狭缝节流气体静压轴颈—止推轴承静脉特性分析

在气体静压轴颈－止推轴承的离散化过程中，采用有限元方法，利用加权余量法将其二阶偏微分方程降低一阶，使利用三角单元线性插值函数成为可能，简化了压力分布方程式的计算，给出了轴承的静态特性，分析了结构工艺尺寸、狭缝宽度和轴承间隙等因素对径向和轴向承载性能的影响，揭示了轴颈和止推轴承之间的相互影响规律，并且研究了轴承内部气膜压力分布的规律，最后，通过实测值对计算结果进行了验证。     

加工误差对陀螺电机用动压气体轴承刚度的影响

为了进一步提高精密H型动压气体轴承的刚度性能,着重分析了轴承加工误差对轴承刚度的影响。首先,通过在轴承内部交界处引入压力和流量连续方程,建立可考虑径向、止推轴承相互作用的H型动压气体轴承模型;然后,采用有限单元法进行求解以得到轴承压力分布及刚度等特性;最后,在对模型和计算结果进行实验验证后,对不同加工误差下的轴承刚度进行了研究。分析结果显示,加工误差对轴承刚度影响由强到弱的顺序为轴承间隙、止推板平面度、径向轴承锥度、圆度和止推板垂直度误差,0.2μm的轴承间隙加工误差可使轴承刚度降低20%～25%,而垂直度误差对轴承刚度的影响不大。研究结果为H型动压气体轴承的结构设计和性能提高提供了有益的参考。     

涡轮膨胀机止推轴承－转子系统的振动分析

为了确保涡轮膨胀机止推轴承在受到瞬时冲击时不致发生损坏事故，研究了止推轴承－转子系统的轴向瞬态过程，计算了止推轴承的线性油膜刚度系数和阻尼系数，并对线性和非线性两种情况下的轴向瞬态响应作了分析与比较，为止推轴承；转子系统的可靠性评估提供了科学依据。     

涡轮膨胀机止推轴承—转子系统的振动分析

为了确保涡轮膨胀机止推轴承在受到瞬时冲击时不致发生损坏事故，研究了止推轴承－转子系统的轴向瞬态过程，计算了止推轴承的线性油膜刚度系数和阻尼系数，并对线性和非线性两种情况下的轴向瞬态响应作了分析与比较，为止推轴承－转子系统的可靠性评估提供了科学依据。     

小孔节流空气静压止推轴承平面跨缝试验研究

在航空航天领域的微重力模拟中,空气静压止推轴承在完成平面跨缝试验过程中由于增加了1个时变的出口边界,支撑气膜内部的流场随出口边界位置的变化而发生变化,从而影响止推轴承的静态特性和微振动特性.为了明确跨缝过程中空气静压止推轴承宏观表现出的服役特性,本文中基于静压气体润滑理论,搭建空气轴承平面跨缝的试验台,针对中心供气和三孔均布的圆盘型小孔节流空气静压止推轴承开展试验研究,分析不同供气压力、浮起高度和跨缝位置下轴承的静态特性和微振动特性.研究表明：空气轴承平面跨缝时,相当于支撑气膜增加1个时变的出口边界,因而会出现泄气现象导致承载力减小;当供气孔正对支撑台面间的拼缝时,轴承的自激微振动幅值最小;空气静压轴承在平面跨缝过程中,在相同浮起高度下,随着供气压力增大,轴承的静承载能力和静刚度都有所提高;随着负载增大,过供气孔时的微振动幅值减小.     

基于轴承边界元法的轧机圆锥滚子轴承的载荷研究

采用边界元法对高度非线性的滚动轴承接触问题进行了研究。利用轴承边界单元模拟轴承接触单元,采用赫兹接触理论对滚动体与轴承内外圈的接触宽度进行修正;根据轧机圆锥滚子轴承安装配合时轴承内圈与轧辊、轴承外圈与轴承座均采用松配合的特点,在多物体有摩擦弹性接触的边界元法基础上,编制了四物体有摩擦弹性接触的专用轴承边界元法计算程序;并对轧机四列圆锥滚子轴承进行了数值分析,验证了算法的可行性和有效性。结果表明:四列滚动体上圆锥滚子小端受较大的压力,且滚动体端部压力远大于中部压力;滚动体承受的轴向压力与四列圆锥轴承的锥度分布一致,最大应力出现在第一列滚动体靠近辊身侧的位置;各个滚动体的接触宽度与滚动体上承受的径向载荷分布规律一致,非轴承接触面所受载荷的分布与承受载荷的滚动体的位置相对应。     

用于微重力试验的气磁混合悬吊单元研制

传统被动式跟随悬吊法应用中摩擦干扰力大的问题影响了微低重力试验的精度,本文中结合悬吊法和气浮法的优点,利用气体轴承极低摩擦力的特点,设计了一款气磁混合悬吊单元原理样机,以提高被动式跟随悬吊法微低重力试验的精度.首先介绍了气磁混合悬吊单元的工作原理,对气磁模块的布局方案进行了初选,选择了环形气体止推轴承与中央磁吸力单元组合的结构形式.设计了独特的永磁-电磁模块,并对其电磁吸力特性进行了分析,分析结果显示在气隙厚度为0.65 mm左右时,磁力能够保持在2 kN左右,得到了0.3～1.0 mm气隙长度下混合磁单元的磁力及刚度变化曲线.气体止推轴承采用大块多孔石墨作为节流器,能够在较小的空间尺寸中实现最大的承载能力,应用有限元方法对多孔质气体轴承的承载能力进行了分析,并进行了网格无关性分析,确定了计算模型的规模.对供气压力和渗透率等主要参数的影响规律进行了分析,分析结果显示选定的工作参数可在20μm气膜厚度下实现2 kN的承载.完成了气磁混合悬吊单元的结构设计,并试制了3台样机.针对气浮轴承进行了多孔材料渗透率测试.针对气磁混合悬吊单元,考虑到测试的安全性,设计了倒扣拉力法试验装置进行了气磁混...     

新型环面节流静压气体球轴承压力分布的实验研究

设计了新型环面节流闭式静压气体球轴承及其测试装置,特别是球窝上测压孔的分布位置,介绍了轴承加工工艺及其制造精度的检测结果,以及压力分布测试系统的工作原理,研究了气膜压力分布规律.结果表明,实验结果验证了理论分析方法的正确性.由于研磨工艺的限制使得试验球窝呈喇叭口状,造成球窝边缘的实测压力小于理论计算压力值.轴承的制造误差、模型误差以及计算误差是主要的误差来源,在开发新型结构静压气体球轴承的过程中,轴承的制造工艺以及零件的检测技术非常重要.     

亚微米级颗粒物在气体动压轴承内运动与沉积分析

气体轴承中的多余颗粒物是导致陀螺电机不起动的主要原因。研究颗粒物的吸入、运动沉降以及排出规律,对解决陀螺电机不启动问题具有重要意义。以螺旋槽气体动压止推轴承为研究对象,将气体流场作为连续相,颗粒物作为离散相,通过联立求解气体N-S方程和颗粒物力平衡方程,得到了亚微米级颗粒物在轴承中的运动与沉积规律。分析发现气膜中速度场分布与颗粒物沉积之间的相关性,且与实验结果有较好的一致性;同时,发现槽数为12或13、螺旋角为α=20°左右时颗粒物最容易从轴承中排除,增加槽深和较小槽长也有相同效果。为在生产实践中优化陀螺电机轴承结构参数,降低不启动率提供了理论依据。     

基于连续模型和离散模型的微尺度三维凸台轴承的气体润滑分析

为了考察应用图案化盘片实现超高密度磁存储时磁头/磁盘界面气体润滑设计理论的有效性,本文设计了1种三维凸台轴承构型,分别使用直接模拟蒙特卡罗方法（DSMC）和气体分子薄膜润滑理论（MGL）方法进行了模拟计算,考察了相对滑动速度、轴承最小间隙、凸台高度和入射速度方向对气体轴承压力分布的影响.结果表明：对于三维凸台微尺度气体轴承,MGL方法的计算结果依然与DSMC方法的结果相差不大.存在凸台接触,轴承间隙为零的情况下,气体轴承仍然具有一定的承载能力,且压力分布形状随凸台高度的变化表现出与常规非接触式气体轴承不同的规律.     

局部多孔质气体静压轴向轴承静态特性的数值求解

运用数值方法分析局部多孔质节流气体静压轴向轴承的静态性能,分别建立局部多孔质圆柱塞内的压力分布方程和气体薄膜内的压力分布方程,利用坐标变换将局部多孔质圆柱塞的圆柱坐标与气体薄膜的圆柱坐标转换到同一笛卡儿坐标系,为有限元离散奠定基础.经过有限元推导,求得局部多孔质气体静压轴向轴承的承载能力与静态刚度,并对局部多孔质节流进行试验以验证理论模型的正确性.另外,对局部多孔质节流气体静压轴向轴承和小孔节流气体静压轴向轴承进行对比试验.结果表明:局部多孔质节流和小孔节流静压轴承的承载能力随着气膜厚度的减小而增加;静态刚度随着气膜厚度的增加先增加后减小;局部多孔质节流比小孔节流具有较高的承载能力和静态刚度.     

Actively compensated aerostatic thrust bearing: design,modelling and experimental validation

Active compensation is an effective method for increasing air bearing static and dynamic performance. This paper describes the design, modelling and experimental validation of an actively compensated externally pressurized gas bearing. The active compensation is obtained through the support compensation strategy. With this strategy, the system’s initial working position is restored by compensating for air gap variations through adjustments to the bearing vertical dimension. The described bearing consists in a conventional thrust bearing which is integrated with a multilayer piezoelectric actuator, a compliant mechanism and a digital controller. Nevertheless the non-linear nature of the air system, a simple linear model results to be an effective choice for neighbour of equilibrium conditions. Results demonstrate the good accuracy of the model and the system’s good capacity of rejecting external force disturbances.     

环面节流静压气体球轴承的相似准则

从静压气体润滑基本控制方程组的无量纲化着手,在详细分析静压气体轴承的耦合边界条件及非定常雷诺气体润滑方程特性的基础上,对Constantinescu给出的动压气体轴承相似准则进行补充,得到环面节流静压气体球轴承定常气体润滑膜及非定常气体润滑膜的相似准则.数值实验的结果表明:数值计算结果与相似理论分析结论完全一致;当其它参数不变时,不同球半径的2个球轴承的气膜流场相似;球半径改变对轴承动静态性能的影响可以利用相似理论进行分析.     

Investigation of basic characteristics of the MHD bearing

The load-carrying capacity and the friction torque of a magnetohydrodynamic bearing are calculated. The calculation is made for specified boundaries of the lubricating layer (0, ) with a small magnitude of the radial gap. It is shown that the presence of an external magnetic field directed along the axis of the bearing and a radial electric field leads to a considerable increase of the load-carrying capacity of the electrically conductive lubricating layer. The condition for which the friction torque on the journal of an MHD bearing vanishes is found.     

Inertia effects in hydromagnetic lubrication

Summary A theoretical investigation of inertia effects on the load capacity of an externally pressurized bearing with an electrically conducting lubricant is presented. It is shown that there is a negative contribution to the load capacity of the bearing by inertia forces. In the presence of an axial magnetic field the absolute value of the load due to inertia forces decreases when the strength of the field increases while in the presence of an axial current, the load due to inertia forces is independent of axial current. At large values of axial magnetic fields and axial currents, it is shown that the inertia forces can be neglected. A numerical example is considered to study the relative importance of inertia and viscous terms.     

Externally pressurized air journal bearing with multiple supply holes

A theoretical analysis is made to predict the load carrying capacity, flow requirement, and stiffness of an externally pressurized air lubricated journal bearing with several supply holes. The load, flow, and stiffness, expressed in dimensionless parameters, are presented for various bearing design parameters and eccentricity ratios. The design procedure of one such bearing either for maximum load capacity or for maximum stiffness is indicated.     

Optimum Gas Journal Bearing with Open Bearing Ends and Feeder Slot

The optimum design of the cylindrical outer contours of a gas journal bearing is obtained using the methods of the calculus of variations with allowance for the lubricant leakage through the bearing ends and the feeder slot when the lubricant mass in the working gap is conserved. The variational problem of designing the clearance shape giving the maximum bearing load capacity is formulated and solved. A modified Elrod-Burgdorfer condition for the pressure is used.     

Inertia effects in externally pressurized bearing with viscoelastic lubricant

A theoretical investigation of inertia effects on the load capacity of an externally pressurized bearing with a visco-elastic lubricant is presented. The methods of iteration and averaged inertia have been employed to find an approximate solution of the resulting non linear differential equation. Graphical representation of results together with those for the case without inertia has been shown. It is found that the elasticity of the liquid increases the load bearing capacity and the pressure at a point in the lubricant film. There is a negative contribution to the load capacity by inertia forces.     

Experimental investigation of bubbly lubricated externally pressurized thrust bearings

Experimental results are presented for a bubbly lubricated externally pressurized circular thrust bearing. The data consists of the measured radial pressure distribution together with the lubricant mass flow rate over a wide range of inlet pressure, air mass flow rate ratio, for an either stationary or rotating bearing.It is shown that the air injection always improves the pressure distribution in the bearing and so can completely avoid the negative pressure generated due to rotational inertia. Also it is shown that the bearing load carrying capacity increases as the injected air mass flow increases, especially at high inlet pressure. The lubricant mass flow rate is reduced by the increase of air mass flow rate and by the decrease of bearing rotational speed.Finally the experimental results described in this paper are in good agreement with the mathematical analysis, based on the homogeneous flow model presented previously.     

高共面/异面抗冲击承载能力的新型蜂窝设计及吸能评估

针对传统蜂窝共面和异面承载能力差距太大的问题,提出了胞壁弓字形弯折蜂窝、层间组合蜂窝和折叠蜂窝等3种新型蜂窝,建立了新型蜂窝的有限元模型并分析了其变形模式和承载能力。结果表明,在相对密度一致的前提下,与传统正六边形蜂窝相比,这3种新构型蜂窝均缩小了共面和异面方向承载能力的差距。其中胞壁弓字形弯折蜂窝的共面/异面承载比提高了21.3倍;层间组合蜂窝两个共面方向承载能力悬殊,承载能力更强的共面方向与异面的承载比值提高了42倍;折叠蜂窝则提高了21.3倍。研究结果可以为抗多向冲击载荷作用下的蜂窝结构设计提供新思路和参考。