Fluoroalkyl-containing 2-arylhydrazono-1,3-dicarbonyl compounds in the reactions with ethylenediamine and polyethylenepolyamines

Acyclic N,N′-(poly)ethylene-bis(2-arylazo-1,3-aminovinylketones) are the main products in the reactions of fluoroalkyl-containing 2-arylhydrazono-1,3-diketones with ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine and triethylenetetramine. Nickel(II) and copper(II) chelates were obtained from N,N′-ethylene-bis(2-arylazo-1,3-aminovinylketones). 2-Arylhydrazono-3-fluoroacyl esters formed N,N′-ethylenediamides of 2-arylhydrazono-3-fluoroacylpropionic acids with ethylenediamine. Interaction of 2-arylhydrazono-3-fluoroacyl esters with diethylenetriamine and triethylenetetramine resulted in and decomposition products.     

Poly(N-bromobenzene-1,3-disulfonamide) and N,N,N′,N′-tetrabromobenzene-1,3-disulfonamide as novel catalytic reagents for silylation of alcohols, phenols, and thiols using hexamethyldisilazane

Poly(N-bromobenzene-1,3-disulfonamide) [PBBS] and N,N,N′,N′-tetrabromobenzene-1,3-disulfonamide [TBBDA] are effective catalysts for the silylation of alcohols, phenols, and thiols in the presence of hexamethyldisilazane with, or without solvent, and also under microwave irradiation.     

One-step synthesis of N-alkyl-2-aryl-2-oxoacetamides and N,N-dialkyl-2-aryl-4H-1,3-benzodioxine-2,4-dicarboxamides

Alkyl isocyanides react with 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde or 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzaldehyde to afford N-alkyl-2-aryl-2-oxoacetamides and N²,N⁴-dialkyl-2-aryl-4H-1,3-benzodioxine-2,4-dicarboxamides in nearly 1:1 ratios. Treatment of 2,6-dimethylphenyl isocyanide with 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzaldehyde affords only the 2-oxoacetamide derivative.     

One-pot synthesis of aliphatic and aromatic 2H-indazolo[2,1-b]phthalazine-triones catalyzed by N-halosulfonamides under solvent-free conditions

N, N, N′, N′-Tetrabromobenzene-1,3-disulfonamide and poly(N-bromo-N-ethylbenzene-1,3-disulfonamide) were used as efficient catalysts for the one-pot synthesis of aliphatic and aromatic 2H-indazolo[2,1-b]phthalazine-triones in excellent yields from aldehydes, phthalhydrazide, and dimedone at 80-100 °C under solvent-free conditions.     

Interaction of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-o-benzoquinone with secondary amines—a pathway to new sterically hindered N,N-disubstituted o-aminophenols

The interaction of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-o-benzoquinone with secondary amines has been studied. The synthetic procedure was developed in order to synthesize a series of new N,N-disubstituted o-aminophenols. The interaction of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-o-benzoquinone with dimethylamine leads to 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)-4,6-di-tert-butyl-phenol, which is oxidized in the reaction medium by the parent 3,5-di-tert-butyl-o-benzoquinone forming spirocompound 4,5′,6,7′-tetra-tert-butyl-3′-methyl-3′H-spiro[1,3-benzodioxol-2,2′-[1,3]benzoxazole].     

Baeyer–Villiger oxidation of <Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis> <Superscript>1</Superscript>,<Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis> <Superscript>3</Superscript>,2-triaryl-6-hydroxy-6-methyl-4-oxocyclohexane-1,3-dicarboxamides

Baeyer–Villiger oxidation of N¹,N³,2-triaryl-6-hydroxy-6-methyl-4-oxocyclohexane-1,3-dicarboxamides with 30% hydrogen peroxide in acetic acid afforded 2-(4-aryl-3-carbamoyl-2-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl)acetic acids.     

Syntheses and studies of flexible amide ligands: a toolkit for studying metallo-supramolecular assemblies for anion binding

The syntheses of seven flexible bidentate bis-pyridyl diamide and four monodentate pyridyl amide ligands containing central amide units are described. The bis-pyridyl ligands were prepared in one step from commercially available compounds in moderate to good yield. These compounds all possess external metal coordinating pyridyl groups and internal amide functionalities, with the potential to bind anions. Crystal structures of six of the bis-pyridyl diamide ligands are described. The four compounds with xylene cores N,N′-[1,3-phenylenebis(methylene)]bis-3-pyridinecarboxamide 1, N,N′-[1,3-phenylenebis(methylene)]bis-4-pyridinecarboxamide 2, N,N′-[1,4-phenylenebis(methylene)]bis-3-pyridinecarboxamide 3 and N,N′-[1,4-phenylenebis(methylene)]bis-4-pyridinecarboxamide 4 crystallize with extensive amide N-H?OC hydrogen bonding between the diamide compounds, giving rise to two and three dimensional hydrogen bonded networks. N,N′-Bis(3-pyridylmethyl)benzene-1,3-dicarboxamide 5, the only compound with the amide groups directly attached to a central benzene core, was not able to be crystallised. N,N′-2,6-Bis(3-pyridylmethyl)pyridine dicarboxamide 6 and N,N′-2,6-bis(4-pyridylmethyl)pyridine dicarboxamide 7 have a mismatch of hydrogen bond donor and acceptor regions preventing ready involvement of the amide NH groups in network formation. For comparison we also prepared compounds N,N′-2′-propyl-6-(3-pyridylmethyl)pyridine dicarboxamide 10 and N,N′-2′-propyl-6-(4-pyridylmethyl)pyridine dicarboxamide 11 with two amide groups but only the one external donor pyridyl moiety, and compounds N-6-[(3-pyridylmethylamino)carbonyl]-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid methyl ester 8 and N-6-[(4-pyridylmethylamino)carbonyl]-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid methyl ester 9, which have only the one amide.     

Ni-catalyzed arylation of bromomagnesium diarylamides with aryl N,N-dimethylsulfamates

The combination use of Ni(cod)₂ and N,N-1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-4-imidazoline-2-ylidene as a catalyst successfully gave unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl-N′,N′-diphenyl-1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diamines through the arylation of bromomagnesium diarylamide with 1-(4′-diphenylamino-1,1′-biphenylyl) N,N-dimethylsulfamate. This Ni catalyst and Grignard reagents of diaryl or monoarylamides were also useful in the syntheses of various triarylamines and diarylamines from corresponding aryl N,N-dimethylsulfamates.     

Poly(N-bromo-N-ethylbenzene-1,3-disulfonamide) and N,N,N′,N′-tetrabromobenzene-1,3-disulfonamide as efficient reagents for synthesis of quinolines

Poly(N-bromo-N-ethylbenzene-1,3-disulfonamide) [PBBS] and N,N,N′,N′-tetrabromobenzene-1,3-disulfonamide [TBBDA] were used as efficient reagents for the synthesis of quinolines in excellent yields from 2-aminoaryl ketones and carbonyl compounds under aqueous and solvent-free conditions.     

1,n-Diamines. Part 3: Microwave-assisted synthesis of N-acyl-N′-arylhexahydropyrimidines and hexahydro-1,3-diazepines

In this Letter we present a method for the synthesis of N-acyl-N′-arylhexahydropyrimidines 1, by ring closure of N-acyl-N′-aryl-1,3-propanediamines 3 with formaldehyde. Cyclodehydrations were performed in aqueous medium under microwave irradiation, and led to high yields of the desired compounds in remarkably short reaction times. The method also allowed for the synthesis of hitherto unreported N-acyl-N′-arylhexahydro-1,3-diazepines 2. The acyclic tetramethylenic precursors 4 were synthesized by selective functionalization of N-arylputrescines.     

Simple construction of fused and spiro nitrogen/sulfur containing heterocycles by addition of thioamides or thioureas on cycloalkenyl-diazenes: examples of click chemistry

New 1-cycloalkenyl-1-diazenes have been obtained in good yields from cyclic β-ketoesters and hydrazine derivatives. They furnished new cycloalkyl[d][1,3]thiazolines with thioamides or new spirocycloalkyl-thiazolinones with thioureas. Moreover they gave, with imidazolidine-2-thione and tetrahydropyrimidine-2-thione, new and interesting spiro[cycloalkyl-1,2′-imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole] or spiro[cycloalkyl-1,2′-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine] derivatives, respectively. Cycloalkyl[d][1,3]thiazolines were useful for the further preparation of unknown thia-triaza-tricyclo derivatives. Novel hexahydro-1,3-benzothiazoles have been achieved by reaction of N,N′-dialkylthioureas on N-1-phenyl-2-(1-cyclohexenyl)-1-diazene-1-carboxyamide. The acidic hydrolysis of spirocycloalkyl-thiazolinones produced 2-imino-5-(ω-carboxyalkyl)-4-thiazolidinones.     

Formation of 6-aryl-2-methyl-4-oxo-<Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>,<Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>’-diphenyl-2-cyclohexene-1,3-dicarboxamides from acetoacetanilide and aromatic aldehydes catalyzed by a mixture of aryl amines and iodine

Reactions of acetoacetanilide with aromatic aldehydes in ethanol at room temperature in the presence of molecular iodine and arylamine afford to 6-aryl-2-methyl-4-oxo-N,N’-diphenyl-2-cyclohexene-1,3-dicarboxamides. The structure of obtained compounds was confirmed by mass spectrometry, IR and NMR spectroscopy data.     

N,N-Dimethylethylenediamine in direct and direct template syntheses of Cu(II)/Cr(III) complexes

Four new heterometallic Cu(II)/Cr(III) complexes with N,N-dimethylethylenediamine (dmen) and its novel Schiff-base derivatives, N′-[(1Z)-3-amino-1,3-dimethylbutylidene]-N,N-dimethylethane-1,2-diamine (dmenac) and N′-((1Z)-3-{[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amino}-1,3-dimethylbutylidene)-N,N-dimethylethane-1,2-diamine (dmen₂ac), have been easily prepared by self-assembly and characterized by spectroscopic methods and single crystal X-ray analysis. The structures of all the complexes are assisted by numerous hydrogen bonds that provide a web of interactions and mould the supramolecular architectures of the compounds. Variable-temperature (1.8–300 K) magnetic susceptibility measurements reveal Curie-Weiss paramagnetic behavior of all the compounds, supported by EPR studies.     

Highly efficient one-pot synthesis of tetrahydropyridines

The combination of aromatic aldehydes, and 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds in the presence of a catalytic amount of poly(N,N′-dibromo-N-ethyl-benzene-1,3-disulfonamide) [PBBS] and N,N,N′,N′-tetrabromobenzene-1,3-disulfonamide [TBBDA] leads to the formation of highly substituted tetrahydropyridines. In this way, a series of pharmacologically interesting substituted piperidine derivatives were obtained in moderate to high yields at room temperature.     

A greener approach for the synthesis of 1-N-methyl-(spiro[2.3′]oxindolespiro[3.2″]/spiro[2.3′]indan-1,3-dionespiro[2.2″])cyclopentanone-4-aryl pyrrolidines

N,N-Dimethylammonium N′,N′-dimethyl carbamate (DIMCARB), a reusable reaction medium, has been used in the synthesis of a number of monoarylidene cyclopentanones. These compounds are used as dipolarophiles in the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of an azomethine ylide, generated in situ by the decarboxylation method for the synthesis of spiropyrrolidines by the application of microwave methodology.     

Regularly alternating poly(amideimide)s containing pendent pentadecyl chains: Synthesis and characterization

Two new aromatic diamines containing preformed amide linkages, viz., N,N′-(4-pentadecyl-1,3-phenylene)bis(4-aminobenzamide) I and N,N′-(4-pentadecyl-1,3-phenylene)bis(3-aminobenzamide) II, were synthesized by reaction of 4-pentadecylbenzene-1,3-diamine with 4-nitrobenzoylchloride and 3-nitrobenzoylchloride, followed by reduction of the respective dinitro derivatives. A series of new poly(amideimide)s was synthesized by polycondensation of I and II with four commercially available aromatic dianhydrides, viz., pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA), 4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA), 4,4′-oxydiphthalic anhydride (ODPA), and 4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride (6-FDA) in N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) employing conventional two step method via poly(amic acid) intermediate followed by thermal imidization. Reference poly(amideimide)s were synthesized by polycondensation of N,N′-(1,3-phenylene)bis(4-aminobenzamide) and N,N′-(1,3-phenylene)bis(3-aminobenzamide) with the same aromatic dianhydrides. Inherent viscosities of poly(amideimide)s containing pendent pentadecyl chains were in the range 0.37-1.23 dL/g in N,N-dimethylacetamide at 30 ± 0.1 °C indicating the formation of medium to high molecular weight polymers. The poly(amideimide)s containing pendent pentadecyl chains were found to be soluble in N,N-dimethylacetamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone and pyridine and could be cast into transparent, flexible and tough films from their N,N-dimethylacetamide solution. Wide angle X-ray diffraction patterns exhibited broad halo indicating that the polymers were essentially amorphous in nature. X-ray diffractograms also displayed sharp reflection in the small angle region (2θ ≈ 3°) for poly(amideimide)s containing pentadecyl chains indicating the formation of layered structure arising from packing of flexible pentadecyl chains. The glass transition temperatures observed for reference poly(amideimide)s were in the range 331-275 °C and those for poly(amideimide)s containing pendent pentadecyl chains were in the range 185-286 °C indicating a large drop in T_g owing to the “internal plasticization” effect of pentadecyl chains. The temperature at 10% weight loss (T₁₀), determined by TGA in nitrogen atmosphere, were in the range 460-480 °C indicating their good thermal stability.     

Acyclic tertiary diamines and 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane with fluorine-containing β-diketones: Leading to low melting ionic adducts

N,N,N′,N′-Tetramethylmethanediamine (1a), N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethanediamine (1b), N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-1,3-propanediamine (1c), and N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-1,6-hexanediamine (1d) were reacted at 25 °C with 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2,4-pentanedione (2a), 2,2-dimethyl-6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptafluoro-3,5-octanedione (2b), 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone (2c), and 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-(2-furyl)-1,3-butanedione (2d) to form the ionic adducts 3-18. 1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane (1e) reacted at 25 °C with β-diketones (2a-d) and 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,4-pentanedione (2e) to give ionic solids 19-23 in good yields. Some of the products are liquid at 25 °C and are thermally stable over long liquid ranges as determined by thermal gravimetric analyses. Single-crystal X-ray structure determinations show that compounds 9 and 21 crystallize in the monoclinic space groups P2(1)/c and P2(1)/n, respectively. All the new compounds were characterized by ¹H, ¹⁹F and ¹³C NMR, electrospray MS and/or elemental analyses.     

Coupling and cycloaddition of ynamides: homo- and Negishi coupling of tosylynamides and intramolecular [4+2] cycloaddition of N-(o-ethynyl)phenyl ynamides and arylynamides

N,N′-aryl- and N,N′-alkyl-buta-1,3-diyne-1,4-ditosylamides have been synthesized for the first time, in good to excellent yields, by copper-catalyzed dimerization of the corresponding N-aryl or N-alkyl tosylynamides. Negishi coupling of N-ethynylzinc tosylamides derivatives with (hetero)aryl iodides in the presence of Pd₂dba₃ and triphenylphosphine affords N-aryl and N-alkyl arylynamides in yields of up to 90%. Intramolecular [4+2] cycloaddition reactions of N-ethynylphenyl ynamides and arylynamides allow the synthesis of carbazoles and benzannulated and heteroannulated carbazoles in moderate-to-good yields.     

Synthesis and thermal transformations of spiro-fused N-phthalimidoaziridines

Oxidation of N-aminophthalimide in the presence of 2-arylideneinden-1,3-diones with electron-withdrawing substituents gives the corresponding 3-aryl-1-phthalimidospiro[aziridine-2,2′-indene]-1′,3′-diones in good yields. Heating these aziridines with standard dipolarophiles (N-phenylmaleimide, dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate, maleate, and fumarate) leads, in most cases, to spiro[inden-2,2′-pyrrole] derivatives as products of 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of the intermediate azomethine ylides with up to 70–95% yields in the case of N-phenylmaleimide. As is typical for 2-acylaziridines, the competing rearrangement into 2-aryl-4H-indeno[2,1-d][1,3]oxazol-4-ones prevails for less active dipolarophiles. Increasing the electron-releasing properties of the 3-aryl ring allows the observation of the push–pull effect of electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents on the ease of the three-membered ring-opening.     

Mixed aggregates of dilithiodiamines with alkyllithiums and lithium enolates

The formation of mixed aggregates of N,N′-dilithiodiamines with alkyllithiums and lithium enolates was investigated. Enolization of 3-pentanone with the dilithium salt of N,N′-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine generated both the E and Z enolates and the E/Z ratio changed in the presence of a lithium enolate or excess butyllithium. The formation of mixed aggregates was modeled with the B3LYP DFT method and it was found that mixed aggregate formation is energetically favorable. The infrared spectra of dilithio-N,N′-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine in the presence of excess butyllithium or lithium enolate are consistent with the formation of mixed aggregates.