熔锥型光纤耦合器宽带特性研究

报道了在常规熔锥型单模光纤定向耦合器工艺基础上，以氢氟酸腐蚀法，将两光纤耦合区直径腐蚀成适当比例，用水平直接熔融拉锥系统，将耦合区域拉制成非对称臂组合波导，从而获得了具有宽频带特性、且尺寸较小的单模光纤定向耦合器，实验结果说明：通过控制耦合区长度，可以使耦合器耦合功率在某个特定波长附近、预定小于１００％分束比上具有相当平坦（宽带）特性；从而，通过控制组合波导的不同直径比，可望得到不同分束比宽带耦合     

低纹波系数色散补偿光纤光栅的研究

介绍用扫描法研制成功的长13．5cm、带宽0．447nm、反射谱平坦的切趾啁啾光纤光栅，功率波动小于1dB，用色散分析仪测试得到时延曲线上的纹波系数小于20ps，用该光纤光栅对200km的G．652光行色散补偿，补偿量大于98％（原始脉冲宽度为36．78ps，色散补偿后的脉冲宽度为37．23ps）。     

光纤色散对超连续谱产生的影响

对1550nm波长附近具有不同色散特性的光纤产生超连续谱进行了详细的计算和分析。结果表明，在反常色散区和零散区，由于内脉冲拉曼散射效应和三阶色散效应的影响，不能产生平坦、宽带的超连续谱。而在正常色散区，可以产生平坦光滑的超连续谱。进一步研究表明，具有较小正常色散的色散平坦光纤对于产生平坦、宽带的超连续谱极为有效。通过增强脉冲抽运功率，可以得到谱强起伏小于10dB、带宽达300nm以上的平坦超宽超连续谱。     

宽频带光纤耦合器的近似模型和实验验证

本文用理论分析证明了将单模光纤耦合器的腰部熔锥区域简化成等效平行波导的近似模型必须作弱导近似和弱耦合近似,并在实践上用弱熔锥工艺制成了宽频带单模光纤耦合器,对该器件有关参量和尺寸的测量及计算,表明具有哑铃形腰部横截面结构的宽频带熔锥型耦合器的组合波导满足弱导近似和近似条件,用等效平行波导的近似模型计算耦合器转换功率随波长变化的曲线,不仅宽频带特性的理论曲线与实验符合得好,而且耦合器的耦合特性对二光纤芯径比及熔锥长度变化十分灵敏,这也是与实验相符。     

掺铒光纤非线性耦合器的实验研究

提出一种耦合参量可用光调控的掺铒光纤非线性耦合器.用熔融拉锥法熔合两根掺铒光纤,拉制成工作波长为155nm的3dB掺铒光纤耦合器.通过调变输入耦合器一臂的980nm泵浦光功率,可以改变两臂的传播常量差,从而改变耦合器两臂信号光的相对输出功率.通过测量输入泵浦光功率和两臂信号光输出功率,得到直通臂耦合比依赖于泵浦光功率的实验曲线.实验研究表明,当泵浦光功率从0 mW变化至20 mW时,耦合比的变化可达到40％.与理论模拟的结果一致.     

宽频带熔锥型耦合器的变化分析

利用变分法对腐蚀熔锥型非对称单模光纤耦合器的耦合特性进行了分析.文中根据耦合器的光纤参数及截面尺寸,用有效平行波导模型,对自制的弱融型熔锥耦合器的转换功率随波长变化曲线进行了计算.结果表明,不仅宽频带特性的理论曲线与实验符合得较好,而且耦合器的耦合特性对二光纤的芯径比及熔锥长度的变化十分灵敏,这也与实验相符.     

基于高浓度掺铒光纤的平坦宽带光源设计

为了实现高平坦的自发辐射输出,提出并设计了一种基于974nm泵浦源和高掺杂浓度掺铒光纤的平坦宽带光源。系统以泵浦波长974nm的激光二极管作为泵浦源,先将泵浦光分为两路对掺铒光纤分级泵浦,再将铒离子产生的自发辐射光合并输出,并调节铒纤长度和泵浦功率对输出光谱进行优化。仿真结果表明：泵浦功率为160mW,两段掺铒光纤长度分别为7m和2m时,可以在1530～1610nm得到带宽为80nm,功率为20.348mW,平坦度为±1.268dB的光谱输出。该系统在不额外增加滤波器且光纤总长小于10m的前提下,实现平坦宽带输出,有望在光纤传感系统中得到应用。     

光子晶体光纤中超连续谱产生的理论与实验研究

研究了光子晶体光纤中超连续激光光源的产生机理.利用非线性偏振旋转技术产生的中心波长为1 556.0 nm的飞秒光脉冲作为泵浦光源,在69 m长的高非线性光子晶体光纤中,得到了20 dB带宽约为140 nm的超连续谱;采用实验和数值模拟方法,研究了不同泵浦功率下超连续谱形成的过程.结果表明,在不同的泵浦功率下,超连续谱的形成机理不同,在各种非线性效应的共同作用下,泵浦光脉冲的峰值功率越高,得到超连续谱的带宽越宽,实验与数值模拟结果一致.另外,要想获得平坦的宽带超连续谱,必须选择合适的光纤长度.     

单模与多模光纤耦合器的光束合波

现有的光纤耦合器在作为分波器使用时具有较低的插入损耗,在作为合波器时插入损耗较大,为实现低损耗合波目的,提出一种由单模与多模光纤共同构成的混合型光纤耦合器。利用耦合波方程理论分析其工作原理,计算机模拟其耦合过程。采用熔锥法制作工艺,完成单模与多模光纤耦合器的制作,实验结果与理论模拟相吻合;该器件单模到多模光纤的耦合效率、多模到多模光纤的耦合效率均在90％以上,实现了两路光束的功率合波。作为低插入损耗合波器件可广泛应用于光通信以及双包层光纤激光器抽运光的注入。     

光纤陀螺用小尺寸高温度稳定性保偏光纤耦合器的研制

在熔融拉锥法制备保偏光纤耦合器工艺基础上,对小尺寸、高温度稳定性保偏光纤耦合器的研制工艺进行了研究.采用小火焰设计有效缩短了耦合器的封装尺寸,保偏光纤耦合器几何尺寸达到Φ3 mm×30 mm.通过不同封装工艺的实验,实现了具有高温度稳定特性的保偏光纤耦合器,器件在全温变化范围(－40℃～60℃)内分光比变化量小于2%,串音变化量小于3 dB.     

Fiber devices using polarization- maintaining fibers

Fiber devices using polarization-maintaining fibers called PANDA fibers are presented. They are polarization-maintaining couplers and polarization-splitting couplers, optical isolators and optical circulators, and multi/demultiplexers designed for 1.3 μm wavelength. Crosstalk of-32 dB and excess loss of 0.03 dB for the polarization-maintaining coupler, and polarization-splitting ratio of 17 dB and excess loss of 0.5 dB for the polarization-splitting coupler have been fabricated by a fusion-elongation method. A fiber polarizer with the extinction ratio of more than 40 dB has been presented by using the difference of bending loss between the orthogonal modes in the PANDA fibers. Multi/demultiplexer with narrow band-pass of 1.4 nm utilizing combination of PANDA fiber polarization dispersion and the polarization-splitting coupler has been realized. An optical isolator consisting of fiber polarizers and a spherical YIG with a lens function and an optical circulator consisting of polarizing-splitting couplers and spherical YIGs have been achieved.     

Fiber devices using polarization- maintaining fibers

Fiber devices using polarization-maintaining fibers called PANDA fibers are presented. They are polarization-maintaining couplers and polarization-splitting couplers, optical isolators and optical circulators, and multi/demultiplexers designed for 1.3 μm wavelength. Crosstalk of-32 dB and excess loss of 0.03 dB for the polarization-maintaining coupler, and polarization-splitting ratio of 17 dB and excess loss of 0.5 dB for the polarization-splitting coupler have been fabricated by a fusion-elongation method. A fiber polarizer with the extinction ratio of more than 40 dB has been presented by using the difference of bending loss between the orthogonal modes in the PANDA fibers. Multi/demultiplexer with narrow band-pass of 1.4 nm utilizing combination of PANDA fiber polarization dispersion and the polarization-splitting coupler has been realized. An optical isolator consisting of fiber polarizers and a spherical YIG with a lens function and an optical circulator consisting of polarizing-splitting couplers and spherical YIGs have been achieved.     

单模光纤窄带波分复用器的研究

由组合波导理论出发，分析了超长耦合器合区光纤间的功率耦合特性以及器件的偏振特性，并提出了研制二段窄波分单模光纤波发复用器的新方法，在研制常规耦合器的工艺基础上，先后研制成功１３１０ｎｍ或１５５０ｎｍ单窗口窄带波分复用器及１３１０ｎｍ或１５５０ｎｍ双窗口等三种复用间隔约１４ｎｍ的窄带波分复用器，其波长隔离度大于２０ｄＢ，具有２～３ｎｍ的带宽，偏振灵敏度小于０．１ｄＢ，附加损耗小于０．５ｄＢ，这些参数     

1310nm/1550nm单模光纤波分复用器的研制

报道了熔锥型1310nm/1550nm波分复用器的设计和制作方法。运用光纤耦合器的耦合机理,从理论上得出了耦合功率和拉伸长度的关系,当拉伸长度大约为9.5mm时,可以实现1310nm/1550nm波分复用。采用熔融拉锥系统,制作了样品。测试表明,器件的隔离度大于21dB,附加损耗小于0.1dB,该器件的指标都达到了实用化的要求。     

用三干涉臂马赫-曾德尔干涉仪制成的光纤密集型波分复用器

提出一种新型的光纤干涉仪 ,它是采用二个 3× 3单模光纤耦合器组成三光纤系统的马赫 -曾德尔 (Mach- Zehnder)干涉仪 ,当干涉仪的三条光纤干涉臂两两之间分别存在长度差Δ L和2Δ L时 ,干涉仪形成了一个波分复用间隔相等的三波分复用器 ,波分复用的波长间隔仅仅取决于ΔL的大小。实验样品的使用波段为 1.55μm,波长复用间隔为 1.6 nm,附加损耗为 0 .6 d B。     

Multimode optical fiber demultiplexer-star coupler using a single gradient-index-rod lens and a multi-facet grating

An optical fiber multi-function device consisting of a single gradient-index-rod lens and a multi-facet blazed reflection grating is proposed to simultaneously realize functions of wavelength demultiplexing and optical signal distribution in a multimode optical fiber transmission system. We analyzed the demultiplexing characteristics and the tolerance of optical components using the ray trace method. This device can realize not only low loss optical signal distribution but also offers improved demultiplexing characteristics in comparison with the previously proposed demultiplexer-multiposition switch. The following characteristics are expected from the design using commercially available optical components: a working band of 0.64–0.88 μm, channel separation of 34–36 nm, 3 dB bandwidth of 27–28 nm, channel cross-talk of less than - 40 dB and minimum excess insertion loss of 0.9–2.1 dB.     

基于无源三环复合子腔的2050 nm波段单纵模掺铥光纤激光器EI北大核心CSCD

提出了一种在2050 nm波段的基于新型无源三环复合子腔的单纵模掺铥光纤激光器。对所提出的新型复合三环子腔滤波器进行了详细的理论分析,可以通过调整其有效自由光谱范围和透射带宽实现超窄带滤波,从而确保激光器的单纵模运行。所搭建激光器的输出波长为2048.48 nm,光信噪比为70 dB,100 min内的波长和功率波动分别小于0.02 nm和0.453 dB。实验结果表明,激光器可以工作在稳定的单纵模输出状态。该激光器有望用于自由空间光通信或用作多普勒激光雷达的高功率光纤激光器的种子源。     

Spliced-fiber mode filter for 1060-nm single-mode transmission

We present a novel mode filter operating for the 1060-nm band, which selectively removes the power of the high-order mode (HOM) from a conventional single-mode fiber (C-SMF) that supports two modes at the short-wavelength band. Our mode filter is fabricated very easily by fusion-splicing a short section of short-wavelength single-mode fiber in the middle of the C-SMF link. By using our spliced-fiber mode filter (SF-MF), a high HOM suppression performance of > 18 dB has been achieved with a low insertion loss of < 0.3 dB over the full band of optical communications from 1050 nm to 1650 nm. We have also developed a new mode power measurement scheme that takes advantage of the bending sensitivity of the HOM guidance. This measurement scheme enabled us to evaluate accurately the performance factors of the fabricated mode filter.     

A novel design for single-polarization single-mode photonic crystal fiber at 1550 nm

The present paper proposes a novel design for achieving single-polarization single-mode (SPSM) operation at 1550 nm in photonic crystal fiber (PCF), using a rectangular-lattice PCF with two lines of three central air holes enlarged. The proposed PCF composed entirely of silica material is modeled by a full-vector finite element method with anisotropic perfectly matched layers. Simulations show that single-polarization operation within broad wavelength range can be easily realized with the proposed structure. The wideband SPSM operation features, the low confinement losses, and the small effective mode area are the main advantages of the proposed PCF structure. A SPSM-PCF with confinement loss less than 0.1 dB/km within wavelength range from 1370 to 1610 nm and effective mode area about 4.7 μm2 at 1550 nm is numerically demonstrated.     

4 × 4 Plastic Optical Fiber Star Coupler Incorporated with a Common Polymer Waveguide Optical Power Distribution Region

Abstract

Two types of 4 × 4 plastic optical fiber star couplers incorporated with a polymer waveguide as the optical power distributor are proposed, and their high performances are demonstrated. The characteristics of the proposed star coupler are investigated based on ray optics, and its power distribution performance is evaluated in terms of the flatness of the coupling ratio and the amount of the excess loss. Under the best conditions, the flatness of the coupling ratio and the excess loss of the fabricated device have been obtained as 2.0 dB and 2.5 dB, respectively.