Imaging the Transverse (Spin) Structure of Hadrons

Parton distributions in impact parameter space, which are obtained by Fourier transforming GPDs, exhibit a significant deviation from axial symmetry when the target and/or quark are transversely polarized. Connections between this deformation and transverse single-spin asymmetries as well as with quark–gluon correlations are discussed. The sign of transverse deformation of impact parameter dependent parton distributions in a transversely polarized target can be related to the sign of the contribution from that quark flavor to the nucleon anomalous magnetic moment. Therefore, the signs of the Sivers function for u and d quarks, as well as the signs of quark–gluon correlations embodied in the polarized structure function g ₂ can be understood in terms of the proton and neutron anomalous magnetic moments.     

Coefficients of Kinematic Interaction between Excited Vibrational States

Within the framework of an algebraic perturbation method for eigenvalues and eigenvectors and using a theory of projectors, the structure parameters of excited molecular vibrations are investigated. To do this, formulas for the higherorder elements of the vibrationform tensor have been obtained on the basis of which and in conformity with the order of the perturbation theory the changes in the intramolecular dynamic parameters and in the coefficients of the kinematic interaction between the excited vibrational states are determined.     

Extrapolation of the Bound-State Energy within the SS-HORSE Method

Physics of Atomic Nuclei - A new method for extrapolating bound-state energies obtained in a harmonic-oscillator basis is proposed. This method also makes it possible to calculate asymptotic...     

Studies on the Bound-State Spectrum of Hyperbolic Potential

Bound states of hyperbolic potential is investigated by means of a generalized pseudospectral method. Significantly improved eigenvalues, eigenfunctions are obtained efficiently for arbitrary n, ? quantum states by solving the relevant non-relativistic Schrödinger equation allowing a non-uniform, optimal spatial discretization. Eigenvalues accurate up to tenth decimal place are reported for a large range of potential parameters; thus covering a wide range of interaction. Excellent agreement with available literature results is observed in all occasions. Special attention is paid for higher states. Some new states are given. Energy variations with respect to parameters in the potential are studied in considerable detail for the first time.     

Analytical Interaction of the Acoustic Wave and Turbulent Flame

A modified resonance model of a weakly turbulent flame in a high-frequency acoustic wave is derived analytically. Under the mechanism of Darrieus-Landau instability, the amplitude of flame wrinkles, which is as functions of the expansion coefficient and the perturbation wave number, increases greatly independent of the stationary＇ turbulence. The high perturbation wave number makes the resonance easier to be triggered but weakened with respect to the extra acoustic wave. In a closed burning chamber with the acoustic wave induced by the flame itself, the high perturbation wave number is to restrain the resonance for a realistic flame.     

Covariant Description of the Interaction of an Electromagnetic Field with Hadrons, Taking into Account Spin Polarizabilities

The covariant Lagrangian of the interaction of an electromagnetic field with polarizable spin hadrons has been constructed invoking sequentially the principle of correspondence between relativistic electrodynamics of moving media and relativistic quantum field theory and taking into account the cross-symmetry condition. It has been shown that for 1/2-spin hadrons, to the third order in radiation frequency, the contribution to the effective Lagrangian is from the spin polarizabilities.     

Looking into the Matter of Light-Quark Hadrons

In tackling QCD, a constructive feedback between theory and extant and forthcoming experiments is necessary in order to place constraints on the infrared behaviour of QCD’s β-function, a key nonperturbative quantity in hadron physics. The Dyson–Schwinger equations provide a tool with which to work toward this goal. They connect confinement with dynamical chiral symmetry breaking, both with the observable properties of hadrons, and hence can plausibly provide a means of elucidating the material content of real-world QCD. This contribution illustrates these points via comments on: in-hadron condensates; dressed-quark anomalous chromo- and electro-magnetic moments; the spectra of mesons and baryons, and the critical role played by hadron-hadron interactions in producing these spectra.     

The Barbieri-Remiddi Solution of the Bound-State Problem in QED

We derive the so-called Barbieri-Remiddi solution of the Bethe-Salpeter equation in QED in its general form and discuss its application to the bound-state energy spectrum.     

Masses of Ground- and Excited-State Hadrons

We present the first Dyson–Schwinger equation calculation of the light hadron spectrum that simultaneously correlates the masses of meson and baryon ground- and excited-states within a single framework. At the core of our analysis is a symmetry-preserving treatment of a vector–vector contact interaction. In comparison with relevant quantities the root-mean-square-relative-error/degree-of freedom is 13%. Notable amongst our results is agreement between the computed baryon masses and the bare masses employed in modern dynamical coupled-channels models of pion-nucleon reactions. Our analysis provides insight into numerous aspects of baryon structure; e.g., relationships between the nucleon and Δ masses and those of the dressed-quark and diquark correlations they contain.     

Interaction of Soliton with the Boundary in the Parametrically Excited Water Trough

The interaction of solitary wave with the boundary of the parametrically excited water trough is studied, numerically. Four cases of the interaction found experimentally are verified by the numerical simulation using the Miles' equation. The physical origin of the interaction is also discussed, and a force between the soliton and the boundary is obtained.     

Axial Anomaly and the Triality Symmetry of Leptons and Hadrons

We apply the supersymmetric model of É. Cartan to the pseudoscalar meson decay into two photons, \({\pi_0\to\gamma\gamma}\) , \({\eta\to\gamma\gamma}\) and \({\eta'\to\gamma\gamma}\) . In the book of É. Cartan published in 1966, Dirac spinors ^t (A, B) and ^t (C, D) and vector fields E and E′ were introduced and five supersymmetric transformations G ₂₃, G ₁₂, G ₁₃, G ₁₂₃ and G ₁₃₂ were considered. The Pauli spinor is treated as a quaternion and the Dirac spinor is treated as an octonion. In the pseudoscalar meson decay, when the two final vector fields belong to the same group (EE or E′E′), we call the diagram rescattering diagram. When they belong to different groups (EE′), the diagram is called twisted diagram. Assuming the triality selection rules of octonions, dark matter is interpreted as matter emitting photons in a different triality sector than that of electromagnetic probes in our world.     

On the Decay Analysis of Electroproduced Higher-Spin Hadrons

We study exclusive electroproduction of two hadrons where one or both of the hadrons is a higherspin resonance whose decay is analysed. Interesting electroproduction experiments of this type are discussed. A complete formal apparatus is given for the decay analysis of spin-J particles produced in this way with polarized or unpolarized electron beams and targets. The cases J = 1, 3/2, 2 and 5/2 are worked out in detail. A conventional helicity frame analysis in terms of s-channel helicity amplitudes is given. Also we rearrange the formalism for use in the Gottfried-Jackson frame with everything given in terms of t-channel helicity amplitudes. The t-channel formalism makes it possible to completely separate the contributions from longitudinal and transverse virtual photon t-channel helicity states when only the laboratory azimuthal angle between the lepton and hadron planes is variable.     

Comparison of Relativistic Bound-State Calculations in Front-Form and Instant-Form Dynamics

Using the Wick-Cutkosky model and an extended version (massive exchange) of it, we have calculated the bound states in a quantum field theoretical approach. In the light-front formalism we have calculated the bound-state mass spectrum and wave functions. Using the Terentev transformation we can write down an approximation for the angular dependence of the wave function. After calculating the bound-state spectra we characterized all states found. Similarly, we have calculated the bound-state spectrum and wave functions in the instant-form formalism. We compare the spectra found in both forms of dynamics in the ladder approximation and show that in both forms of dynamics the O(4) symmetry is broken.Received December 23, 2002; accepted March 11, 2003 Published online August 25, 2003     

铍原子的能级和超精细结构的研究

采用多组态相互作用方法及Rayleigh Ritz变分法 ,并考虑相对论修正、质量极化效应等 ,获得了铍原子低激发态 1s2 2s2p3 Po和 1s2 2p2 3 P高精度的相对论能量 .同时还计算了铍原子超精细结构常数 ,与其他理论和实验结果符合得很好. The Rayleigh-Ritz variational method is used with a multiconfiguration-interaction function and restricted variation method to obtain the relativistic energies of 1s 22s2p 3P o and 1s 22p 2 3Pin beryllium, including the mass polarization and relativistic corrections. Hyperfine structure is also studied to compared with theoretical and experiment data in the literature.     

Interaction of Electrons with Atoms in Ground and Excited States; Potential of Interaction,Momentum Transfer Cross-Sections

In this paper the potential of the electron-atom interaction was presented which may be useful both in the case of the ground state of an atom with one optical electron and in the case of the excited state of any atom, and which is given by expressions suitable for operational use. The presented potential is used in calculating the transport cross sections for the elastic electron scattering on the atoms of H, Li and Na respectively, in the ground and excited states.     

The Importance of Boundary Conditions in Solving the Bound-State Bethe-Salpeter Equation

The characteristic of bound-state, Bethe-Salpeter equations that makes them so difficult to solve numerically can be overcome, in some if not many cases, by expanding solutions in terms of basis functions that obey the boundary conditions that are satisfied by the solutions. The utility of such basis functions is demonstrated by calculating the zero-energy, bound-state solutions of a spin-0 boson and a spin-&frac; fermion with unequal masses. The constituents interact via scalar electrodynamics and are described by the Bethe-Salpeter equation in the ladder approximation. Although the Bethe-Salpeter equation that is solved is separable in the zero-energy limit, the feature that typically prevents solutions from being obtained numerically is still present. A technique for calculating boundary conditions, which is readily generalized to other Bethe-Salpeter equations, is discussed in detail.Supported by a grant from the Ohio Supercomputer CenterReceived January 31, 2003; accepted April 4, 2003 Published online August 25, 2003     

Fields and States of Hadrons Extended in the Microscopic Finslerian Space-Time

From a consideration of extended hadron structure in the microlocal anisotropic space-time, the mesonic and baryonic states with their internal quantum numbers such as strangeness, hypercharge, baryon number are constructed. The SU ₃ baryonic multiplets of baryons with spin (j + ) are generated from the SU ₃ mesonic multiplets of mesons with spin j. The meson–baryon mass differences are also derived here. The composite particle field of hadrons for the macroscopic space-time are obtained. In particular, the meson field and one particle meson state are considered here. These one particle hadron states of the macroscopic space-time also possess the quantum numbers (strangeness, hypercharge, etc.) which are regarded as the manifestations of the anisotropic nature of the microlocal space-time. The composite fields constructed here are usable in the reduction formulae of the S-matrix approach for strong interaction.