Characterization of laser seeding by use of group-velocity dispersion in an atomic-vapor filter

A method for measuring laser seeding efficiencies by use of group-velocity dispersion has been developed. By tuning the laser near a resonance in an atomic-vapor filter it is possible to temporally decouple the seeded (narrow-band) light from the unseeded (broadband) light. We measured a seeding efficiency of 99.8% of the third harmonic of an injection-seeded Ti:sapphire laser. A model for the observed dispersion has been developed and tested. The group-velocity dispersion in the filter may also be used to chirp pulses for spectral analysis in the time domain.     

Radius of curvature measurements for laser beams: A simple method

A simple method for measuring the radius of curvature of laser beams is introduced. It has been developed to estimate the astigmatic aberration of a diode laser. Compared with the interferometry, this method is convenient and straightforward.     

智能激光测距机组件检测系统

为了解决目前各激光测距机检测仪功能单一、检测准确度低等问题,研制了一种新型智能激光测距机参数检测仪.系统采用先进的控制技术和方便快捷的微机软件,且配有结构巧妙的分光束光学系统,能同时实现对测距机的光轴平行性、光束性能参数,包括光束发散能量、脉宽、编码准确度的测试;天线的视场和灵敏度测试;系统整体性能测试.2 048×2 048高空间分辨率CCD的引入,使系统的角分辨率达到了5″;15 GHz示波器用于捕获窄达 100 ps的激光脉冲;高准确度,大动态范围的激光能量计可精确测量出激光的能量.     

激光束二维强度分布的测量与功率测试标定

报道了研制的激光束二维强度分布测量装置,实现了从红外到可见的激光束二维强度分布测量,给出直观的激光束远场立体花样和平面分布等高能量图,进一步用该装置测量出激光能量,文章最后给出了标定方法和结果.     

High-gradient magnetic separation of microparticles on membrane separation unit

A simple design of a magnetic separator based on a membrane made of a laser-perforated ferromagnetic foil has been proposed. The separator is primarily intended for analytical and research purposes. The developed magnetic separator of the proposed design has been tested in the separation of a composite aqueous suspension of magnetite nanoparticles adsorbed on hydroxyapatite microparticles. Separation efficiency has been determined via measuring the magnetic moment by the ferromagnetic resonance method; the suspension particle size has been found by dynamic light scattering before and after the separation process. It has been shown that all the particles with a diameter of more than 500 nm are retained during separation; the magnetization of the fraction decreases twofold after passing through the membrane.     

一种新型选通象增强高速电影系统

为了实现对“弱、小、多、快”目标的跟踪测量,我们研制了一种选通象增强高速电影摄影系统。它是集激光象增强技术、激光照明技术、电子选通技术及高速电影摄影技术于一体的新型系统,它具有光增益高,成象质量好,可探测距离远等特点。 该系统采用了带选通的二代象增强器;采用了电子快门,其曝光时间在1μs—300μs可调,频率在1—100帧/秒可调;采用了非透镜耦合的方式,解决了胶片与耦合面板之间的静电放电问题,以及高速运转时它们之间的磨擦问题,采用了小数值孔径耦合面板,改善了耦合分辨率,采用了高性能的间歇输片机构,实现了胶片的高速间歇运动。 本文还介绍了该系统的静态和动态测试结果,以及在激光照明下的测试结果。     

Its optical and signal-analysing systems and some experimental results of flow velocity

A laser Doppler microscope, consisting of optical and signal-analysing systems, has been developed. Flow velocity can be measured with an extremely high spatial resolution over an area of up to 10μm in diameter. The optical system consists of a microscope having two types of penetrative and reflective systems. On the basis of the characteristic analysis of Doppler beat signals from the laser Doppler microscope, the signal-analysing system, which uses a tracking filter together with a digital-hold element and a time-to-pulse height converter, has been found to be the most suitable for analysing beat signals. Some experimental results obtained using the laser Dopller microscope for measuring flow velocities, both in a small square cell in a venule, and in a capillary over the web of a frog's foot are presented.     

激光等离子体辐射温度时间特性测量研究

本文提出一种软X射线条纹相机与吸收膜相耦合测量激光等离子体辐射温度的实验方法,并且应用这个方法测量了平面金靶在1.053μm激光(LF-11^#激光装置)作用下,靶面功率密度约为10¹⁴W/cm²的辐射温度。对温度处理中存在的误差,以及把此方法推广到能谱的时间分辨和温度的空间分辨测量中的可能性进行了讨论。 关键词：     

声光调Q CO2激光器的输出特性

采用谐振腔内插入声光调制器（AOM）的方法获得了小型CO2激光器的高重频、窄脉宽、高峰值功率输出。通过分析CO2激光器声光调Q的工作原理,利用基于小信号增益和饱和光强的耦合输出数学模型给出了激光器最佳输出镜透过率的数值解,并运用相关实验装置对该数学模型进行了实验验证。理论分析和实验结果均表明：该声光调Q CO2激光器的最佳输出镜透过率为39%。研究了激光器输出性能随脉冲重复频率的变化规律,当脉冲重复频率〉1 kHz时,激光器输出峰值功率下降,这与CO2分子上能级寿命有关,并受声光调Q开关热效应的影响。实验中获得的激光器脉冲频率在1 Hz～100 kHz可调。在脉冲频率为1 kHz时,获得的激光脉冲宽度为156 ns,脉冲峰值功率为10 kW,且稳定性较好,非常适合于作激光与物质相互作用的光源。     

Photothermal effect of laser radiation on the electrical properties of cartilage impregnated with magnetite nanoparticles

A photothermal study of laser effects on the electrical conductivity of an articular cartilage impregnated with magnetite nanoparticles is conducted. The behavior of the electric conductivity of cartilage impregnated with magnetite nanoparticles from solutions of different concentrations (0.4 to 10 mg/mL) and depending on the dynamics of laser heating from 20 to 40°C is studied. The growth kinetics of the electrical conductivity induced by laser heating in samples of intact cartilage tissue of animals and those of the same tissue impregnated with magnetite nanoparticles are compared.     

Thermal lensing of diode side-pumped solid-state lasers

The pump energy distribution in a diode side-pumped solid-state laser, is an overlap of propagating Gaussian beams. A simple model has been developed to calculate the thermal focal length of a diode side-pumped solid-state laser, which is based on a thermal model with a Gaussian heat density in any cross section of a laser rod. It can be seen that as the waists of pump beams increase, the energy distribution tends to be uniform and the thermal focal length tends to be long, which means a smaller thermal focusing.     

强激光远场光斑强度分布测量技术

准确测量激光远场光斑强度时空分布是分析强激光大气传输效应和评价激光系统性能的有效手段。概述了测量激光光斑强度分布的几种方法及其适用性,重点叙述了基于阵列探测法的强激光远场光斑强度分布测量技术,总结分析了量热阵列法、光电阵列法和量热/光电复合法等三类阵列探测系统应用特点。最后介绍了两种分别用于测量连续波高能激光和重频脉冲激光的光电阵列靶斑仪,系统具有结构紧凑的特点,能够满足运动靶目标上强激光参数测量要求。     

大量程激光位移传感器的成像系统设计

为了解决目前国内自主研发的激光位移传感器基准工作距离短和测量范围小的问题,设计了一种适用于远距离测量的大量程激光位移传感器成像光学系统。基于激光三角测量原理,结合具体使用要求计算了大量程激光位移传感器的性能指标和成像光学系统的设计参数。选择5片式透镜结构作为系统的初始结构,利用光学设计软件对大量程激光位移传感器成像光学系统进行了仿真,完成了系统优化和性能分析,实现了基准工作距离为1 000 mm、量程为±500 mm、分辨率为0.4 mm的大量程激光位移传感器成像系统设计。结果表明,在测量范围±500 mm内,系统均可以满足成像质量要求。该激光位移传感器成像系统具有工作距离远、测量量程大、结构简单的特点,可满足1 000 mm远距离处大量程范围的测量使用要求。     

Laser Doppler velocimeter for remote measurement of polluted water and aerosols discharges

A continuous wave Doppler velocimeter has been developed for remote estimation of the volume of polluted water and gaseous discharges using an actively stabilized ring dye laser. Doppler shifted backscattered signals induced by fluids in motion using heterodyne detection technique has been applied for measurement of Doppler shifts. Polluted water and gaseous discharge flow rates have been measured remotely for simulation purposes. The system is capable of measuring Doppler shifts as low as 0.25 MHz corresponding to 0.1 m/s velocities of the fluids.     

Non-contact detection of explosives by means of a tunable diode laser spectroscopy

As explosives are unstable, their decay products may be targeted for detection by means of tunable diode laser spectroscopy (TDLS). A model in which an explosive is placed inside an envelope with a hole in it has been studied. It has been shown that outside the envelope the concentration of the decay products may exceed that of the vapors of an explosive, by several orders. Decay products of explosives have been investigated using Fourier-transform spectrometry and TDLS. The following decay products have been identified: NO, N₂O, CO, NH₃. Analysis of the temperature dependencies of their occurrence rates has allowed estimation of the activation energies, which appear to be close to 1 eV. An experimental model of the diode laser spectrometer designed for noncontact detection of explosives has been developed. The possibility of such detection has been demonstrated experimentally. PACS 42.62.Fi; 07.07.Df; 42.55.Px     

Dynamical analysis of acousto-optically Q-switched CO2 laser

A compacted size high power CO₂ laser has been developed using an acousto-optically (AO) Q-switch. Performance characteristics have been investigated as a function of output mirror transmittance. The theory of six-temperature model for CO₂ lasers has firstly been utilized to analyze the dynamical process in the AO Q-switched CO₂ laser. This theory perfectly explains the behavior of energy transfer between different molecules in laser gain medium, and describes the shape of pulse laser. The calculated pulse waveforms are in good agreement with the experimental result. Both the experimental and theoretical results present that the optimal value of output mirror transmittance is 39%. Under this condition, the measured peak power is 4750 W and pulsed width is 160 ns, which is consistent with the calculations. Six-temperature model is a perfect theory for CO₂ laser kinetics, which will lay a theoretical foundation for the laser optimum design.     

全固态激励小型TEA CO_2激光器的研制

基于国产非晶态合金磁芯,研制了采用可控硅开关、脉冲升压变压器、以及两级磁脉冲压缩网络的全固态激励电路系统,并且应用于放电体积为29 cm3,工作气压为100 kPa的电晕预电离小型TEA CO2激光器。讨论了提高系统能量传输效率和减小系统体积的设计方法,并且测量了系统的工作性能以及各部分的能量损失。实验结果表明:磁脉冲压缩网络的能量传输效率大于83%,全固态激励系统的总效率大于75%;连接激光器负载时,输出脉冲的电压峰值约为22 kV,电流上升时间约为100 ns;得到了脉冲能量109 mJ,宽度70ns的激光输出,激光器整体效率约为3.3%。在目前的封离体积与气体循环方式限制下,激光器最大重复频率约为100 Hz,而激励电路部分可以达到400 Hz的工作频率。     

中红外激光功率密度探测单元的研制

 采用室温光导型HgCdTe探测器,研制了可用于中红外激光功率密度测量的探测单元,主要包括衰减片、探测器、放大电路、数据采集和信号处理５个部分。分析了室温中红外HgCdTe光电探测器的温度特性,并提出了探测器响应率温度自适应校正模型。该探测单元工作温度为－40～30 ℃,功率密度测量不确定度小于20％。     

Measurement of elastic nonlinearity using remote laser ultrasonics and CHeap Optical Transducers and dual frequency surface acoustic waves

A nonlinear ultrasonic technique for evaluating material elastic nonlinearity has been developed. It measures the phase modulation of a high frequency (82MHz) surface acoustic wave interacting with a low frequency (1MHz) high amplitude stress inducing surface acoustic wave. A new breed of optical transducers has been developed and used for the generation and detection of the high frequency wave. The CHeap Optical Transducer (CHOT) is an ultrasonic transducer system, optically activated and read by a laser. We show that CHOTs offer advantages over alternative transducers. CHOTs and nonlinear ultrasonics have great potential for aerospace applications. Results measuring changes in ultrasonic velocity corresponding to different stress states of the sample are presented on fused silica and aluminium.     

钒钛磁铁矿样品主、次元素的快速分析方法研究

采用SI-PIN半导体探测器、241Am激发源和2048通道分析器及自行研制的SI-PIN 2000便携式X荧光分析仪,对钒钛磁铁矿直接粉末样品中Ti,V,Cr,Mn,Fe,Co,Ni,Cu等8个主、次元素进行了分析应用研究。文章叙述了所采用的直接粉末样品法的样品盒结构、基体校正的α系数计算方法、重叠干扰校正原则和漂移校正的方法,并且给出了所选择的分析条件和样品制备方法,分析过程简单、结果准确、分析速度快,特别适应矿山、冶金的生产原料分析需要,有良好的应用前景, 与封闭正比计数器X射线荧光分析仪相比,检出限降低了1个数量级。