不同激光参数照射下血管中血栓的演变

目前,激光是治疗葡萄酒色斑(Port Wine Stain,PWS)最有效的疗法。然而,由于选择性光热效应机理研究的欠缺,PWS的临床彻底清除率依然很低(<20%)。本文利用鼠脊视窗模型研究了不同激光参数照射下血管中光凝块和血栓的演变规律,以期为开发新的治疗策略提供依据。实验结果表明,Nd:YAG激光(1064 nm)照射后血管中只出现光凝块。长脉宽532nm激光照射后血管中首先形成光凝块,随着光凝块的流走,血栓产生并粘着血管壁。血栓面积随时间先增大后减小,存在时间长达4 h以上。短脉宽532 nm激光照射后,则形成非粘着血管壁血栓并随血流流走。由于形成完全堵塞血管的血栓是清除血管的前提,长脉宽532 nm激光联合抗血栓药物治疗PWS有望改善激光治疗PWS疗效。     

Islet cell tumor of the pancreas associated with tumor thrombus in the portal vein.

We report the MR findings of a 70-year-old man with an islet cell tumor that diffusely involved the body of the pancreas associated with enhancing portal vein tumor thrombus and cavernous transformation. The diffusely infiltrative tumor mass was best shown on early post gadolinium spoiled gradient echo. The tumor thrombus enhanced intensely on early post gadolinium images and was also well shown on true FISP (Fast Imaging with Steady State Precession) images. The extent of liver metastases was best shown on fat suppressed T2-weighted images. The most unusual finding was tumor thrombus involving the SMV and portal vein.     

Loss of Stability of the Blood Liquid State and Assessment of Shear-Induced Thrombosis Risk

Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics - The loss of stability of the blood liquid state causes changes in the blood aggregation, resulting in thrombus formation. Intravascular thrombus formation is...     

MR signal change in venous thrombus relates organizing process and thrombolytic response in rabbit

Venous thrombus is subsequently organized and replaced by fibrous connective tissue. However, the sequential changes in venous thrombi are not reliably detected by current noninvasive diagnostic techniques. The purpose of this study is to reveal whether magnetic resonance (MR) can detect venous thrombus, define thrombus age and predict thrombolytic responses. Thrombus in the rabbit jugular vein was imaged with a 1.5-T MR system at 4 h and at 1, 2 and 4 weeks using three-dimensional (3D) fast asymmetric spin echo T2-weighted (T2W) and 3D-gradient echo T1-weighted (T1W) sequences. The jugular veins were histologically assessed at each time point. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was also performed in vivo before and 30 min after tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) administration. The thrombi in MRI were comparable in size to histological sections. The signal intensity (SI) of thrombi at 4 h was heterogeneously high or low on T2W or T1W images, respectively. The SI of thrombi on T2W images decreased time-dependently, but increased on T1W images at 1 and 2 weeks. Morphological analysis showed time-dependent decreases in erythrocyte, platelet and fibrin areas and time-dependent increases in smooth muscle cell, macrophage, collagen and iron areas. The t-PA administration significantly decreased thrombus volume at 4 h but not at 1, 2 and 4 weeks. Venous thrombosis can be reliably and noninvasively detected by MRI. Measurement of SI might support assessments of thrombus age and thrombolytic response.     

Dynamic half-Fourier single-shot turbo spin echo for assessment of deep venous thrombosis: initial observations

Objective

The objective of this study was to retrospectively analyze the value of dynamic half-Fourier single-shot turbo spin echo (HASTE) imaging in patients with suspected deep venous thrombosis (DVT).

Materials and Methods

Fifty-five veins in 24 patients were interrogated using a HASTE sequence with the patients relaxed and in various degrees of Valsalva. Veins were analyzed for changes in caliber (+CAL) and signal intensity (+SI) or in their absence (−CAL and −SI, respectively) and compared with the presence of thrombus on gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.

Results

There was no thrombus in veins with the +CAL, +SI pattern (n=40) (P<.01). Five of seven veins (71.4%) with the −CAL, −SI pattern had thrombus (P<.01). A qualitative change in CAL had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 91% for the presence of thrombus. An increase of 1.5 mm in CAL had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 93% for this diagnosis.

Conclusion

Dynamic HASTE imaging offers a physiological method to evaluate veins for deep venous thrombosis.     

Combination probe for optically assisted ultrasonic velocity-change imaging aimed at detecting unstable blood vessel plaque

Optical Review - Blood vessel plaque with a large lipid core is at risk of becoming thrombus and is likely to induce acute heart disease. To prevent this, it is necessary to determine not only the...     

Evaluation of shear and recirculation in centrifugal artificial heart by flow visualization

A centrifugal blood pump for artificial heart has to have low hemolysis and no thrombus formation. For finding and removing the fluid dynamic causes of the above mentioned phenomena, flow visualization was utilized, as flow visualization can identify the high shear and stagnation locations which relate to hemolysis and thrombus formation respectively. In the present paper, general fluid dynamic characteristics of centrifugal blood pumps will be extracted, through analyzing four typical centrifugal pumps with flow visualization technique. Finding shear in the volute and diffuser regions, confirming vortex formation at washout holes, and quantitative analysis of the flow in the inlet regions are the shown examples. The obtained results correspond well to hemolysis tests, which proves that flow visualization is a useful tool in developing and analyzing blood pumps for artificial hearts.     

Vessel laser angioplastyin vitro

Summary This paper presents a set of measurements concerning the laser ability to perforate human atheromatic plaque and thrombus. Split segments of arteries were prepared under wet conditions and exposed to laser light at different power values and exposures. A multiline argon-ion laser, 5 W nominal power, coupled with a quartz fiber (600 μm diameter) was used. A dose effect correlation was found in the presence of homogeneous targets, independently of the power used. A linear fit to the data was made, which showed a very similar slope for homogeneous plaque (0.054±0.026, for a normalized χ²=0.08), as well as for organized thrombus (0.051±0.04, χ²=0.09). Such a correlation did not show up in the presence of nonhomogeneous targets.     

Symbolic dynamics of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation

In this paper, the symbolic dynamics analysis was used to analyze the complexity of normal heartbeat signal (NSR), Ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF) signals. By calculating the information entropy value of symbolic sequences, the complexities were quantified. Based on different information entropy values, NSR, VT and VF signals were distinguished with satisfactory results. The study showed that a sudden drop of symbolic sequence’s entropy value indicated that the patients most likely entered the episode of ventricular tachycardia and this was a crucial episode for the clinical treatment of patients. It had important clinical significance for the automatic diagnosis.     

Thrombophlebitis of the inferior vena cava involving the retroperitoneum with Crohn's disease: MR demonstration

We present a case of thrombophlebitis of the inferior vena cava (IVC) with Crohn's disease after intestinal perforation and prolonged indwelling of a catheter in the IVC. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated abnormal thickening and enhancement of the IVC wall. In addition, IVC thrombus formation was shown. The abnormal enhancement extended from the wall in the pericaval tissue and into the retroperitoneum, and regressed as the Crohn's disease subsided.     

毛细血管内原位血栓形成的MPS模拟

血小板在原位血栓形成过程中起着重要作用.本文将血液离散为具有血浆和血小板特性的粒子,根据原位血栓的生理形成过程提出了壁面吸附的血小板与被吸附的血小板间的吸附作用力模型,使用移动粒子半隐式方法(MPS)模拟了毛细血管受损壁面处血小板聚集形成原位血栓的过程.模拟结果再现了管壁面受损处原位血栓的形成过程,结果显示原位血栓形成...     

丁基苯酞衍生物的红外与拉曼光谱研究

丁基苯酞是我国脑血管领域第一个拥有自主知识产权的一类新药,常温下为一种淡黄色或者无色粘稠油状液体,具有众多优点,但在临床使用中会出现转氨酶升高、肝功能异常和消化道反应等不良反应。将卤素原子引入到丁基苯酞的6位,获得了3个固态的丁基苯酞类似物,并对其进行了IR和Raman光谱测定。两种光谱提供了互为补充的信息,引入卤原子后,双取代苯环的特征峰消失,出现了三取代苯环的特征峰。在红外中比较弱甚至检测不到的3位C—H伸缩振动在Raman中非常明显,在Raman的低波数区间检测到了可被指认为—C—C—C—C—的变形振动。根据这两种光谱的研究结果确认了所合成化合物的结构。     

Numerical simulation of biomagnetic fluid in a channel with thrombus

Biomagnetic fluid dynamics is the study of the interaction of biological fluids with an applied steady magnetic field. Recently, several medical applications begin to utilize magnetic labeling of specific cells and targeted drug delivery using magnets. The magnetically labeled cells and the drug encapsulates are usually loaded in the blood stream and are directed toward a specific site by use of a magnet. In this paper, numerical simulation of biomagnetic fluid in the presence of a thrombus when exposed to magnetic field is presented. The finite analytic method is used to obtain the numerical simulation. It is found that the magnetic force causes a drastic change in the fluid behavior and the friction coefficient increases as the magnetic field strength increases.     

Vulnerability to ventricular fibrillation

One of the factors that favors the development of ventricular fibrillation is an increase in the dispersion of refractoriness. Experiments will be described in which an increase in dispersion in the recovery of excitability was determined during brief episodes of enhanced sympathetic nerve activity, known to increase the risk of fibrillation. Whereas in the normal heart ventricular fibrillation can be induced by a strong electrical shock, a premature stimulus of moderate intensity only induces fibrillation in the presence of regional ischemia, which greatly increases the dispersion of refractoriness. One factor that is of importance for the transition of reentrant ventricular tachycardia to ventricular fibrillation during acute regional ischemia is the subendocardial Purkinje system. After selective destruction of the Purkinje network by lugol, reentrant tachycardias still develop in the ischemic region, but they do not degenerate into fibrillation. Finally, attempts were made to determine the minimal mass of thin ventricular myocardium required to sustain fibrillation induced by burst pacing. This was done by freezing of subendocardial and midmural layers. The rim of surviving epicardial muscle had to be larger than 20 g. Extracellular electrograms during fibrillation in both the intact and the "frozen" left ventricle were indistinguishable, but activation patterns were markedly different. In the intact ventricle epicardial activation was compatible with multiple wavelet reentry, in the "frozen" heart a single, or at most two wandering reentrant waves were seen. (c) 1998 American Institute of Physics.     

人体血管壁超声传输衰减特性的研究

本文利用超声脉冲反射法，对人体血管壁声衰减特性进行了离体测量，给出了人体血管壁声能量衰减参数的测量值。这对超声在医学领域的应用以及超声连体非介入血栓消溶有着十分重要的意义。     

Coronary artery stent mimicking intracardiac thrombus on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging due to signal loss: case report

Since the introduction of percutaneous coronary intervention for coronary artery disease, thousands of patients have been treated with the implantation of coronary stents. Moreover, several of the patients with coronary stent undergo cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging every year. This case report is of a 77-year-old man who was previously treated with the implantation of a coronary stent in the left circumflex artery. He underwent CMR imaging, which revealed a process 14×21 mm in the left atrium. Cardiac contrast computed tomography did not demonstrate any cardiac pathology. While the signal loss on MRI associated with implanted metallic devices is known, we report a case where an implanted coronary stent in the left circumflex artery led to an intracardiac signal loss mimicking intracardiac thrombus/tumor.     

The association of laryngoceles with ventricular phonation

Laryngoceles represent dilatations of the laryngeal saccule that may extend internally into the airway, or externally through the thyrohyoid membrane. Unilateral laryngoceles are uncommon clinical entities and bilateral laryngoceles are rare. Certain activities like glass blowing and playing a wind instrument are associated with laryngocele development, as is laryngeal carcinoma in the ventricular area. This case describes development of bilateral laryngoceles in a patient who chronically uses ventricular phonation during speech. The pathogenesis involves repetitive elevation of intralaryngeal pressure during false vocal cord approximation, exposing the ventricles to abnormally high air pressures. The pathogenesis in this case, as well as in laryngoceles associated with occupational or anatomic risk factors, is discussed.     

用晶格玻尔兹曼方法研究血液在分岔管中的栓塞

血液栓塞形成机理一直是学术界研究的热点.本文将以圆形刚性颗粒在分岔管中的运动模拟血液在微血管中的运动,对血液在分岔管中的栓塞现象作了初步研究.重点研究了当血管发生分岔时,血管中血液流速的变化以及血栓形成的概率.得出结论,压积越大越容易发生栓塞,压差越大越不易发生栓塞.分岔管的入口和分岔处最容易发生栓塞.血液经分岔管后,大管中的压积比小管的高.     

Spiral breakup as a model of ventricular fibrillation

The phenomenon of spiral breakup in a 2D and a 3D excitable medium is described. Differences between breakup in two dimensions and in three dimensions are discussed. Spiral breakup in an anatomical model of the ventricles of the heart is also studied. The patterns of excitation in the heart are presented at different wavelengths together with their electrocardiograms. Finally it is suggested that the phenomenon of spiral breakup is a possible mechanism of the ventricular fibrillation (VF). (c) 1998 American Institute of Physics.