Photon-number distribution of two-mode squeezed thermal states by entangled state representation

Using the entangled state representation, we convert a two-mode squeezed number state to a Hermite polynomial excited squeezed vacuum state. We first analytically derive the photon number distribution of the two-mode squeezed thermal states. It is found that it is a Jacobi polynomial; a remarkable result. This result can be directly applied to obtaining the photon number distribution of non-Gaussian states generated by subtracting from (adding to) two-mode squeezed thermal states.     

Entanglement concentration for non-maximally entangled states of qudits

Entanglement concentration for higher dimensional quantum systems, qudits, is studied. In particular, we study a concentration protocol based on entanglement swapping of non-maximally entangled qudits via quantum state discrimination. We compare this protocol to a concentration scheme based on copies of the state to be concentrated, local transformations and two-way communications. We show that the success probability of the first scheme is equal to or larger than the success probability of the latter.     

Entanglement conditions for two-mode states

We provide a class of inequalities whose violation shows the presence of entanglement in two-mode systems. We initially consider observables that are quadratic in the mode creation and annihilation operators and find conditions under which a two-mode state is entangled. Further examination allows us to formulate additional conditions for detecting entanglement. We conclude by showing how the methods used here can be extended to find entanglement in systems of more than two modes.     

An alternative quantum fidelity for mixed states of qudits

We give an alternative definition of quantum fidelity for two density operators on qudits in terms of their Hilbert-Schmidt inner product and their purity. It can be regarded as the well-defined operator fidelity for the two operators and satisfies all Jozsa's four axioms up to a normalization factor. This fidelity is not computationally demanding.     

Qubit portrait of the photon-number tomogram and separability of two-mode light states

In view of the photon-number tomograms of two-mode light states, using the qubit-portrait method for studying the probability distributions with infinite outputs, the separability and entanglement detection of the states are studied. Examples of entangled Gaussian state and Schrödinger cat state are discussed.     

Hilbert's 17th problem and the quantumness of states

A state of a quantum system can be regarded as classical (quantum) with respect to measurements of a set of canonical observables if and only if there exists (does not exist) a well defined, positive phase-space distribution, the so called Glauber-Sudarshan P representation. We derive a family of classicality criteria that requires that the averages of positive functions calculated using P representation must be positive. For polynomial functions, these criteria are related to Hilbert's 17th problem, and have physical meaning of generalized squeezing conditions; alternatively, they may be interpreted as nonclassicality witnesses. We show that every generic nonclassical state can be detected by a polynomial that is a sum-of-squares of other polynomials. We introduce a very natural hierarchy of states regarding their degree of quantumness, which we relate to the minimal degree of a sum-of-squares polynomial that detects them.     

General two-mode squeezed states

The states |A ₁ A ₂ are considered, where the operators are associated with a unitary representation of the groupSp(4,), and the two-mode Glauber coherent states |A ₁ A ₂> are joint eigenstates of the destruction operatorsa ₁ anda ₂ for the two independent oscillator modes. We show that they are ordinary coherent states with respect to new operatorsb ₁ andb ₂, which are themselves general linear (Bogolibov) transformations of the original operatorsa ₁,a ₂ and their hermitian conjugatesa ¹ ,a ² . We further show how they may be regarded as the most general two-mode squeezed states. Most previous work on two-mode squeezed states appears to be based on more restrictive definitions than our own, and thereby reduces to special cases which are unified within our treatment.     

Single-mode quadrature-amplitude measurement for generalized two-mode squeezed states studied by virtue of the entangled state representation

The result of one-mode quadrature-amplitude measurement for some generalized two-mode squeezed states has been studied by virtue of the entangled state representation of the corresponding two-mode squeezing operators. We find that the remaining field-mode simultaneously collapses to the single-mode squeezed state with more stronger squeezing. The measurement result caused by a single-mode squeezed state projector is also calculated, which indicates quantum entanglement in squeezing.     

非线性两模玻色子系统的Majorana表象

利用Majorana表象,从平均场模型和二次量子化模型两方面研究了非线性双模玻色子系统的动力学问题.得到了Majorana点在球面上的运动方程,分析了平均场模型和二次量子化模型之间的区别及其在Majorana点运动方程中的体现.研究了二次量子化模型中量子态在少体和多体情况下的动力学演化及其与平均场量子态的区别和联系.以平均场模型和二次量子化模型量子态之间的保真度和Majorana点之间的关联为手段,讨论了在不同玻色子间相互作用强度、不同玻色子数下量子态的演化及相应的自囚禁效应.     

Nonclassicality of two-mode nonorthogonal states

Nonclassical features of Schrödinger cat state with two-mode superposition state based on two coherent states π out of phase by fixing the relative phase equal to average photon number are discussed. Study of two-mode quadrature squeezing, oscillatory and sub-Poissonian photon statistics show that nonclassicality exists for these states. However, it is observed that the considered states do not violates the Cauchy–Schwarz inequality. Furthermore, simultaneously existence of quadrature squeezing and sub-Poissonian photon statistics shows that these states have more nonclassical features than that of famous even and odd coherent states.     

Charged two-dimensional magnetoexciton and two-mode squeezed vacuum states

A novel unitary transformation of the Hamiltonian that allows one to partially separate the center-of-mass motion for charged electron-hole systems in a magnetic field is presented. The two-mode squeezed oscillator states that appear at the intermediate stage of the transformation are used for constructing a trial wave function of a two-dimensional charged magnetoexciton.     

Uncertainty relation and photon-number distribution for one-and two-mode squeezed light

We study the one-and two-mode photon distribution functions for Gaussian quantum states. The dependence on the photon-quadrature parameters is discussed within the framework of violation of the uncertainty relation. We derive the one-and two-mode photon distribution functions and present plots demonstrating that the expressions for the distribution functions take negative or complex values in the domain of quadrature parameters violating the uncertainty relation.     

Probability representation and state-extended uncertainty relations

The new inequality recently found by Trifonov and called the state-extended inequality is considered in the tomographic-probability representation of quantum mechanics. The Trifonov uncertainty relations are expressed in terms of optical tomograms and can be checked in experiments on homodyne detection of the photon states.     

Relativistic motion on Gaussian quantum steering for two-mode localized Gaussian states

Realistic quantum systems always exhibit gravitational and relativistic features. In this paper, we investigate the properties of Gaussian steering and its asymmetry by the localized two-mode Gaussian quantum states, instead of the traditional single-mode approximation method in the relativistic setting. We find that the one-side Gaussian quantum steering will monotonically decrease with increasing observers of acceleration. Meanwhile, our results also reveal the interesting behavior of the Gaussian steering asymmetry, which increases for a specific range of accelerated parameter and then gradually approaches to a finite value. Such finding is well consistent and explained by the well-known Unruh effect, which could significantly destroy the one-side Gaussian quantum steering. Finally, our results could also be applied to the dynamical studies of Gaussian steering between the Earth and satellites, since the effects of acceleration are equal to the effects of gravity according to the equivalence principle.     

Quantum nonlocality for two-mode correlated states based on generalized pseudospin operators

In this Letter, we investigate the quantum nonlocality of two-mode correlated states. We find that the pseudospin formalism [Z.B. Chen, J.W. Pan, G. Hou, Y.D. Zhang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 (2002) 040406] generally fails to depict the nonlocality of the states when the photon number difference between the two modes is odd. The formalism is then generalized such that the nonlocality of a two-mode correlated state can be well revealed without regard to the difference. Later we consider the nonlocality of the two-mode intelligent SU(1,1) states in the generalized formalism and compare our results with the entanglement of the corresponding states.     

New two-mode intermediate momentum-coordinate representation with quantum entanglement and its application

We construct four linear composite operators for a two-particle system and give common eigenvectors of those operators. The technique of integration within an ordered product (IWOP) of operators is employed to prove that those common eigenvectors are complete and orthonormal. Therefore, a new two-mode intermediate momentum-coordinate representation which involves quantum entanglement for a two-particle system is proposed and applied to some two-body dynamic problems. Moreover, the pure-state density matrix | ξ ₁ ,ξ ₂ >_C,DC,D< ξ ₁ ,ξ ₂ | is a Radon transform of Wigner operator.     

Quantum entanglement and nonlocality properties of two-mode Gaussian squeezed states

Quantum entanglement and nonlocality properties of a family of two-mode Gaussian pure states have been investigated. The results show that the entanglement of these states is determined by both the two-mode squeezing parameter and the difference of the two single-mode squeezing parameters. For the same two-mode squeezing parameter, these states show larger entanglement than the usual two-mode squeezed vacuum state. The violation of Bell inequality depends strongly on all the squeezing parameters of these states and disappears completely in the limit of large squeezing. In particular, these states can exhibit much stronger violation of local realism than two-mode squeezed vacuum state in the range of experimentally available squeezing values.     

Micromaser generation of two-mode light with quantum correlation

Two-mode generation of light in a system of N identical relaxation-free atoms placed in a resonator is considered on the basis of the derived controlling Fokker-Planck equation for the Glauber-Sudarshan quasiprobability. Under steady-state conditions, a state of modes is formed with nonclassical correlation characterized by sub-Poison statistics of photons and leading to complete suppression of shot noise. Being an entangled pair, these sub-Poisson modes can be used as a quantum channel for teletransmission of light. In contrast to the standard Einstein-Podolskly-Rosen (EPR) channel, the recipient can reproduce only correlation functions of the intensity of an unknown state.