性能可调的纵向振动圆锥形超声变幅杆*

提出了一种基于压电效应的性能可调纵向振动圆锥形超声变幅杆,并对其振动性能进行了研究。该变幅杆由传统的圆锥形超声变幅杆和压电陶瓷材料组合而成。论文研究了圆锥变幅杆中压电陶瓷材料的厚度、位置以及电阻抗的改变对变幅杆性能参数的影响,并进行了数值模拟仿真及实验验证。结果表明,通过改变压电陶瓷材料的厚度、位置和电阻抗值,可以实现变幅杆共振频率和位移放大系数的改变。理论计算结果与数值模拟值和实验测试值符合得很好。     

Study on the Langevin piezoelectric ceramic ultrasonic transducer of longitudinal-flexural composite vibrational mode

In this paper, the Langevin longitudinal-flexural composite mode piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer is studied. This type of transducers consists of slender metal rods and longitudinally polarized piezoelectric ceramic rings. The resonance frequency equations for the longitudinal and flexural vibrations in the transducer are derived. By correcting the length of the metal slender rods, the simultaneous resonance of the longitudinal and flexural vibrations in the transducer is acquired. The experimental results show that the measured resonance frequencies of the transducers are in good agreement with the computed ones, and the measured resonance frequencies of the longitudinal and the flexural vibrations in the composite transducers are also in good agreement with each other.     

夹心式纵-扭复合模式压电超声换能器的共振频率

本文对夹心式纵－扭复合振动模式压电超声换能进行了研究，从换能器的等效电路出发，在无耦合时，得出换热能器纵向振动模式及扭转振动模式的各自共振频率方程，实验表明，换能器各自共振频率的测试值与理论计算值基本符合。     

抗性负载超声变幅杆振动特性研究

在负载为纯力抗的状况下，利用纵振型变幅杆等效四端网络，对频率方程和放大系数进行了研究．得到了三类常用变幅杆频率方程和放大系数的表达式；并通过MATLAB编程，分别绘制了三类变幅杆共振频率及放大系数随负载变化的曲线图．这将对超声变幅杆的研究和设计提供一定的理论依据．     

夹心式纵-扭复合模式压电超声换能器的共振频率

本文对夹心式纵-扭复合振动模式压电超声换能器进行了研究．从换能器的等效电路出发，在无耦合时，得出了换能器中纵向振动模式及扭转振动模式的各自共振频率方程．实验表明，换能器各自共振频率的测试值与理论计算值基本符合．     

简易超声波换能器频率测试仪的研究

对超声波换能器频率测试系统进行了探讨，并在此基础上提出了改装设想，分析了所研究的简易超声波换能器频率测试仪的电路原理及实验结果。     

功率超声换能器辐射声功率的激光干涉测量

利用激光干涉仪,绝对测定超声换能器表面的振动位移并由此而确定超声换能器的辐射声功率,对一增幅杆型的超声换能器辐射声功率测量的实验结果表明,在本文的声功率测量范围内,空化对换能器表面的振运移测量影响不大,而且该换能器的电声功率转换效率经实验测定可达到０．４０。     

矩形辐射器压电多频超声换能器的研究

研究了一种具有多个共振频率的矩形辐射器夹心式超声换能器,换能器由圆柱形后盖板、压电陶瓷晶堆及矩形六面体辐射器前盖板组合而成。利用表观弹性法和一维近似理论给出了多频换能器横向及纵向理论共振频率方程。对一种特殊情况下的此类换能器进行了有限元及实验分析,给出了各自的频率输入导纳曲线。对理论和实验结果进行分析后表明,此类矩形辐射器夹心式超声换能器可以在不同的振动模态上工作,具有多个共振频率.     

Study of the sandwiched piezoelectric ultrasonic torsional transducer

The sandwiched piezoelectric ultrasonic torsional transducer was studied. The transducer consists of front and back metal cylinders, and coaxially segmented, tangentially polarized, piezoelectric ceramic tubes. The torsional vibration of the tangentially polarized piezoelectric ceramic slender tube was studied first and its electromechanical equivalent circuit was derived. Based on the network theory and the electromechanical equivalent circuit, the torsional vibration of the piezoelectric ceramic cylinder, formed by stacking a number of identical short piezoelectric ceramic rings, was analysed and the electromechanical equivalent circuit of the piezoelectric ceramic stack in torsional vibration was developed. Finally, the sandwiched ultrasonic torsional transducer was studied and resonance frequency equations were derived which can be used to design and calculate the torsional transducers for different applications.     

Modeling of a high frequency ultrasonic transducer using periodic structures

Solidly mounted integrated transducers with a Bragg cell inserted between the piezoelectric film and the substrate are investigated for high frequency ultrasonic applications. A numerically stable recursive one dimensional transmission/reflection model was used to analyze the behavior of the periodic structure. This theoretical analysis includes the study of the influence of the acoustic properties of the constitutive layer, the effect of the number of cells and their arrangement. A 35 MHz integrated transducer consisting in a PZT ceramic laid down on a Au/PZT Bragg cell deposited on a porous substrate was fabricated and characterized. Both theoretical and experimental results highlight the interest of using a periodic structure for high frequency ultrasonic applications.     

Load characteristics of high power sandwich piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers

Based on the equivalent circuit theory, the load characteristics of high power piezoelectric ultrasonic sandwich transducers are studied. Two types of loads are studied. One is liquid load as in ultrasonic cleaning, and the other is solid load as in ultrasonic drilling and machining. The effect of load and structure of the transducer on the resonance frequency of the transducer is analyzed. It is shown that the effect of load on the resonance frequency of sandwich transducers with different structures is different. For liquid load as in ultrasonic cleaning, the effect of the load on the resonance frequency of the sandwich transducer with symmetrical structure is the largest. It is the smallest for the transducer with its displacement node in the back metal cylinder. For solid load as in ultrasonic drilling and machining, the effect of the load on the resonance frequency of the sandwich transducer with its displacement node in the front metal cylinder is the largest. It is also the smallest for the transducer with its displacement node in the back metal cylinder. On the other hand, for some applications, such as ultrasonic drilling, when the lateral dimension of the tool is much less than that of the transducer, its effect on the resonance frequency of the transducer is small. The conclusions are useful in designing vibrating systems for different ultrasonic applications.     

Simple method for measuring vibration amplitude of high power airborne ultrasonic transducer: Using thermo-couple

Vibration amplitude of transducer’s elements is the influential parameters in the performance of high power airborne ultrasonic transducers to control the optimum vibration without material yielding. The vibration amplitude of elements of provided high power airborne transducer was determined by measuring temperature of the provided high power airborne transducer transducer’s elements. The results showed that simple thermocouples can be used both to measure the vibration amplitude of transducer’s element and an indicator to power transmission to the air. To verify our approach, the power transmission to the air has been investigated by other common method experimentally. The experimental results displayed good agreement with presented approach.     

超声手术刀声学系统设计和实验*

为兼顾阶梯型变幅杆的高放大系数以及曲线过渡变幅杆突变截面处的高疲劳强度,本文提出了一种最速曲线过渡段的超声刀换能器。首先,基于等效电路法,设计了夹心式压电换能器的基本结构。在此基础上,结合超声刀的工作条件和材料特性,对换能器基本结构进行精确设计;然后,利用FEM法和实验法获取了换能器纵振频率以及频率响应曲线,进一步证明了本文所设计换能器的有效性;最后,对所设计的换能器进行了一系列测试,结果表明：测定了无负载换能器谐振频率与输出端振幅,与设计目标、仿真结果相吻合;连接负载后凝血,切割效果良好。     

磁致伸缩超声换能器阻抗匹配网络的设计

根据磁致伸缩超声换能器的等效电路模型和阻抗匹配理论,该文设计了一种优化的π型匹配网络.该网络具有调谐、变阻和滤波的功能,适用于工作在中低频超声频率范围内的磁致伸缩超声换能器系统的阻抗匹配.仿真和实验结果表明:接入该π型阻抗匹配网络后,驱动电源与换能器之间实现了最大功率传输,换能器两端电信号的波形质量得到优化,换能器激励...     

电容MEMS超声换能器研究进展

MEMS(micro-electromechanical systems)超声换能器(MEMS ultrasonic transducer,简称MUT)是采用微电子和微机械加工技术制作的新型超声换能器。与传统超声换能器相比,MUT具有体积小、重量轻、成本低、功耗低、可靠性高、频率控制灵活、频带宽、灵敏度高以及易于与电路集成和实现智能化等特点。是超声换能器的重要的研究方向之一。MUT的研究主要包括压电MUT(piezoelectric MUT,简称PMUT)和电容MUT(capacitiveMUT,简称CMUT)两个方面。本文概述了CMUT研究的发展进程和研究成果,展望了CMUT的研究和应用前景。     

Study on the radial composite piezoelectric ceramic transducer in radial vibration

A new type of radial composite piezoelectric transducer in radial vibration is developed and analyzed. The radial composite transducer consists of a piezoelectric ceramic thin ring polarized in the thickness direction and a metal thin circular ring. They are connected together and excited to vibrate in the radial direction. The radial vibrations of a piezoelectric ceramic thin ring and a metal thin circular ring are analyzed, respectively. Their radial electro-mechanical equivalent circuits are obtained. Based on the electro-mechanical equivalent circuits and using the boundary conditions between the piezoelectric ceramic thin ring and the metal thin circular ring in the radial direction, the electro-mechanical equivalent circuit of the radial composite piezoelectric transducer is derived out and the resonance frequency equation is obtained. The relationship between the resonance frequency and the geometrical dimensions of the transducer is analyzed. Some radial composite piezoelectric transducers are designed and manufactured. The resonance frequencies and the anti-resonance frequencies, the electro-mechanical equivalent circuit parameters are measured. The effective electro-mechanical coupling coefficient and the mechanical quality factor are calculated. It is illustrated that the measured radial resonance frequencies are in good agreement with the theoretical results from the resonance frequency equation.     

Study on the prestressed sandwich piezoelectric ceramic ultrasonic transducer of torsional-flexural composite vibrational mode

Based on the classical torsional and flexural vibrational theory of a slender rod, the prestressed sandwich torsional-flexural composite mode piezoelectric ceramic ultrasonic transducer is studied. This type of transducer consists of the slender metal rods and the longitudinally and tangentially polarized piezoelectric ceramic rings. The resonance frequency equations for the torsional and flexural vibrations in the transducers are derived. The simultaneous resonance of the torsional and flexural vibrations in the transducer is acquired by correcting the length of the metal slender rods resulting from the piezoelectric ceramic elements. The experimental results show that the measured resonance frequencies of the transducers are in good agreement with the computed ones, and the measured resonance frequencies of the torsional and the flexural vibrations in the composite transducers are also in good agreement with each other.     

Review of the design of power ultrasonic generator for piezoelectric transducer

The power ultrasonic generator (PUG) is the core device of power ultrasonic technology (PUT), and its performance determines the application of this technology in biomedicine, semiconductor, aerospace, and other fields. With the high demand for sensitive and accurate dynamic response in power ultrasonic applications, the design of PUG has become a hot topic in academic and industry. However, the previous reviews cannot be used as a universal technical manual for industrial applications. There are many technical difficulties in establishing a mature production system, which hinder the large-scale application of PUG for piezoelectric transducers. To enhance the performance of the dynamic matching and power control of PUG, the studies in various PUT applications have been reviewed in this article. Initially, the demand design covering the piezoelectric transducer application and parameter requirements for ultrasonic and electrical signals is overall summarized, and these parameter requirements have been recommended as the technical indicators of developing the new PUG. Then the factors affecting the power conversion circuit design are analyzed systematically to realize the foundational performance improvement of PUG. Furthermore, advantages and limitations of key control technologies have been summarized to provide some different ideas on how to realize automatic resonance tracking and adaptive power adjustment, and to optimize the power control and dynamic matching control. Finally, several research directions of PUG in the future have been prospected.     

采用单个压电传感器的单模式兰姆波激发频率的选择

考虑了压电传感器(PZT)与板之间的耦合作用,从理论上研究了单个压电传感器激发时产生单模式兰姆波的频率调节方法,实验给出了模式选择在兰姆波结构健康监测中的应用. 在板材、板厚以及PZT尺寸一定的情况下,从理论上能够预测到作为频率函数的各兰姆波模式的幅值变化. 根据某特定兰姆波模式的幅值最大而其他模式幅值相对最小时所对应的频率,即可识别出该兰姆波模式优化的激发频率. 数值仿真验证了理论的有效性以及单模式兰姆波选择的可能性. 在不同的激发频率下,分别激发了优化的A0 模式,优化的S0模式以及共存的A0和S0模 关键词： 兰姆波 压电传感器 激发频率 结构健康监测     

Determining the optimal pre-tightening force of a sandwich transducer by measuring resonance resistance

The pre-tightening force applied on a sandwich transducer plays a key role on the transducer’s vibration performance. Typically, a transducer’s optimal pre-tightening force is not known during assembly. The objective of this study is to examine a method for determining the optimal pre-tightening force for a sandwich transducer. We propose that the transducer’s optimal pre-tightening force can be measured indirectly through the resonance resistance. Resonance resistance is an equivalent electric parameter which reflects the transducer’s mechanical energy loss, and can be measured easily using an impedance analyzer. The relationship between resonance resistance and the pre-tightening force is analyzed both theoretically and experimentally. Measurement of resonance resistance based on transducer’s admittance circle is studied. Experiments involving this relationship are conducted. Results indicate that the front-end surface amplitude of the sandwich transducer reaches a maximum when the pre-tightening force is optimal, the resonance resistance tends to a minimum, but with a small offset. This indicates that the minimum value of resonance resistance corresponds closely to the highest vibration amplitude of the transducer, but not exactly. Thus, by determining the minimum resonance resistance, the optimal pre-tightening force can be determined.