive magnetometers and in ultrahigh resolution laser spectroscopy of atoms and molecules.     

Absorption and emission line profile coefficients of multilevel atoms—I. Atomic profile coefficients

The line profile coefficients for absorption and emission appearing in the radiative transfer equation are formulated in terms of atomic line profile coefficients and velocity distribution functions. In order to derive the atomic profile coefficients of a multilevel atom, one defines generalized atomic redistribution functions that describe the correlations between photons involved in consecutive radiative transitions of the atom. Besides their dependence on the radiation field, the atomic line profile coefficients of a multilevel atom depend on the velocity distributions of the atoms in the various excitation states, in contrast to the case of a two-level atom where only the radiation intensity but not the velocity distributions affect the atomic emission profile. Closed expressions of the atomic profile coefficients in terms of generalized redistribution functions are obtained if stimulated emissions are neglected, and one is led to an iterative approximation scheme if stimulated emissions are taken into account. The possibility of a nonlocal character of the atomic profile coefficients is pointed out, and the effect of elastic, velocity-changing collisions with excited atoms is discussed. A major aim of this paper is to draw attention to the fact that ordinary redistribution functions that describe only the correlations between the absorbed and reemitted photons in the same spectral line are not sufficient to formulate the line profile coefficients of a multilevel atom.     

Quantum-electrodynamic effects for atoms in a laser field

Quantum-electrodynamic radiation corrections to atomic energy levels in the presence of monochromatic laser field are considered as radiation shifts of quasienergies. General expressions are obtained for self-energy part of radiation shifts for an arbitrary multilevel atomic system. As an appendix, the radiation shifts of spectral lines of atomic resonance transitions are investigated.     

Microscopic theory of scattering of weak electromagnetic radiation by a dense ensemble of ultracold atoms

Based on the developed quantum microscopic theory, the interaction of weak electromagnetic radiation with dense ultracold atomic clouds is described in detail. The differential and total cooperative scattering cross sections are calculated for monochromatic radiation as particular examples of application of the general theory. The angular, spectral, and polarization properties of scattered light are determined. The dependence of these quantities on the sample size and concentration of atoms is studied and the influence of collective effects is analyzed.     

Spectroscopy of laser-produced cerium plasma for remote isotope analysis of nuclear fuel

A cerium oxide sample was ablated by 2nd harmonic radiation of Nd:YAG laser at a power density of 0.1 GW/cm². Time evolution of the ablation plume was investigated by laser absorption time-of-flight (TOF) measurement. It was found that the ablated ionic plume in vacuum consisted of two components having different velocities whereas the ablated neutral atoms had mainly a single component. The flow velocity perpendicular to the sample surface in vacuum was determined to be 3.5 km/s for neutral atoms, and 4.7 km/s and 9.3 km/s for singly charged ions. From the detailed plume evolution in ambient atmosphere with several pressures we obtained some experimental conditions suitable for isotope analysis of atomic cerium.