发丝线径分布及横截面形状研究--直条衍射应用实例

应用直条衍射理论，通过对人的发丝线径分布及横截面形状进行实验研究，得到发丝线径分布均匀、且发丝横截面具有规则几何形状这一符合实际的结论。这是用衍射原理测量微小的一种简单、有效的方法。     

翅片管蒸发器结霜厚度图象处理定量化实验分析

数字图象处理技术是随着计算机技术的发展而发展起来的一门新兴学科．翅片管蒸发器这类复杂几何形状表面的结霜厚度及其分布测量是蒸发器给霜与换热动态特性研究的实验基础，本文提出采用数字图象处理技术定量测量结露厚度的分布情况。结果表明，图象处理方法的引入为霜厚测量提供了一种可行的研究手段。     

一种测量生物组织热导率的新方法

采用脉冲衰减法可以测量生物组织热导率。但是,Chen等人提出的脉冲衰减法采用了“点热源”假设,而实际测量时,探头有一定的几何尺寸,由此造成了测量时的模型误差。本文采用数值实验的方法对这一误差及其影响因素进行了分析。在此基础上,提出了一种考虑了探头尺寸影响的新的脉冲衰减法,推导出了其测量公式。采用已知热导率的工质进行了验证试验,实验测量结果证实了本文对原有测量方法误差的分析;同时也表明,采用本文提出方法可以将测量误差减小到5%以下。     

基于HALCON的双目立体视觉工件尺寸测量

为了实现对大批量生产工件尺寸的精密测量，该文基于双目立体视觉视差原理，设计了一种工件尺寸实时测量系统；系统通过两个工业数字摄像头实时采集工件不同角度的两幅图像，并基于机器视觉软件HALCON的HDevelop开发环境，对两幅图像进行相关预处理，获取感兴趣区域。提出一种基于canny的亚像素边缘检测、边缘细化、基于atukey权重函数的最小二乘法边缘拟合及边缘均匀取点算法获取精确的边缘特征点，并通过双目系统标定、极线约束与NCC相结合的立体匹配、世界坐标转换、几何计算相结合的非接触式双目视觉方法进行尺寸测量。通过大量实验证明，该方法可有效地获取工件特征点的三维坐标值，不借助外部测量仪器实现工件关键尺寸的高精度实时检测，检测精度达±0.2mm以上，简单快捷，具有较好的准确性和实时性。     

基于光学三维形貌数字重建的不规则表面的参数测量

针对不规则形状物体表面参数测量困难的问题,提出了一种利用光学三维形貌数字重建技术来获取待测物体表面三维数字信息的方法。首先利用傅里叶变换得到反映三维物体表面高度的相位数据,在计算机中重建三维待测物体,然后再利用Matlab软件编写面向用户的人机交互界面,通过计算机鼠标指定待测量的表面区域,最后运用Matlab软件对鼠标所指定区域的三维数字信息进行处理,根据几何关系计算出指定区域的表面积、两点间的曲线长度等参数,实现人机交互式的非接触测量。     

二维多介质流体自适应网格技术应用

自适应网格技术能够对复杂几何形状的流场以及大变形问题进行数值模拟，特别是能够很好地捕捉几何尺度较小、物理量空间变化梯度大的强间断，如激波。该方法在初始网格基础上根据物形特点或流场特点在局部区域内不断进行网格细化，实现精度符合要求、分布合理且经济有效的一种网格技术。     

双曝光全息干涉法用于风洞中激波流场的研究

本文论述了双曝光全息干涉法在激波流场研究中的应用．对于形状不规则模型在超音速风洞中产生的激波流场,由于对这种流场进行数值计算几乎不可能,从实验上对其进行定量测量就显得尤为重要．本文很好地解决了某种不规则模型超音速激波流场的定量测量问题,获得了激波流场的有限条纹全息干涉图,并利用图象处理技术对干涉图进行了细化处理,再用人机交互的方式采集数据计算出条纹的位移量,最后用拉普拉斯变换法计算出流场的密度分布值．     

用激光加工硅钢片降低铁损残余变形的云纹干涉法测量研究

应用双镀层高温高频光栅和云纹干涉法对激光加工硅钢片降低铁损的残余变形进行了测量研究。分别对采用ＣＯ２连续激光和ＹＡＧ脉冲激光不同参数处理后硅钢片表面的残余变形进行了测量，对双镀层Ｃｒ－Ｃｒ光栅的制作方法、云纹干涉法测量残余变形的原理进行了讨论。实验结果表明，硅钢片在激光加工后，试件表面产生负性残余应变是细化磁畴，降低铁损的直接原因     

多面体模具角参数自动测量方法的研究

多平面冷反光镜模具质量的好坏直接影响着出射光束照度的均匀度和出射光束的定向性，目前使用的检测方法存在测量过程繁琐费时，测量精度低等缺点。本文介绍了一种利用ＣＣＤ线阵光电探测器研制的多面体模具角参数自动测量系统。该装置采用光学方法，将待测的几何参数——两相邻平面间夹角α转化为测量该两平面反射光聚焦光斑的距离，然后用ＣＣＤ图像数据采集系统处理数据。使整个系统简单、紧凑，适用范围广，对不能接触测量或因面形太小或因形状复杂而难以测量的平面夹角均可进行测量。本文亦讨论了实验数据处理，并根据实际情况，采用重心法计算光斑中心位置，使测量精度有了很大提高。最后给出了利用该系统测量的结果。     

对伏安法测电阻的研究

对伏安法测电阻的研究魏诺（西安建筑科技大学７１００５５）伏安法测电阻通常存在两点不足：一是不考虑电表内阻误差的影响，二是按等精度测量进行数据处理．实际上，用伏安法测电阻时，在电表量程内由小到大选取不同值进行多次测量属于不等精度测量；而电表内阻的误差对...     

An improved method for shape measurement using two-dimensional digital image correlation

Shape measurement is a significant application of digital image correlation (DIC). An improved method that combines a rotatable plane mirror is proposed to measure the shape of an immovable object. In this method, two images, one before and the other after rotating the plane mirror, are obtained and then in-plane translation which related to the shape of the detected object can be calculated by the use of two-dimensional digital image correlation (2D DIC). The relationship between the in-plane translation and the shape of the object is described. Experimental results show that the proposed method is feasible for shape and distance measurement with high accuracy.     

Shaft diameter measurement using a digital image

In this paper, a non-contact and high-precision method based on the processing of a digital image is presented to measure the diameter of a shaft. The method mainly involves three steps: first, the camera is calibrated by an improved approach, which only uses the feature points in the measurement area of the image to optimise the local camera model; second, with the help of the parameters of the model in the first step, a measurement method for determining the shaft diameter is proposed; finally, to embody the spatial attitude of the shaft accurately, the extrinsic parameters are re-calibrated by measuring a shaft whose diameter is known, and then the precision of measurement is improved by means of the new extrinsic parameters. The experimental data demonstrate that the proposed method exhibits high precision, with relative errors of approximately 0.005 mm.     

CCD胶片点阵信息判读技术

本文论述了一种判读胶片点阵信息的新技术.CCD点阵信息判读技术采用面阵CCD实时采集点阵图象,并结合数字图系处理技术,使点阵判读达到了通用性强、误码率低、处理速度高的水平,同时系统结构简单、成本低.本文在分析CCD图象处理系统原理的基础上,重点讲述了点阵图象的处理方法.     

条纹图像边缘检测在热轧带钢平坦度测量中的应用

平坦度是描述带钢板形质量的主要参数之一,平坦度在线测量对于板形控制至关重要。研究了一种新型的基于数字投影和条纹边缘检测技术的平坦度测量系统,阐述了该系统的测量原理、硬件构成及系统软件,软件包括图像处理、坐标变换及平坦度计算等。该测量方法属于三维全场式测量方法,能克服带钢垂直运动给测量带来的不利影响,与目前广泛应用的传统测量方法相比,抗干扰能力强,测量结果更准确,且成本较低。     

利用DIP技术测定荷质比

将数字图像处理(DIP)技术用于汞546.1nm谱线塞曼分裂横效应π谱线、σ谱线的图像处理,建立了CCD实时测量系统。通过多图像平均,图像细化,取样分析,快速方便地测量计算了电子的荷质比。结果表明,直接测量无法分辨的σ谱线可以通过数字图像处理测量;测量π谱线引起的相对误差小于1%,比直接测量法降低了近一个数量级。     

干涉测量波面重构DCT算法研究

采用一种空间移相干涉仪测量凹形非球面反射镜光学表面,使用偏振元件和多幅图像同步采集实现移相,并对测量得到的干涉条纹采用基于离散余弦变换的相位解包裹算法,对不连续相位分布采用非加权的最小二乘法进行优化目标函数,最终重构出被测光学表面的面形.这种结构形式的干涉仪具有一定的抗振能力,同时在数字图像处理上优化了算法,能够快速稳定地得到被测面形,而且对硬件要求不高.结果表明:这种算法能够适用于非实验室条件下的光学测量,在一定干扰条件下可以达到较高的测量精度.     

Estimation of curl in paper using a combination of shape measurement and least-squares modelling

Curl is a quality problem that makes paper less suitable for printing. A paper sheet that has structural variations in its thickness such as gradients of fibre orientation, density and filler content, will curl and hence assume a cylindrical shape when its humidity content is changed. We propose a method to measure curl that can be used for automated analysis of the paper quality. The shape of the curled paper is measured using a stereoscopic camera system, which is capable of viewing a random pattern that is projected onto the specimen. The shape of the object is found by calculating the perspective difference in the camera set-up using digital image correlation. The quality parameters that are searched for are the magnitude of curl, which is defined as the inverse of the radius of curvature and the orientation of the curled paper. These parameters are estimated by performing a least-squares fit of a cylindrical shape to the three-dimensional measurement data. The least-squares model is non-linear and an iterative technique based on the Gauss–Newton algorithm is used.     

点阵绝对相位彩色多频光栅傅里叶变换轮廓术

提出一种将三角法测距与多频光栅相结合的方法,充分利用数字投影的RGB通道,将多频光栅与点阵同时投影在物体表面,综合控制受高度调制的相位信息的提取,最终获取物体的三维形貌。仿真结果显示,在高度跳变使高频光栅位移达102量级个周期时,可以准确还原原始形貌。通过实验验证,本方法能够同时复原169mm的陡峭高度跳变以及3mm的微小细节,提高了传统双频光栅的性能,具有处理较大截断面和保证细节部分的测量能力,较好地改善了傅里叶变换轮廓术(FTP)的应用性能。     

A study on the 3-D measurement by using digital projection moiré method

Moiré topography method is a well-known non-contacting 3-D measurement method. Recently, the automatic 3-D measurement technique by moiré topography has been developed in order to apply to the engineering and medical fields. The projection moiré topography is very attractive because of its high measuring speed and high sensitivity. In this paper, using the two-wavelength methods of projection moiré topography was investigated to measure the 3-D shape of an object with 2π-ambiguity problems. Rapid measurement can be accomplished by the synchronization between CCD camera and projector. The experimental results prove that the proposed scheme is capable of finding absolute fringe orders, so that the 2π-ambiguity problems can be effectively overcome so as to treat large step discontinuities in measured objects.     

Large-deformation analysis in microscopic area using micro-moiré methods with a focused ion beam milling grating

In this study, the focused ion beam (FIB) milling method is applied to fabricate sub-micron grating on TiNi shape memory alloy materials. With self-made FIB milling gratings, scanning electron microscope (SEM) micro-moiré and digital moiré methods are successfully used to measure large deformation of porous TiNi shape memory alloys (SMA) in uni-axial compressive tests. The principles of the SEM micro-moiré method and digital moiré method are introduced, and applied to calculate large strain. The full field deformation around shear bands can be measured precisely. During the investigation, the phenomenon of furcated moiré fringes was found, and a corresponding explanation is given in this paper. The furcated fringes are generated in the locations of combined shear bands where sudden changes of strain occur. Successful results also verify that the FIB milling gratings are suitable for micro-moiré measurement and can generate high quality moiré fringes.