过渡金属表面γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷膜的研究

本文对在过渡金属铁、镍电极表面制备得到的γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷(γ-APS)膜进行了研究。实验中对硅烷膜用X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)、现场表面增强拉曼散射光谱(SERS)和原子力显微镜(AFM)进行了表征。X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)的结果发现存在两个N1s峰,表明γ-APS膜中的氨基有两种存在方式:自由氨基和质子化氨基。实验中还发现现场表面增强拉曼散射光谱(SERS)是研究金属/γ-APS体系中界面层结构非常有效的手段,SERS结果表明硅醇羟基和氨基发生了竞争吸附,且γ-APS分子在外加电位等条件的影响下吸附状态会发生一定变化。原子力显微镜(AFM)的表征结果在微观上显示电极表面的γ-APS膜上形成了一种较规则的微孔结构,这种结构可能与基底的性质有关。     

基于近场光度立体视觉的金属表面纹理重构

精密金属零件的表面质量会影响产品的性能与外观,为此需要对零件的表面纹理进行测量与评定.常用的接触式测量方法测量效率低,而光学测量方法易受表面高亮反射的影响,为此提出一种基于近场非朗伯光度立体视觉的高亮金属表面纹理重构方法.为了有效描述非朗伯反射,该方法采用基于共位光源的逆向反射模型,用来解耦表面法向量与非线性反射模型....     

聚碳硅烷纤维不熔化反应程度的表征

在先驱体法制备碳化硅 (Si C)纤维的过程中 ,聚碳硅烷 (PCS)纤维的不熔化反应程度对终烧 Si C纤维的性能具有重要影响。本文就 PCS纤维的不熔化反应程度的表征方法进行了探讨。结果表明 ,PCS纤维不熔化反应程度可以用 PCS纤维的硅 -氢 (Si— H)的反应程度来描述     

温度对PC膜结构、性能的影响

Pc膜具有优异的物理机械性能，在材料保护、电子器件、生物医药等领域均有广泛用途。用光学显微镜对样品表面分析，发现很多凹凸不平的线形痕迹，同时有许多颗粒大小不同的圆形凹坑和凸起的颗粒物。膜在受热或一定气体压力下可能易产生针孔而发生透气。用扫描电镜对PC膜进行表面微区分析，发现其表面由微米级大小的聚合体颗粒堆积而成。偏振红外光谱、扫描电镜和X射线衍射分析，发现PC膜的吸收光谱各谱峰强度基本没有明显变化，说明该样品整体为非晶结构，沉积过程中无明显的分子取向性。     

银纳米膜的电化学制备方法及性能表征

采用电沉积方法在表面活性剂与电解液的界面上制备了银纳米膜。通过对甲磺酸银体系和硝酸银体系中纳米银膜的电沉积速率及纳米银膜颗粒进行比较发现，相同条件下硝酸银体系得到的纳米膜晶粒粒径比较小，膜的生长速率较快。选定硝酸银体系为电沉积体系。考察了槽压、电解液的浓度和温度及溶液的pH值对制备银纳米膜的影响，确立了制备银纳米膜的最佳工艺条件为硝酸银浓度5mmol/L，槽压4V，pH3.0,硬脂酸的质量浓度0.2g/L。实验表明，最佳工艺条件下制备的银纳米膜晶粒粒径均匀，平均粒径在20nm左右，近似球形。本方法制备的银纳米膜将在非线性光学材料方面得到应用。     

金属表面非相干线结构光条纹中心提取方法

采用线结构光法测量金属表面形貌时,由于受到金属表面光学特性和散斑噪声的影响,条纹中心的提取误差往往较大。为此,提出了一种非相干线结构光形貌测量方法,避免了散斑噪声的影响。通过分析该方法测量金属表面形貌时的条纹图像特点,提出一种适合非相干线结构光条纹的中心提取方法。该方法首先采用结合积分图像原理的自适应阈值分割算法,对原条纹图像进行分割。采用灰度重心法粗提取原条纹中心坐标,以该坐标为基准向条纹宽度方向延伸,从而确定阈值分割后条纹图的感兴趣区和背景区,并去除背景区的噪声。经中值滤波后,采用几何中心法提取条纹中心。实验结果表明：采用该方法提取粗糙度样块表面非相干光条纹中心的平均误差为1.5μm,提取齿轮渐开线样板表面非相干光条纹中心的平均误差为0.9μm,均比其线激光条纹中心的提取误差小。所提方法能实现金属表面非相干线结构光条纹中心的精确提取。     

单晶硅表面有机硅烷/Ag2O纳米微粒复合自组装膜的制备和表征

利用分子自组装成膜技术 ,在单晶硅表面制备了有机硅烷 /Ag2 O纳米微粒复合膜 .应用接触角测定仪、原子力显微镜和X射线光电子能谱仪分析表征了薄膜的组成和结构 .结果表明 ,通过硅烷偶联剂 3 氨丙基 三乙氧基硅烷在单晶硅基底表面的成功组装 ,获得了较为均匀的硅烷化表面 ,而Ag2 O纳米微粒可在硅烷化表面成功地进行组装 ,并呈亚单层排布     

光谱学研究硅烷钒锆复合钝化膜的结构和成膜机理

在热镀锌钢板表面制备了硅烷钒锆复合钝化膜。用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、射频辉光放电发射光谱(rf-GD-OES)和傅里叶变换衰减全反射红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)表征了钝化膜的组成结构,分析了硅烷钒锆复合钝化膜的成膜机理。结果表明：硅烷之间互联构成了硅烷钒锆复合钝化膜的主成膜成分,无机缓蚀剂均匀分布在膜层中。钝化膜表面Si2p的XPS窄幅扫描谱100.7 eV处的拟合峰和红外光谱在波数1 100 cm-1 Si—O吸收峰变宽加强,表明硅烷以Si—O—Zn键的形式化学吸附在锌的表面,硅烷分子之间通过Si—O—Si键相互交联;红外光谱中1 650和1 560 cm-1的两个酰胺特征峰,结合910 cm-1的环氧特征峰的消失,表明γ-GPT的环氧基团在氨基活性氢的诱导下开环和γ-APT的氨基之间发生聚合反应形成交联的空间网状结构;rf-GD-OES分析发现钝化膜0.3 μm处存在一层富氧层,钝化反应生成的ZrF₄,ZrO₂和钒盐等无机物均匀分布在钝化膜中。分析膜层组成结构和成膜前后的ATR-FTIR光谱,研究了成膜过程中发生的物理过程和化学变化,提出了硅烷钒锆复合钝化膜的成膜机理。     

激光功率密度对类金刚石膜结构性能的影响

采用大功率高重复频率准分子激光溅射热解石墨靶制备了类金刚石膜，研究了激光功率密度对膜的结构和性能的影响，分析了膜的紫外可见透过谱及膜的带隙结构、Raman谱和电子衍射图，结果表明随着激光功率密度由10⁸W／cm²提高至10¹⁰ W／cm²，膜的结构也由无定形非晶结构转变为纳米晶金刚石结构，膜 中的sp³键舍量及各项性能均有提高. 关键词： 激光功率密度 类金刚石膜 性能 结构     

电子束辐照对聚碳硅烷结构与热解性能的影响

在惰性气氛下,用电子束对聚碳硅烷 (PCS) 进行辐照改性。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱分析、凝胶含量测定以及热重-气相色谱-质谱连用技术对不同剂量改性的PCS进行了分析表征,研究了辐照剂量对PCS结构与热解性能的影响。结果表明,电子束辐照作用使PCS样品中大量SiH键和CH键发生断裂,形成了以SiCSi为骨架的三维网状凝胶产物,当辐照剂量高于3 MGy时,PCS的凝胶化程度随辐照剂量的增加而明显变大。热重分析表明,电子束辐照有利于提高PCS的热稳定性,其初始失重温度和陶瓷化产率都会随辐照剂量的增加而升高,其中,经20 MGy辐照后的PCS样品的陶瓷化产率可达87%。此外,对于400 ℃预处理的PCS样品,在相同吸收剂量下,样品的凝胶质量分数、初始失重温度和最终陶瓷化产率都较未处理的高。     

金属纳米球-纳米圆盘结构中表面等离激元共振模式的电磁场增强研究

表面等离激元自诞生以来已有一百多年的历史,并逐渐形成了一门新的学科——表面等离激元光子学.位于金属纳米结构中的局域表面等离激元可产生非常显著的近表面电场增强,并成功应用于诸多研究领域当中,而对局域表面等离激元与外界入射光中磁场的相互作用的研究则相对较少.该研究在前期已有的研究基础之上模拟计算了金属纳米球-纳米圆盘结构间...     

Standardization of Methods for Characterizing the Surface Geometry of Solids

Since a comprehensive survey published in 1999 [1] much work was done in standardizing measuring methods to characterize the surface geometry of dispersed and/or porous solids and to certify reference materials. The present paper is an extension of a short communication [2]. It gives a survey on existing standards and reports on new drafts and proposals.     

The Influence of Film Coating on the Surface Roughness and Specific Surface Area of Pellets

The aim of this paper was to study the surface roughness of pellets after the application of a film coat. In total eight batches of pellets were examined of which four were considered to be round, whereas the other four deviated from the spherical shape by various degrees. The determination of the specific surface area of the coated pellets suggested that, although the film appeared to have filled the pores, the final film structure still mirrored the original surface structure of the pellets. However, profilometry was able to evaluate these gross results in more detail. From the latter measurements it appeared as though the pellet shape was another major influence factor on the final surface texture of the film coating. Pellets with a more elongated and irregular shape such as dumbbells provided more possibilities for interparticulate contact during the coating process, whereby film forming material was ripped off the pellet surfaces making these appear more rough due to surface defects. The use of alcoholic binder solutions during the pellet production might have resulted in surfaces with slightly changed surface free energy, which allowed a better spreading and adhesion of the polymer film and resulted in less textured film surfaces.     

金属薄膜亚波长微结构的光束集束器件设计

利用时域有限差分方法,模拟了P偏振光高斯光束入射到金属银亚波长细缝与光栅结构的透射情况.由于表面等离子激元波的影响,对称光栅结构透射光呈现对称出射,而非对称结构可以实现小角度定方向的光束集束现象.借助公式推导法及Helmholtz互易定理,可设计出平行入射P偏振光的光束集束器件.由于高斯光束本身的发散性及近场分布的需要,针对高斯光束的器件在结构参量上缩小了12%.在对其他结构参量的优化的基础上,实现了针对633 nm高斯光束的对称出射及光束集束器件的设计.     

低温等离子体对多孔聚丙烯膜表面改性的研究

红外光声光谱（ＩＲ）分析和光电子能谱（ＥＳＣＡ）分析表明，双向拉伸我孔聚内烯膜（ＰＰ）经等离子体表面改性后，表面产生了多种极性基团，从而增中了表面的亲水性，改性后的ＰＰ膜与胶原复合形成的复合材料表面还出现了离子的型的氨基和羧基等，涂覆深度约为５ｎｍ以上，从而为ＰＰ膜用作药物控释系统中的载体作了初步的探索。     

Spontaneous Agglomeration of Silver Nanoparticles Deposited on Carbon Film Surface

The spontaneous aggregation of silver nanoparticles on a two-dimensional surface at room temperature is investigated. The nanoparticles were deposited on a carbon film and have been observed by a transmission electron microscope (TEM) for over one year. These particles were about 10nm, spherical and well dispersed initially, and an obviously spontaneous agglomeration was observed at the 12th day, the values, coverage rate of the silver particles on carbon film, were increased with time (before 40th day), but reduced with time (after 40th day). These show that the aggregates of the particles tend to have the smallest surface to reduce their surface free energy and are compact three-dimensional cluster in which the most size is above 100nm. Agglomerating is a successively slow diffusion-limited aggregation (DLA) growth. Another phenomenon, a big aggregate gathering some particles and a small aggregate to form a still bigger one, is observed. This indicates that the aggregating processes are controlled by migration of the particles on carbon film surface and surface energy of the particles.     

表面等离子体激元共振溶胶-凝胶薄膜传感器

采用溶胶－凝胶金属氧化物半导体薄膜,作为表面等离子体激元共振效应的光化学传感器的传感介质。分析了金属Ag膜与传感薄膜的光学参数对传感器灵敏度的影响。通过在金属层与传感层之间优化设计中间层,进一步提高了传感器灵敏度。选择SnO2薄膜及SiO2薄膜作为传感层与中间层,对三种气体NH3、C2H5OH、C3H8进行气敏实验,结果表明结构优化的传感器具有更高的灵敏度。     

Metal nanoparticle production by pulsed laser nanostructuring of thin metal films

The controllable nanostructuring of thin metal films by nanosecond UV laser pulses is introduced as a novel technique for the production of metal nanoparticles supported on a range of different oxide substrates, including indium tin oxide. This processing is performed at low macroscopic temperatures. The physical mechanisms underlying the nanostructuring are discussed and applications for these nanoparticle films, including as catalysts for nanotube/nanowire growth and in surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy measurements, are introduced.     

Quantum Transport and Surface Scattering in Magnetic Metallic Film

Taking into account the quantum size effect and the spin dependence of the electronic band structure, and including the spin dependence of the scattering from bulk impurities and two different sets of surface roughness, we present a theory on the electronic transport in magnetic film, in which the average autocorrelation function （ACF） for surface roughness is described by a Gaussion model. Our result shows that the conductivity is a sensitive function of surface roughness and exchange energy. It is also found that in the thin film limit and in the lower-order approximation of the surface scattering, the total conductivity is given by a sum of conductivities of all the subbands and the two spin channels, for each subband and each spin channel the scattering rates due to the impurities and two surfaces are additive.     

壁面结构对非定常薄膜流动表面波特性的影响

采用VOF方法,在入口处引入周期扰动,对沿矩形结构底板下落的二维非定常薄膜流动进行直接数值模拟.计算结果表明,不同频率的外加周期扰动在流场中激发出不同波长的自由表面波.当壁面结构的波长与之相比较小时,由于壁面结构引起的静态波骑行在外加扰动形成的行进波上.若这两个波长相近,非线性效应将促进附近的表面波之间的合并.当薄膜无...