火焰光度法测定烤烟烟叶中钾的不确定度评定

根据JJF 1059.1–2012《测量不确定度评定与表示》建立了数学模型,对火焰光度法测定烤烟上、中、下部烟叶中钾含量的标准不确定度分量进行评定和合成.不确定度主要来源于标准曲线拟合、标准溶液配制、加标回收率和测定重复性.当烤烟上部烟叶钾含量为1.8171％时,其扩展不确定度为0.0683％(k=2);当中部烟叶钾含...     

全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱法测定烟草的中性化学成分

建立了采用全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱(GC×GC-TOFMS)分析烟草的中性化学成分的方法。以DB-Petro(50 m×200 μm×0.5 μm) 为第一维色谱柱,DB-1701(2.3 m×100 μm×0.1 μm)为第二维色谱柱;调制周期为8 s;柱头压力为550 kPa;采用程序升温方式,初始温度分别为80 ℃和85 ℃。采用所建立的方法对不同部位的烟叶、不同品种烟草中的25种中性香味成分含量进行了测定和对比。结果表明：云南楚雄产云烟85的中性香味成分(不包括新植二烯)的总量以中部叶最高,其次是上部叶,下部叶最少;国内外不同品种的烤烟中中性香味成分的含量高低顺序为：巴西烤烟最高,其次是津巴布韦烤烟、云烟85、中烟101、NC89、K326;4类烟草中中性香味成分含量最高的是香料烟,其次是白肋烟、烤烟、马里兰烟。     

烟草中痕量汞的检测及烟株中汞的分布

采用HNO3-H2O2体系微波消解烟样,氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法检测烟草中的Hg量,对样品前处理试剂的用量,样品介质HCl的浓度、预还原剂的浓度和载流酸度等进行了优化,并用优化方法平行测定烤烟和杀青烟叶样品,其11次检测的相对标准偏差为5.4%～10.6%;方法的检出限为0.022 μg/L;检测的线性范围0～4.0 μg/L;加标平均回收率为98.1%;采集了旺长时期的烟株样品,对烟株分部位进行汞量的检测,结果表明在烟株中的汞量分布大致为:下部叶片＞中部叶片＞上部叶片＞根＞下部叶脉、中部叶脉和上部叶脉＞茎.     

亲水作用色谱分离-高效液相色谱法测定烟草不同部位中烟碱的含量

提出了亲水作用-高效液相色谱法测定不同烟草部位中烟碱含量的方法。采用Atlantis HILIC色谱柱(150mm×4.6mm,5μm)分离,以乙腈、10mmol·L-1乙酸铵溶液和冰乙酸以体积比72比28比2组成的混合液为流动相,在检测波长260nm处进行测定。烟碱的质量浓度在0.001~0.1g·L-1范围内与峰面积呈线性关系,方法检出限(3S/N)为0.17mg·L-1。进行3个浓度水平的加标回收试验,测得回收率在98.2%~98.9%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)小于2.0%。从烟草的不同部位取样,按本法分析,结果表明:其烟碱含量从烟叶的上部、中部、下部至烟梗逐渐减少。     

尼古丁PVC膜选择电极的研制

尼古丁是一类有机吡啶衍生物的生物碱,存在于烟草中,毒性极大。在烟草生产过程中,其含量是一项质量控制指标。尼古丁的化学名称为1-甲基-2(2-吡啶基)吡咯烷,结构式如下:尼古丁一般常用薄层色谱法和毛细管气液色谱法进行测定。目前国外标准是采用紫外分光光度法,但必须用蒸气蒸馏法从烟草混合物中进行分离后,才能测定。尼古丁PVC膜选择电极国内尚未报道,国外报道了液膜尼古丁电极及其性能。作者     

毛细管电泳-电致化学发光联用技术检测烟草中尼古丁含量

建立了毛细管电泳-电致化学发光联用技术(CE-ECL)检测烟草浸出液中尼古丁含量的方法。考察了检测电位、检测池中Ru(bpy)32+浓度和缓冲液pH值、CE运行缓冲液浓度和pH值、进样时间和电压,以及CE分离电压等实验条件对尼古丁测定的影响。在优化的条件下,尼古丁检测的线性范围为低浓度段:1～100μg/L(r>0.999)、高浓度段:100～1500μg/L(r>0.996),检出限为0.5μg/L(S/N=3)。将本方法用于3种品牌的烟草浸出液中尼古丁含量的测量,测定值均与烟盒上尼古丁的标注值相吻合,样品的加标回收率为95%～106%。     

石荠苧不同药用部位总黄酮及微量元素含量的测定

采用分光光度法测定了石荠芋不同药用部位总黄酮的含量,采用电感耦合等离子发射光谱法测定了其中微量元素的含量。结果表明,叶中总黄酮含量最高,根次之,茎最少;根、茎、叶中均含有Cu、Fe、Mn、Zn、Co等多种人体必需的微量元素,其中Fe含量最高,且叶中明显高于根、茎;3个部位均未检出有害重金属As,而Hg、Pb含量均未超标。该结果可为石荠芋不同药用部位的利用和药材的开发提供科学依据。     

烟草各部位中茄尼醇含量分布研究

采用Kromsil ODS-1色谱柱,V(甲醇)∶V(乙醇)=55∶45混合液为流动相,在紫外检测波长设定为211 nm的高效液相色谱条件下测定了烟草中各部位提取物中的茄尼醇,其中烟叶中茄尼醇的质量分数为0.45%,其他部位茄尼醇的质量分数为:烟梗0.037%,烟茎0.0037%,烟根0.0037%,其中烟叶中的茄尼醇量最高,具有提取价值.     

基于ISFET的尼古丁传感器的研究

报道了一种测定尼古丁的新方法。用二苦胺作电活性物质 ,将离子敏感场效应晶体管与药物敏感膜相结合 ,制成尼古丁传感器 ,测定尼古丁的线性范围为 1 .0×1 0 - 2 ～ 3.0× 1 0 - 5mol/L,适宜的 p H值范围为 5 .0～ 8.5 ,传感器灵敏度为 5 8.0 m V/pc。用该传感器分析烟草中的尼古丁含量 ,结果和分光光度法一致     

超声波辅助提取-高效液相色谱法测定烟草废弃物中烟碱的含量

<正>烟碱又称尼古丁,是烟草属经济作物中的主要生物碱,约占烟草中所有生物碱的95%以上^[1]。我国作为烟草大国,每年的烟草产量十分可观,烟草的大量生产必然造成烟草废弃物的大量堆积。据统计,2015-2019年,我国有效烟草年均产量约210万t, 其中有约25%废次烟叶、烟杆、烟茎等遭到废弃^[2-3]。烟草废弃物中可提取利用的有效物质主要有烟碱、茄尼醇、纤维素、木质素、植物蛋白等,它们可被用来制取烟酸,进而制取烟酰胺^[4-5]。其中,     

Determination of tobacco alkaloids in single plant cells by capillary electrophoresis

A new capillary electrophoresis system with direct UV detection for the analysis of the tobacco alkaloids nicotine, nornicotine and anabasine in plant microsamples was developed. An electrolyte containing a high concentration of citric acid to provide good buffer capacity at pH 3.6 was found to be most suitable in terms of sensitivity and separation efficiency. At this low pH the tobacco alkaloids are present in cationic form, showing high mobility and increased UV absorption. This system was used for the analysis of nicotine in single epidermal leaf cells of tobacco plants. Only vacuolar concentrations of nicotine were determined, as the vacuole occupies >95% of the entire volume in epidermal cells. The procedure of sample acquisition and preparation for nicotine analysis of vacuolar samples in the pl range is shown. The results indicate a gradient of nicotine from the leaf base to the tip with higher concentrations present in the cells at the tip. Compared to simultaneously measured bulk leaf samples containing all types of cells, tissues and compartments, the concentrations in epidermal cells are much higher. As nicotine is the major defence substance against insects in tobacco and the epidermis is the most exposed leaf tissue this result is physiologically plausible.     

Evaluation of capillary electrophoresis for the analysis of nicotine and selected minor alkaloids from tobacco

Summary Difficulties encountered in the gas or liquid chromatographic analysis of nicotine and other alkaloids in tobacco are largely due to the ionic character of these compounds. The potential of using capillary electrophoresis (CE) as an alternative analytical tool to eliminate these problems was evaluated. Parameters including electroosmotic flow, ionic forms of the analytes, buffer composition and applied voltage were studied using nicotine as a model compound. Ionic forms and electrophoretic mobility, as well as UV absorbance, of nicotine were controlled by varying the pH of an aqueous buffer solution. Thus the separation was optimized based on the characters of alkaloids and the nature of capillary electrophoresis. For tobacco samples in which nicotine accounts for more than 98% of the total alkaloid content, a quick method for the determination of nicotine in an aqueous tobacco extract within 100 seconds can be achieved.     

Quantitative analysis of nicotine in several cigarette brands,available in Iran

Summary The Nicotine content of seven brands of cigarettes, currently used in Iran, namely products O, Z, S, H, T, B & A has been measured. The percent of nicotine in various products has an increasing order of O>Z>S>H>T>B>A. Product O with the lowest amount of nicotine is known to be the least popular and A&B with relative high percent ages of nicotine are known to be the most popular cigarettes. The low protein and high sugar levels of some products, which improves the taste and burning quality, also accounts for higher popularity.     

Analytical determination of nicotine in tobacco leaves by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

A preliminary investigation using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) to analyze the nicotine contained in tobacco leaves was carried out. Nicotine is an alkaloid and tobacco leaves was extracted with methanol and determined by GC–MS. The detection limit for nicotine was at the ppm level for non selective monitoring and the nanogram level for selective detection. This is a simple chromatography–mass spectrometry method for the analysis of nicotine in tobacco leave. Compared to other currently utilized methods for the detection of nicotine in tobacco leaves, the GC–MS provided advantages of high sensitivity, nicotine specific detection and lower instrumentation cost.     

Determination of Nicotine in the Soil Mixed With Tobacco Powder as Fertilizer

ABSTRACT

The nicotine content of the tobacco powder completely degrades in one week when it is added to a non manured soil. If some organic manure is added to the soil so as to sensibly increase the microbial flora, then nicotine degrades in less than twenty-four hours. In sterilized soil nicotine content is constant over the time because of the total absence of microorganism. In the determination of the nicotine in the soil, accurate analytical results can be obtained by adding methanol to the soil sample at the moment of the sampling. Methanol degrades the enzymatic systems causing a soil sterilization and avoids, therefore, the degradation of the alkaloid. The extracted nicotine is analyzed by means of high performance liquid chromatography in a rapid and accurate manner.     

溶剂浮选光度法间接测定烟草中尼古丁

利用在碱性条件下Cu（Ⅱ）与烟碱（C10H14N2)生成浅蓝色沉淀,通过浮选光度法直接测定Cu（Ⅱ）,进而间接测定烟草中的烟碱含量。此法准确度高,回收率为98％－100％,精密度好,RSD为0.12%－1.30%.     

Determination of nicotine in allergenic extracts of tobacco leaf by high-performance liquid chromatography

A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) system has been developed for the determination of nicotine and cotinine in allergenic extracts of tobacco leaf. This analysis showed eight allergenic extracts of tobacco (leaf and Mix) to have markedly different nicotine patterns. Cotinine, a photodegradation product of nicotine, was not detected.     

Molecular Cloning and Characteristic Features of a Novel Extracellular Tyrosinase from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aspergillus niger</Emphasis> PA2

Biofertilizers have been widely used in many countries for their benefit to soil biological and physicochemical properties. A new microbial biofertilizer containing Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Bacillus thuringiensis was prepared to decrease nicotine content in tobacco leaves by regulating soil nitrogen supply. Soil NO₃ ^?-N, NH₄ ⁺-N, nitrogen supply-related enzyme activities, and nitrogen accumulation in plant leaves throughout the growing period were investigated to explore the mechanism of nicotine reduction. The experimental results indicated that biofertilizer can reduce the nicotine content in tobacco leaves, with a maximum decrement of 16–18 % in mature upper leaves. In the meantime, the total nitrogen in mature lower and middle leaves increased with the application of biofertilizer, while an opposite result was observed in upper leaves. Protein concentration in leaves had similar fluctuation to that of total nitrogen in response to biofertilizer. NO₃ ^?-N content and nitrate reductase activity in biofertilizer-amended soil increased by 92.3 and 42.2 %, respectively, compared to those in the control, whereas the NH₄ ⁺-N and urease activity decreased by 37.8 and 29.3 %, respectively. Nitrogen uptake was improved in the early growing stage, but this phenomenon was not observed during the late growth period. Nicotine decrease is attributing to the adjustment of biofertilizer in soil nitrogen supply and its uptake in tobacco, which result in changes of nitrogen content as well as its distribution in tobacco leaves. The application of biofertilizer containing P. chrysosporium and B. thuringiensis can reduce the nicotine content and improve tobacco quality, which may provide some useful information for tobacco cultivation.     

Polycations as displacer in high-performance bioseparation

Non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection (NACE-ED) was applied to the determination of nicotine. The measurements were performed using an acetonitrile-based buffer. Nicotine was shown to yield well defined voltammetric signals suitable for oxidative detection. The precision of NACE-ED regarding migration time and peak height for samples containing 8 micrograms/ml nicotine is expressed by relative standard deviations of 0.1% and 1.6%, respectively (n = 8). The limit of detection for nicotine was 13 ng/ml (286 fg). For nicotine determination in tobacco samples various solutions were studied regarding the extraction efficiency in an ultrasonic bath. The highest extraction efficiency was obtained using a solvent mixture consisting of acetonitrile-acetic acid-water (20:5:75, v/v). The results for nicotine determination in tobacco were evaluated using tobacco reference material with certified nicotine content. Analytical aspects such as accuracy, reproducibility and selectivity were addressed in this work. The measurements were based on the use of a newly developed electrochemical detector cell which was found to enable user-friendly operation of NACE-ED measurements.