Simple theory of the density-of-states function in heavily doped non-linear optical and optoelectronic materials

We study theoretically the dispersion relation of the conduction electrons and the corresponding density-of-state (DOS) function in heavily doped non-linear optical, tetragonal, III–V, ternary and quaternary materials forming band tails. It has been found, taking CdGeAs₂, Cd₃As₂, InAs, In_1−xGa_xAs_yP_1−y lattice matched to InP and Hg_1−xCd_xTe as examples of the aforementioned materials that the complex nature of the energy spectrum, the oscillatory DOS for the negative values of the energy and the creation of a new forbidden zone is due to the presence of the crystal field splitting constant, the anisotropic effective electron mass and the anisotropic spin–orbit splitting for the tetragonal and non-linear optical materials and because of the interaction of the impurity atoms in the tails with the spin–orbit splitting of the valence bands for the other compounds. Analytically, the presence of non-removable poles in the dispersion relation of the undoped material creates the complex energy spectrum for the corresponding heavily doped sample and the solution of the Boltzmann transport equation will introduce new physical ideas and new experimental findings under different external conditions. The results of the perturbed III–V semiconductors whose unperturbed energy band structures are defined by the two band model of Kane and that of parabolic energy bands are special cases of our generalized analysis and no oscillations in the DOS are found in the aforementioned cases. The well-known results of the DOS for all materials in the absence of doping have also been obtained from the theoretical analysis under certain limiting conditions. This compatibility is the indirect test of our generalized formalism.     

一种新型宽频带低损耗小单元左手材料的设计与实现

设计了一种结构简单、可在电路板单面上印刷的新型左手材料. 该结构由周期性排列的“Ⅱ”组成, 具有频带宽、损耗低、尺寸小等优点. 该材料在一定频段内具有介电常数和磁导率同时为负的特性. 仿真结果表明: 在8.79-15.57 GHz频率范围内, 折射率实部为负, 而虚部接近于零; 同时在该频段内的波阻抗实部大于零. 从而说明该材料具有左手特性, 在此基础上对该结构进行了制作、加工、并通过矩形波导法进行了验证. 同时, 该左手材料的相对带宽达到55.74%, 而最大单元损耗仅是0.27 dB, 远远优于传统的左手材料.     

基于左手材料的高增益双频带微带天线

左手材料具有平板透镜聚焦效应,突破电磁波的衍射极限实现倏逝波的放大,其覆盖于微带天线上方,可以提高天线增益。设计了一种应用于UHF和WLAN的双频微带天线,通过在接地板上刻蚀己字形弯折缝隙的方法实现双频谐振。为了改善微带天线低频段的增益,设计了一种新型的哑铃型结构双频段左手材料,将其作为微带天线的覆层。测试结果表明,覆层左手材料微带天线的低频段和高频段的峰值增益分别为2.1 dBi和7.4 dBi。     

左手材料的响应频段和单元尺寸关系的研究

目前左手材料的负折射现象只发生在微波波段,通常把发生负折射现象的这个频率波段称为响应频段.由于左手材料的响应频段的频率很低,而常用的波源是太阳光或者是可见光,因此左手材料的应用受到极大的限制.如何使左手材料的响应频段从低频移到高频或者说从微波波段移到可见光波段是迫切需要解决的问题.在周期性结构的左手材料中影响响应频段的因素很多,例如周期性结构的单元形状、单元尺寸等等.文中通过改变周期性结构左手材料的单元尺寸实现了响应频段的移动,同时经实验和计算机模拟得到了单元尺寸和响应频段的关系即随着单元尺寸变小响应频段 关键词： 左手材料 周期性结构 单元尺寸 响应频段     

具有特定频段的左手材料构造与设计优化

为研究具有特定频段的左手材料设计方法. 首先基于传输线理论构造了一种左手材料微观构型, 采用S参数反演法进行数值仿真和等效传输线模型分析, 说明了该构型在特定的尺寸条件下具有左手特性, 并分析了尺寸参数对左手性能的影响. 进而给出了在给定频率附近具有最大带宽、较小损耗的左手材料设计优化问题的数学模型, 并给出了设计实例. 数值设计结果验证了优化模型的适用性和正确性.     

掺杂纳米材料光纤的研制

将纳米技术与光纤技术相结合,利用改进的化学气相沉积法(MCVD)制作纳米级InP薄膜内包层光纤及在普通单模光纤纤芯中掺杂纳米级InP粒子的新型光纤,前者单位长度放大系数最大达到15.35dB/m,能在较短的长度上对信号光起到放大作用,便于集成化;后者经实验证实其纤芯具有光波导传输性能.两种新型高非线性光纤在光通信器件中的具有应用前景.     

奇妙的左手材料

左手材料最早由前苏联科学家Veselago V G在20世纪60年代从理论上提出来的，是指一种介电常数g和磁导率μ同时为负值的材料．它具有诸如负群速度、负折射率、理想成像、逆Doppler频移、反常Cerenkov辐射等种种奇异的物理性质．经过多年的沉寂之后，近几年在实验上取得了突破性的进展，重新引起了人们的重视，尤其是在2003年，还被Science杂志评为当年十大科技进展之一．文章介绍了左手材料的概念和基本原理，并回顾了这一领域近年来的发展．     

左手性材料研究进展

综述了左手性材料的理论与实验研究方面取得的最新进展．采用电磁理论分析了左手性介质的基本性质；阐述了用左手性介质制作的平板透镜进行实现超衍射分辨率成像的机理；介绍了在人工构造左手性材料方面所取得的实验进展．     

High transmittance left-handed materials involving symmetric split-ring resonators

We present theoretical and experimental results for a new design of highly symmetric, multigap split-ring resonators (SRRs), as well as for left-handed materials of a broad and high transmittance left-handed band, achieved by combining those symmetric SRRs with continuous wires. Studying in detail, both theoretically and experimentally, our proposed symmetric SRRs, we proved that they avoid the electric field excitation of the magnetic SRR resonance; thus they are appropriate for the creation of two-dimensional and three-dimensional left-handed materials. Finally, we propose critical design rules for the development of low-loss and broad-band left-handed materials.     

超窄带和梳状多通道光子晶体滤波器设计

 设计了一种因掺杂而具有超窄带滤波特性的光子晶体滤波器和一种复周期结构的梳状多通道光子晶体滤波器。在两种均匀介质交替分布的周期结构中间插入一层折射率不同的介质膜后,通过传输矩阵法的数值计算,发现采用前后不对称的周期结构并调节参数,可以在1 550 nm处找到一个透射率接近100%的极窄的透过峰,因而可得到一种超窄带光子晶体滤波器。另外,在以高低两种折射率的介质交替分布,并以两种单独的单元周期合并组成一个复周期,然后进行周期重复构成的光子晶体中,利用通道数等于复周期数减1的规律,并配合各层厚度的调节,设计出在1 550 nm附近梳状8通道和16通道的光子晶体滤波器,各通道透过峰的透射率均接近100%,由此设计出一种梳状多通道光子晶体滤波器。     

非线性左手材料的时域研究

 分析了非线性左手材料模型,推导了非线性左手材料中的时域有限差分法及完美匹配层的计算式。数值模拟了具有Kerr非线性效应的左手材料平板中的电磁波。观察到该材料同样具有电磁聚焦特性。对比线性左手材料,其聚焦点的幅度和位置都会发生偏移。同时改变波源的强度及其到平板边界距离,讨论了不同距离情况下该非线性左手材料平板对电磁波分布的影响。当波源距离材料平板足够远,通过非线性左手材料聚焦的电场强度几乎集中在其外表面。     

自由空间中左手材料传输特性的仿真研究

 研究了左手材料的传输和反射特性,介绍了所仿真的样品形式和测量系统,并采用高频构造仿真方法(HFSS)在已有自由空间宽频测量的基础上进行理论仿真。结果表明：S参量的数字仿真与实验测量结果在宽频条件下达到了较好的一致性;测量中产生的损耗主要归因于铜线结构有限的电导率;理论上左手材料的最佳无损工作频段应高于谐振环的谐振频率。     

自由空间中左手材料传输特性的仿真研究

研究了左手材料的传输和反射特性,介绍了所仿真的样品形式和测量系统,并采用高频构造仿真方法(HFSS)在已有自由空间宽频测量的基础上进行理论仿真。结果表明：S参量的数字仿真与实验测量结果在宽频条件下达到了较好的一致性;测量中产生的损耗主要归因于铜线结构有限的电导率;理论上左手材料的最佳无损工作频段应高于谐振环的谐振频率。     

Omni-reflectance and enhanced resonant tunneling from multilayers containing left-handed materials

We study the oblique transmission through a one-dimensional photonic crystal consisting of alternating slabs made of ordinary and negative refractive index materials, the latter being dispersive. We investigate the angular dependence of the band gap for this multilayer medium. Our results suggest, unlike a conventional Bragg gap, this type of gap exhibits a rather versatile behavior with varying angle of incidence. We find the angle-dependent characteristics for this type of gap can be quite different for different structural parameters of the constituents. Thus, multilayer structures involving left-handed components are very good candidates for band gap engineering. Specifically, we demonstrate for a certain experimentally realizable structure, the existence of a gap region for each individual polarization which survives for incident angles as high as 85 °. Moreover, we show how this structure can also function as a highly efficient polarization splitter. Finally, we investigate the multilayer medium when acting as single or double electromagnetic barrier. We study the tunneling properties of such systems for both types of individual barrier layers—right- and left-handed, respectively. We observe the double barrier exhibits resonant tunneling that depends on the “rightness” of the individual barrier layers.     

Super energy flows in a waveguide filled with air and left-handed materials

The phenomena of super energy flows are studied theoretically and numerically in a parallel-plate waveguide which is filled with two layered equally-thick different media, i.e. air and specific left-handed materials (LHM) with $\epsilon_{{\rm r}1}=-1/(1+\delta)+\i\gamma$ and $\mu_{{\rm r}1}=-(1+\delta)+\i\gamma$. In this special waveguide, two-directional super-energy flows are excited by a three-dimensional horizontal electric dipole at the same time, which has transmission patterns different from those of two-dimensional source and three-dimensional vertical electric dipole. We also show that the retardation and loss in LHM are sensitive to the amplitude of super power densities, and the dimensions of waveguide determine the propagating modes, which makes super energy flows more practical.     

Super energy flows in a waveguide filled with air and left-handed materials

The phenomena of super energy flows are studied theoretically and numerically in a parallel-plate waveguide which is filled with two layered equally-thick different media, i.e. air and specific left-handed materials （LHM） with εr1 = -1/（1 ＋δ） ＋iγ and μr1 = -（1 ＋ δ） ＋ iγ. In this special waveguide, two-directional super-energy flows are excited by a three-dimensional horizontal electric dipole at the same time, which has transmission patterns different from those of two-dimensional source and three-dimensional vertical electric dipole. We also show that the retardation and loss in LHM are sensitive to the amplitude of super power densities, and the dimensions of waveguide determine the propagating modes, which makes super energy flows more practical.     

左手材料中圆偏振光束的反常旋转特性研究

根据Whittaker标量势理论,建立了圆偏振光束的矢量传输模型.基于这一模型研究了圆偏振光束在左手材料中的反常旋转特性.通过分析光束偏振态、衍射对强度质心旋转特性的影响,发现圆偏振光束在左手材料中旋转方向反转并揭示其旋转角等于古伊相.采用分析横向能流的方法,揭示左手材料中反向的横向能流是导致反常旋转特性的主要原因.对圆偏振光束在左手材料中反常旋转特性的研究,有利于增强对左手材料中光束传输特性的认识. 关键词： 左手材料 圆偏振光束 旋转特性     

Enhancement of sensitivity in optical waveguide sensors using left-handed materials

We show analytically that the sensitivity of an optical waveguide sensor can be dramatically enhanced by using a metamaterial with negative permittivity and permeability. The variation of the sensitivity of the proposed waveguide sensor with different parameters of the waveguide is studied. It is found that the sensitivity of the sensor increases with the increasing thickness of the metamaterial due to the surface polariton generation.     

左手材料薄板波导中模式之间的正交关系

基于电磁场理论,采用直接计算的方法证明了左手材料薄板波导中各个模式是相互正交的,即不同传播模之间、传播模与辐射模以及不同辐射模之间是相互正交的.这为研究左手材料薄板波导中的模式耦合奠定了基础. 关键词： 左手材料 薄板波导 模式 正交关系     

基于多开口田字形宽频带低损耗左手材料

提出了一种基于多开口田字形单元结构实现材料左手特性的设计方案.该结构是在介质基板单侧集成电、磁谐振器形成左手单元.通过理论分析、软件仿真、加工测试、提取有效电磁参数,结果表明该结构在12.7—21.1 GHz范围内具有双负特性(等效介电常数ε0,等效磁导率μ0),基本覆盖Ku波段,绝对带宽可达8.4 GHz,单元损耗低于0.3 d B.同传统的左手材料相比,该结构以更小的单元尺寸,更低的损耗实现了更宽的左手频带,为宽频带、低损耗微波左手材料的设计及广泛应用提供了重要参考.