高效毛细管电泳胶束溶剂堆积法检测鸡蛋中磺胺甲噻二唑、磺胺二甲氧嘧啶和磺胺对甲氧嘧啶的药物残留

采用胶束溶剂堆积法(MSS)在线富集模式,建立了高效毛细管电泳(HPCE)检测鸡蛋中3种磺胺类药物(磺胺甲噻二唑、磺胺二甲氧嘧啶和磺胺对甲氧嘧啶)残留的检测方法。讨论了MSS法的技术要点和方法路线的改进效果,并提供了一个性能稳定的连续多层离子聚合物(SMIL)涂层的制备方法。采用40 mmol/L三羟甲基氨基甲烷(Tris)-30 mmol/L乙酸-50%甲醇作为背景缓冲液,20 mmol/L Tris-15 mmol/L乙酸作为样品与胶束溶液的基质,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)胶束溶液用于样品区带扫集。在优化后条件下,线性相关系数r~2=0.999,LOD均为约1.0 ng/mL。     

胶体金免疫层析法对组织样品中磺胺甲噁唑残留的快速检测

研究了用于快速检测组织样品中磺胺甲噁唑残留的胶体金免疫层析检测试剂.采用免疫竞争法,将抗磺胺甲噁唑多克隆抗体-胶体金复合物包被在胶体金结合垫上,同时将人工合成的磺胺甲噁唑抗原包被在硝酸纤维素薄膜表面作为检测线(T线),将抗磺胺甲噁唑多克隆抗体的羊抗兔二抗包被在硝酸纤维素薄膜表面作为质控线(C线).T线的人工抗原与待测样品中的磺胺甲噁唑竞争结合胶体金标记的磺胺甲噁唑多克隆抗体,通过T线与C线的显色对比读出结果.采用该检测试剂检测组织试样时,定量下限可达20 μg/L,整个检测过程只需3 ～5 min,且与磺胺嘧啶、磺胺二甲基嘧啶、盐酸克伦特罗、四环素、青霉素、链霉素无交叉反应.检测试剂具有较高的灵敏度及特异性,操作便捷,稳定可靠,可作为组织中磺胺甲噁唑残留现场监控的有效筛检手段.     

甲氧苄啶分子印迹涂层搅拌棒在复杂样品痕量甲氧苄啶和磺胺药物分析中的应用(英文)

研制了甲氧苄啶分子印迹吸附萃取搅拌棒涂层,并应用于复杂样品中痕量甲氧苄啶和磺胺药物的分析。分子印迹涂层的厚度约为21.5μm,相对标准偏差为5.9%(n=10),涂层均匀、致密,具有良好的热稳定性和化学稳定性。分子印迹涂层的萃取容量是非印迹涂层萃取容量的1.7倍,分子印迹涂层对抗菌增效剂、磺胺药物、三嗪化合物和甲氨蝶呤都表现出良好的选择性吸附萃取能力。建立了分子印迹吸附萃取搅拌棒联用高效液相色谱的分析方法,成功应用于加标尿样和血浆中痕量甲氧苄啶的分析,线性范围为5～200μg/L,检出限为1.6μg/L,在尿样和血浆中的回收率范围分别为84.5%～91.7%和71.9%～85.1%,标准偏差分别为2.9%～4.4%和3.0%～7.3%。该方法还应用于加标牛奶中痕量磺胺药物的分析,线性范围为10～200μg/L,检出限在4.5～6.1μg/L之间,回收率为83.2%～110.2%,标准偏差为4.1%～8.0%.     

超高效液相色谱法检测化妆品中的12种磺胺抗生素

建立了采用超高效液相色谱(UPLC)-二极管阵列检测器（PDA）测定化妆品中12种常见的磺胺抗生素(磺胺、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、磺胺醋酰、磺胺甲基异唑、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺二甲异唑、磺胺噻唑、磺胺二甲氧嘧啶、磺胺甲基嘧啶、磺胺喹啉、磺胺二甲嘧啶、磺胺硝苯)的方法。采用Acquity UPLCTM BEHC C18 色谱柱(50 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm),流动相为乙腈/0.1%的甲酸水溶液,梯度洗脱。样品经提取、反萃取后,用UPLC-PDA进行分析检测,结合保留时间和紫外光谱进行定性分析,定量检测波长268 nm。12种磺胺的检出限(S/N=3)均为1 μg/g,定量下限(S/N=10)为2～3 μg/g,在1～25 mg/L(磺胺硝苯为0.5～12.5 mg/L)范围内,峰面积和质量浓度的线性关系良好(r>0.9997)。添加水平为40, 8 μg(磺胺硝苯为20, 4 μg)时,12种磺胺的平均回收率分别为86.8%～98.1%和80.1%～96.9%,相对标准偏差小于10%(n=6)。结果表明该方法简单,分离效果好,速度快,能够满足检测化妆品中12种常见的磺胺抗生素的需要。     

基于复合型微流控芯片的紫外检测毛细管电泳系统

提出了一种基于芯片-毛细管复合装置的紫外检测-微流控芯片毛细管电泳分析系统.采用小死体积的耦合技术实现了石英毛细管与“十”字通道型微流控玻璃芯片的耦合.本系统的紫外检测灵敏度与商品化毛细管电泳仪相当.采用夹流进样方式,达到较高的进样重现性,2mmol/L苯甲酸的峰高相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.5%(n=11).可用于复方磺胺甲唑片剂的两种有效成分的快速分离.     

毛细管区带电泳化学发光法测定食品中残留的磺胺类药物

基于碱性介质中,磺胺类药物对Ag(Ⅲ)配合物与鲁米诺(Luminol,Lu)化学发光体系的发光强度有抑制作用,建立了毛细管电泳-化学发光分离检测磺胺甲噁唑(Sulfamethoxazole,SMZ)、磺胺二甲氧嘧啶(Sulfadimethoxine,SDM)、磺胺噻唑(Sulfathiazole,ST)的方法.3种磺胺类药物经毛细管电泳分离后,分别与Ag(Ⅲ)配合物和鲁米诺化学发光体系作用,以相对迁移时间定性,相对化学发光强度定量,采用标准曲线法测定样品中的待测物含量.对影响毛细管电泳的分离与化学发光检测的条件均进行了优化.在最佳分离检测条件下,3种磺胺类药物在2.0 ～ 200 μg/mL范围内线性良好(r＞0.9977).对3种磺胺类药物平行测定7次,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.3％～1.9％,3种磺胺类物质的检出限分别为0.33,0.20和0.034 μg/mL,加标回收率为80.2％ ～ 102.9％.将本方法应用于猪肉、鸡肉、牛奶中的3种磺胺类药物残留量检测,结果令人满意.     

高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱法测定动物饲料中的10种磺胺

建立了动物饲料中10种常用磺胺(磺胺嘧啶、磺胺吡啶、磺胺甲基嘧啶、磺胺-5-甲氧嘧啶、磺胺二甲基嘧啶、磺胺甲氧哒嗪、磺胺甲基异唑、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、磺胺间二甲氧嘧啶(SDM)和磺胺喹啉(SQX))的高效液相色谱(HPLC)-串联质谱检测方法。样品经提取、固相萃取净化、稀释、HPLC分离后进行质谱分析,在多反应监测模式(MRM)下进行特征母-子离子对信号采集。结合保留时间和离子对信息进行定性分析,以共同碎片离子m/z 156进行定量。10种磺胺的定量检测限(S/N=10)为0.5~2.0 μg/kg,在2.0~200 μg/L(SDM和SQX:1.0~100 μg/L)时峰强度与质量浓度的线性关系良好(r>0.9995)。添加水平为1.0 mg/kg时,10种磺胺的平均回收率范围为70%~92%,日内相对标准偏差小于10%,日间相对标准偏差小于15%。结果表明,该法简单、灵敏,特异性强,适用于饲料中多磺胺组分的分析。     

复方磺胺甲噁唑分散片溶出度方法学研究

建立准确、快速的溶出度测定方法.紫外双波长分光光度法.线性范围磺胺甲噁唑浓度在2.770～16.62μg/mL范围内,r=0.9993;甲氧苄啶浓度在1.260～7.560 μg/mL范围内,r=0.9994;平均回收率分别为磺胺甲噁唑99.65±0.10%,甲氧苄啶100.8±0.55%.本方法能准确、快速地测定复方磺胺甲噁唑分散片的溶出度.     

高效液相色谱法同时测定化妆品中的7种磺胺及甲硝唑和氯霉素

建立了化妆品中7种磺胺(磺胺醋酰、磺胺吡啶、磺胺甲基嘧啶、磺胺二甲嘧啶、磺胺甲氧嘧啶、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、磺胺甲基异唑)和甲硝唑及氯霉素的高效液相色谱测定方法。样品经0.1%甲酸水溶液-乙腈(体积比为8∶2)混合液超声提取后进行液相色谱分析。方法的定量检测限为3～80 μg/g,7种磺胺在20～200 μg/mL时,甲硝唑及氯霉素在40～400 μg/mL时方法的线性关系良好(r≥0.9993)。加标回收率为83.8%～105.3%(7种磺胺的添加水平为50 μg/mL和150 μg/mL,甲硝唑及氯霉素的添加水平为100 μg/mL和300 μg/mL),其相对标准偏差均小于5%。     

分子印迹固相萃取/毛细管电泳法检测牛奶中头孢噻肟残留

采用分子印迹技术,以头孢噻肟(CTX)为模板分子,α-甲基丙烯酸(MAA)为功能单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EGDMA)为交联剂合成了头孢噻肟分子印迹聚合物(CTX-MIP).以该分子印迹聚合物为固相萃取柱填料,毛细管电泳进行检测,建立了分子印迹固相萃取/毛细管电泳检测牛奶中头孢噻肟残留的方法.结果表明,CTX-MIP对CTX具有较高的选择性,萃取效果良好.该方法在CTX为5～ 100 mg/L范围内呈良好线性,相关系数(r2)为0.999 4;3种不同加标水平(10、50、100 mg/L)的回收率分别为78％、84％、86％,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.5％～4.5％,检出限(LOD,S/N≥3)为98.52 μg/L,定量下限(LOQ,S/N≥10)为329.0 μg/L,符合兽药残留分析的要求.     

A novel indirect inhibitive immunoassay for sulfamethoxazole

<正>A new indirect inhibitive immunoassay using surface plasmon resonance(SPR) coupled with molecularly imprinted polymer(MIP) was developed.A sulfamethoxazole(SMX) MIP coating capillary was produced and used as an in-tube solid phase extraction(SPE) device.The MIP coating formed a nanometer film on the inner wall of the capillary.The anti-SMX mono-antibody was inhibited by SMX extracted by the MIP coating in a dose-dependent manner.The calibration curve was generated by linear fit over the range of 0.04-10.00 ng/mL.The limit of detection was 0.01 ng/mL.This method has high sensitivity and can be performed automatically.     

Preparation and evaluation of molecularly imprinted solid-phase microextraction fibers for selective extraction of bisphenol A in complex samples

Molecular imprinted polymer (MIP) as solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibers coating has gained great attention in recent years. In this study, a simple preparation approach for bisphenol A (BPA) MIP coating with controlled thickness on fused-silica capillaries was developed. A capillary was inserted into a larger bore capillary to form a sleeve as mold. The prepolymer solution containing the template BPA was introduced into the interspace between the two capillaries for polymerization under photoirradiation. The larger bore capillary was removed away after the polymerization, and MIP coating with certain thickness on the surface of the inserted capillary was obtained. SPME conditions based on the MIP-coated fibers were optimized, and the extraction performance of the fibers with different thickness coating was compared. Finally, the MIP fibers were used for selective extraction of BPA spiked in tap water, human urine, and milk samples. The average recoveries of spiked BPA in the three samples were 92.5%, 81.6%, and 87.5%, respectively. The present analytical performance is not up to par for applicability to real environmental matrices. Further improvement will be necessary for analysis of real complex samples.     

Preparation of temperature sensitive molecularly imprinted polymer for solid-phase microextraction coatings on stainless steel fiber to measure ofloxacin

A kind of new temperature sensitive molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) with ofloxacin (OFL) as template was prepared for the coating of solid phase microextraction (SPME). Dopamine was self-polymerized on stainless steel fiber (SSF) as the SPME support followed by silanization. Then MIP was synthesized as SPME coating on the modified SSF in a capillary, with N-isopropyl acrylamide as temperature sensitive monomer and methacrylic acid as functional monomer. The synthesis could be well repeated with multiple capillaries putting in the same reaction solution. The obtained MIP fiber was evaluated in detail with different techniques and various adsorption experiments. At last the MIP fiber was used to extract the OFL in milk. Satisfied recoveries between 89.7 and 103.4% were obtained with the limit of quantification (LOQ_LC) of 0.04 μg mL⁻¹ by the method of SPME coupled with high performance of liquid chromatography (HPLC).     

Determination of Human Serum Protein by Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Derivatized

Determination of human serum protein by molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) derivatized inner wall of capillary coupling of capillary‐electrophoresis was successfully developed. The vinyl groups were introduced onto the silica by immobilization of ‐methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane. Then the MIP coating was copolymerized and anchored onto the surface of the silica. The other preparation conditions, such as monomer concentration, temperature, and time of polymerization, were systematically studied. The obtained MIP‐derivatized capillary was applied to capillary electrophoresis, which was used for the separation and determination of human serum protein. The optimization of the experimental conditions was determined by evaluating various controlling factors: running buffer pH = 9.6, 0.1 mol L^‐1 boric acid‐sodium borate, separation voltage 30 kV, temperature 25 °C, detected wavelength 192 nm.     

Surface Plasmon Resonance‐based Inhibitive Immunoassay Coupled with Dummy Template Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Solid Phase Extraction for On‐line Analysis of Trace Clenbuterol

A new indirect inhibitive immunoassay using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) coupled with molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was developed and applied for the analysis of trace clenbuterol (CL). A MIP coating using phenylephrine as the dummy template was synthesized in a flexible quartz capillary (30 cm×0.25 mm i.d.) by in situ polymerization technique, which then was used as the online solid phase extraction (SPE) tube before SPR detection. The thickness of the coating was 198 nm on average, illustrated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) image. The mechanism for adsorption of CL on dummy template MIP was found to be a Freundlich isotherm and pseudo‐second‐order model. The immunoassay was conducted on BIAcore 3000 biosensor automatically without pre‐treatment. The calibration curve was generated by linear fit in the range of 0.1–10 ng L^‐1 and 10–100 ng L^‐1. The detection limit was 0.1 ng L^–1, which is super sensitive. This method was directly applied for the analysis of real‐world samples without pretreatment.     

Electroosmotic pump‐supported molecularly imprinted monolithic column for capillary chromatographic separation of nitrophenol isomers

In this work, a novel molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) monolithic column with integrated in‐column electroosmotic pump (EOP) was designed and successfully prepared to facilitate the capillary chromatography with MIP column. A silica‐based EOP was synthesized at the detection end of the MIP monolithic capillary column by so‐gel to provide the hydrodynamic driven force for the capillary chromatography. Because of large surface area and low fluidic resistance of the silica monolith,a strong and steady EOF was generated by silica‐based EOP, indicating that the EOP was quite compatible with MIP capillary column. With the sufficient EOF provided by EOP, the electro‐driven based capillary chromatographic separation of nitrophenol isomers was achieved in 4‐vinylpyridine‐based MIP monolithic capillary, which was originally proved infeasible because of the EOF shortage. No significant influence upon the specific recognition of the MIP was found due to the setting of EOP after the detection window of the column. The influence of experimental parameters on the EOF such as voltage and pH value of running buffer was investigated. The column was also evaluated by capillary liquid chromatographic mode to compare with EOP‐driven capillary chromatography. Higher column efficiency was obtained by EOP‐driven separation with improved peak shape. The results suggested that EOP‐supported technique would be a good way to solve the problem of weak EOF generation in electro‐driven capillary chromatography.     

Robust open tubular layer of S-ketoprofen imprinted polymer for chiral LC separation

This study is about the preparation of an open tubular capillary column of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) and its application to chiral separation by microLC. A non-covalent in-situ molecular imprinting polymerization protocol was used to synthesize the S-ketoprofen MIP. A special procedure was employed to secure formation of an open tubular and rigid MIP layer in a silica capillary of 100 microm id. The capillary was filled with the reaction mixture, sealed, and placed in a water bath at 50 degrees C for 3 h. Then it was flushed with a 0.5 MPa nitrogen flow for 5 min, and was again placed in the water bath for 2 h to complete MIP formation. Methacrylic acid (MAA) has been known to be an inefficient functional monomer in preparation of MIP of an acid molecule. However, MAA was used with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate in preparation of the S-ketoprofen MIP in this study. The open tubular structure and the microLC mode of separation enabled free optimization without any restriction, thus a very good resolution (R=4.7) of ketoprofen enantiomers was achieved when a mobile phase composed of 30% acetonitrile and 70% acetate buffer at pH 4.5 was used with 5 mbar inlet pressure. This may be partially attributed to the open tubular structure of our MIP, enabling low column back-pressure and free optimization of eluent composition, as well as to the small capillary dimensions. Our MIP capillary column also showed some versatility in chiral separation, thus a good chiral separation was observed for naproxen, ibuprofen, and fenoprofen enantiomers.     

Use of experimental design and effective mobility calculations to develop a method for the determination of antimicrobials by capillary electrophoresis

A capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method for the determination of chloramphenicol (CLP), danofloxacin (DANO), ciprofloxacin (CIPRO), enrofloxacin (ENRO), sulfamethazine (SMZ), sulfaquinoxaline (SQX) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is described. For the development, the effective mobilities were estimated and a central composite design was performed. The method was in-house validated for CLP, CIPRO, ENRO and SMX determination in pharmaceuticals. In comparison with the HPLC method recommended by the United States Pharmacopoeia, this CZE method exhibited the same performance, with the advantage that seven different antimicrobials in pharmaceutical formulations could be simultaneously determined.     

Approaches to molecular imprinting based selectivity in capillary electrochromatography

The work done during the past decade in order to adapt molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) to the capillary format and subsequently use these highly selective matrices for capillary electrochromatography (CEC) are reviewed in this article. MIPs are prepared utilizing a templated polymer synthesis where the template addresses the selectivity of the resulting polymer. These polymers possess binding characteristics that are comparable to the biological antibodies. Due to the polyclonality of the binding sites in the MIP, the separation result in severe peak broadening and tailing when performed in the isocratic mode. This was seen early in the development of MIPs as selective stationary phases in liquid chromatography (LC). As a mean of decreasing these problems, much effort was put into adapting the MIP to fit in CEC systems, that offers an efficiency that is superior to that in LC. Aiming to increase the efficiency of the MIP-CEC systems, different MIP formats have been developed that can be divided into three conceptually different categories, i.e., the monolithic, the microparticle and the coating. The strive for MIP formats that can be used in small bore capillaries has led to the development of MIP formats applicable to miniaturized systems approaching the chip format. Although prepared in order to perform MIP-CEC mediated separations, these formats can be used in a broad range of applications were the characteristics of the MIP, e.g. stability, selectivity and cost efficiency, could offer an interesting solution to cover the needs.     

Preparation and evaluation of molecularly imprinted polymers based on 9-ethyladenine for the recognition of nucleotide bases in capillary electrochromatography

A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) comprising 9-ethyladenine was polymerized in situ inside the capillary for the electrochromatographic separation of nucleotide bases. The capillary wall was first functionalized with 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl methacrylate (10% v/v) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (0.01% w/v) in toluene. Following this treatment, the capillary was filled with acetonitrile containing 9-ethyladenine, methacrylic acid, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and initiator. After polymerization, the MIP was shrunk into a film against the inner wall of the capillary with the syringe pump. The template was then removed with methanol under nitrogen flow. For evaluation the feasibility of the MIP column for the separation of nucleotide bases, some parameters including the pH, concentration of the background electrolyte, the applied voltage as well as the effect of organic modifier were studied. The migration behavior of nucleotide bases on the MIP column was also compared with that on the bare fused-silica column. The results indicated that the MIP columns demonstrated better recognition properties at a pH range of 6-8. The efficiency (plates/m) at pH 8 for the nonimprinted analyte was 75,300 for cytosine, 50,200 for thymine, and 14,800 for guanine. However, the efficiency for the imprinted analyte, adenine, was quite low. This was evidenced by the broad peak, yielding only 2600 plates/m.