Geometrical theory of multimode optical fiber-to-fiber connectors

For optical communication to become a reality, it will be necessary to develop both permanent splices and detachable connectors for optical fibers. In this paper, I develop a simple, one-dimensional, geometrical theory with which to calculate losses introduced at a connection by alignment errors or fiber-end separation. I assume the fibers to be illuminated uniformly across the diameter of the core and within the acceptance angle. The calculation is verified with experiment.For typical fibers, the theory shows, not surprisingly, that radial misalignment of the fiber axes is by far the most severe problem. Even fibers with core diameters as large as 100 μm will have to be aligned more precisely than ± 10 μm.     

Fiber Optic Coupling of CW Linear Laser Diode Array

Based on a set of microoptics the output radiation from a continuous wave (CW) linear laser diode array is coupled into a multi-mode optical fiber of 400 μm diameter.The CW linear laser diode array is a 1 cm laser diode bar with 19 stripes with 100 μm aperture spaced on 500 μm centers.The coupling system contains packaged laser diode bar,fast axis collimator,slow axis collimation array,beam transformation system and focusing system.The high brightness,high power density and single fiber output of a laser diode bar is achieved.The coupling efficiency is 65% and the power density is up to 1.03×104 W/cm2.     

Fiber Optic Coupling of CW Linear Laser Diode Array

1　Ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ　　Ｌａｓｅｒｄｉｏｄｅａｒｒａｙ (ＬＤＡ )ｔｈａｔｈａｓｍｕｌｔｉｐｌｅｅｍｉｔｔｉｎｇｒｅｇｉｏｎｓｉｓａｐｅｒｆｅｃｔｄｅｖｉｃｅｔｏａｃｈｉｅｖｅｈｉｇｈｅｒｐｏｗｅｒｏｕｔｐｕｔｓｗｉｔｈａｎｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄｂｒｉｇｈｔｎｅｓｓ.ＴｈｅｈｉｇｈＣＷ ｐｏｗｅｒ ,ｈｉｇｈｂｒｉｇｈｔｎｅｓｓａｎｄｆｉｂｅｒｏｕｔｐｕｔｏｆａｌａｓｅｒｄｉｏｄｅｂａｒｃａｎｂｅａｐｐｌｉｅｄｉｎｍｅｄｉｃｉｎｅ ,ｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｉｎｇ ,ｓｏｌｉｄ ｓｔａｔｅｌａｓ…     

Design for broadband high-efficiency grating couplers

In this Letter, we propose general optimization methods to design broadband high-efficiency grating couplers for planar waveguides. We attribute the coupling bandwidth to the mismatch of effective indices between the diffracted beam and the actual grating structure around the operation wavelength for fiber to waveguide excitation. The coupling bandwidth formula is deduced. A simple parameter-separate optimization procedure is proposed for general layered grating couplers for high coupling efficiency. Using our principle, we optimized a grating coupler for a horizontal slot waveguide operating at wavelength 1.55 μm for TM polarization. The grating coupler has 1 dB bandwidth of 60 nm and coupling efficiency of 65% with incident light from single-mode optical fiber (SMF) at 8°.     

Optical fiber probe based on spherical coupling of light energy for inner-dimension measurement of microstructures with high aspect ratios

An optical fiber probe, based on spherical coupling of light energy, is proposed to transform the lateral displacement of a spherical coupler into the deflection of a light energy center, while the light energy is transmitted in the reverse direction. Therefore, the shadowing effect of a microcavity can be eliminated. The probe has a high displacement sensitivity, allowing precision inner-dimension measurements of microstructures with high aspect ratios. Measurements of microholes and fuel injection nozzles indicate that, for a microstructure with an aspect ratio of up to 15:1, a probing force <1 μN, a resolution of up to 0.05 μm can be achieved using the proposed probe, which is easy to exchange and low cost.     

激光束的锥台光纤传输

 分析了锥台光纤的传输特性,建立了高斯近似模型,采用模场耦合理论,计算了锥台光纤的功率转换效率。并在激光器的输出光波长为532 nm,多模光纤的数值孔径为0.11,纤芯半径为12.5 μm条件下对细端半径分别为（4±1）,（5±1）,（6±1）,（7±1）和（8±1） μm的锥台光纤的转换效率进行了实验测定。提出利用锥台光纤的圆柱形多模光纤部分传输光功率,锥台部分保证光束质量的传输方案,在保证光束质量的同时能传输较高的光功率。     

Measurement of fiber diameter using an edge diode beam of light

The possibility of utilizing an edge diode as a source of light in shadow technique for filament diameter measurement is presented. The diode light beam is scanned across a filament by means of an oscillating optical assembly. The displacement of the scanning assembly when the beam intercepts the filament and casts a shadow on a photodetector is a measure of the outside diameter of the filament. The metrological properties of the method are presented. The inaccuracy of the technique is smaller than ±0.6 μm, in an acceptable range of the fiber lateral displacement equal to about 1 mm.     

Highly efficient fiber-to-chip evanescent coupling based on subwavelength-diameter optical fibers

A novel, compact, and highly efficient fiber-to-chip evanescent coupling structure is proposed based on a subwavelength-diameter fiber. The coupling structure is characterized by a large misalignment tolerance and easy fabrication. The dependence of coupling efficiency on various parameters is calculated and analyzed. The simulation results show that a coupling efficiency as high as 95% can be obtained within a coupling length of <4 μm.     

Simplified coupling power model for fibers fusion

Fiber coupler fabrication used for an optical waveguide requires lossless power for an optimal application. The previous research coupled fibers were successfully fabricated by injecting hydrogen flow at 1 bar and fused slightly by unstable torch flame in the range of 800–1350°C. Optical parameters may vary significantly over wide range physical properties. Coupling coefficient and refractive index are estimated from the experimental result of the coupling ratio distribution from 1% to 75%. The change of geometrical fiber affects the normalized frequency V even for single mode fibers. V is derived and some parametric variations are performed on the left and right hand side of the coupling region. A partial power is modelled and derived using V, normalized lateral phase constant u, and normalized lateral attenuation constant, w through the second kind of modified Bessel function of the l order, which obeys the normal mode and normalized propagation constant b. Total power is maintained constant in order to comply with the energy conservation law. The power is integrated through V, u, and w over the pulling length of 7500 μm for 1-D. The core radius of a fiber significantly affects V and power partially at coupling region rather than wavelength and refractive index of core and cladding. This model has power phenomena in transmission and reflection for an optical switch and tunable filter.     

Multi-coupler side-pumped Yb-doped double-clad fiber laser

The side-coupler of angle polished method, using angle-polished multimode fiber and optical adhesive, is used to efficiently pump an Yb-doped double-clad fiber laser. The maximum coupling efficiency of 78.6% is achieved by the side-coupler for a multimode fiber with a circular core of 200 μm and a double-clad fiber with a 350/400 μm D-shaped inner cladding. While laser diodes (LDs) with three side-couplers are simultaneously used as pump sources, maximum output power of 1.38 W and slope efficiency of 48.9% are demonstrated in the fiber laser system.     

V形高双折射光子晶体光纤特性研究

本文基于全矢量有限元法,设计了一种V形结构高双折射光子晶体光纤,数值分析结果表明:当光纤的包层孔间距Λ为1.0 μm,包层大空气孔D和小空气孔d分别为0.95 μm,0.7 μm时,在波长为1.55 μm处,该光纤的双折射度B达到1.225×10^-2,比传统光纤高约两个数量级. 另外,分别在可见光和近红外波段出现了两个零色散波长,使钛宝石飞秒激光器工作波段(700—980 nm) 处于光纤的反常色散区,为新颖的光子晶体 关键词： 光子晶体光纤 高双折射 有限元法 V形结构     

三种典型结构光子晶体光纤基本特性的比较和分析

应用多极法比较和分析了相同结构参数下的正六边形、正八边形和正十边形光子晶体光纤的色散系数、色散斜率、非线性系数和限制损耗.正六边形光子晶体光纤更适合用于色散补偿和高非线性的研究,在波长0.8 μm处的非线性系数达到了0.37 m^-1·W^-1;正十边形光子晶体光纤更适合用于色散平坦和低限制损耗的研究,在波长0.8 μm处的限制损耗相对正六边形光子晶体光纤减小了约3000个数量级,在1.4—1.65 μm波长范围内,正十边形光纤的色散系数介于-0.07—0.17 p     

石英玻璃微球吸收光谱上的结构共振

通过CO2激光器熔融不同直径的熔锥光纤以得到相应直径的石英玻璃微球,利用此微球和熔锥光纤,构造了球微腔耦合系统。实验中利用光腰直径为3.1μm的熔锥光纤与直径为143.1μm的石英玻璃微球进行耦合,通过最大分辨力为1pm的可调谐半导体激光器对该耦合系统进行光谱扫描,发现石英玻璃微球的吸收光谱中出现分立的结构共振峰。利用光学微球腔理论讨论了石英玻璃微球吸收光谱中的结构共振,并用米氏散射理论公式对一阶TE模共振峰的位置以及它们的间隔进行了计算,共振峰位置实验结果与理论结果的误差仅为0.03%,表明实验与计算结果相符。     

Low-Loss Many-to-One Fiber Couplers with Few or Single-Moded Inputs and a Multi-Mode Output

The coupling of light from a number of few or single-moded fibers into a single multi-mode fiber is analyzed using geometric optics, and simple results demonstrating mode conservation are derived. Coupling from multiple single-mode fibers into a multi-mode fiber is investigated in detail using the overlap integral to determine coupling into each mode of the output fiber as a function of the light phase in the inputs. As well as results with practical relevance to fiber tapped delay-line filters and optical CDMA, the analysis provides pedagogic insight into light propagation and the light-gathering properties of fiber.     

Low-Loss Many-to-One Fiber Couplers with Few or Single-Moded Inputs and a Multi-Mode Output

The coupling of light from a number of few or single-moded fibers into a single multi-mode fiber is analyzed using geometric optics, and simple results demonstrating mode conservation are derived. Coupling from multiple single-mode fibers into a multi-mode fiber is investigated in detail using the overlap integral to determine coupling into each mode of the output fiber as a function of the light phase in the inputs. As well as results with practical relevance to fiber tapped delay-line filters and optical CDMA, the analysis provides pedagogic insight into light propagation and the light-gathering properties of fiber.     

基于mini-bar的光纤耦合实验研究

基于mini-bar的光纤耦合是一种进一步提高二极管激光器光纤耦合系统出光亮度的有效方法。本文对Osram公司的一款连续60 W mini-bar的发光特性进行了实验研究,选用的mini-bar在工作电流60 A时输出功率60 W,电光转换效率最大为60%,中心波长973.7 nm,慢轴发散角为9.3（1/e2）。分析了其慢轴准直的特性,了解慢轴准直透镜的选择原则。器件准直后的慢轴发散角为47.6 mrad。通过对光束参量积的计算了解到mini-bar的光束可以直接耦合进入600 m的光纤,并进行了单片mini-bar的耦合实验,得到准直系统与耦合透镜组的传输效率为83%~85%,光纤的耦合效率为86%~93%,整个系统的光光效率大于72%。     

Characteristics of WDM Couplers Based on 80 μμ m Cladding Fiber

We have fabricated 1310/1550 and 1480/1550nm WDM couplers using a fiber of 80 μm cladding diameter,whose tapering length is shortened by 4～8mm for the identical coupling strength compared to those of 125μm cladding fibers. We also report their splicing loss to conventional single mode fibers.     

128 W单频线偏振光纤放大器特性研究

高功率单频激光在激光雷达、光谱学、精密测量等领域具有广阔的应用前景.采用中心波长为1064 nm、光谱线宽为20 kHz、偏振消光比（PER）高于20 dB的单频线偏振分布式反馈光纤激光器做种子源（尾纤输出功率约为10 mW）,利用种子注入主振荡功率光纤放大技术,通过两级级联放大实现了128 W高功率单频、线偏振、近衍射极限单模连续激光输出.主放大器光-光效率达到83%,PER高于12 dB.采用分段温控技术有效地提高了光纤中的受激布里渊散射（SBS）阈值,实验中未观察到明显的放大自发辐射和SBS现象,进 关键词： 掺Yb光纤放大器 主振荡功率光纤放大 单频 线偏振     

高峰值功率脉冲激光与石英光纤耦合的空气击穿问题

 研究了15 MW峰值功率脉冲激光与600 μm芯径石英光纤耦合中存在的空气击穿现象。对聚焦区域的空气击穿现象进行了理论和实验研究,测得空气击穿阈值为0.79×10⁹ W/cm²。测得固体介质的激光损伤阈值为2.12×10⁹ W/cm²,与理论计算结果相符。提出了七合一光纤耦合器用于解决空气击穿的办法,实验测得7根光纤并束的耦合效率为67.21%。结果表明光纤耦合器可有效解决15 MW峰值功率脉冲激光与600 μm芯径石英光纤的耦合。     

高功率高光束质量脉冲Nd: YAG激光器

 以实现高功率、高光束质量的脉冲激光输出为目的,对非对称平-凹谐振腔的结构进行了理论分析。设计出了高功率、高光束质量非对称放置的平-凹谐振腔、双氙灯泵浦的脉冲Nd: YAG激光器。当占空比为9%时,实现输出激光平均功率近480 W,光束参数积优于12.7 mm·mrad,电光转化效率近4%,与理论分析吻合,可用芯径300 μm的光纤传输,不稳定性优于±1%。加工实验证明有较好的质量：切割材料为不锈钢,厚度为3 mm时、切割速度为0.6 m/min和厚度为1.5 mm、切割速度为1.2 m/min时,两种情况下所得切缝宽度均为250 μm,且切割上下沿光滑。